Introduction and design basis of roof helipad
Roof heliport, or roof helipad, refers to the facilities set on the roof of a building for helicopter takeoff, landing and parking. It is a veritable "air airport".
Roof heliports appeared in the 1940s. The roof heliports were set up on earlier buildings mainly for the need of use, which were used to meet and send important people, military tasks and health care. For a moment, the scene of the helicopter rising on the roof of the building added a new landscape to the modern city.
As helicopters have certain requirements for flight, takeoff and landing clearance, it is more reasonable to set apron on the roof of high-rise buildings. Most roof heliports are located on high-rise buildings. However, it seems that the fire should be "credited" to the fact that the helipad on the roof of high-rise buildings was really accelerated. The emergence and development of high-rise buildings add color to modern society, but also bring some problems, fire is one of them. In particular, the safety evacuation and fire fighting of high-rise building fires are more prominent problems. Once the fire breaks out, people are afraid that "there is no way to go up in the sky or into the earth" door ”。 The roof heliport is undoubtedly a "road to the sky", providing an escape route for people in the fire, and also creating conditions for firefighters to enter high-rise buildings from the top for fire fighting and rescue.
In several famous high-rise building fires in the 1920s, such as the Andreas Building in Brazil and the aviation building in Colombia, the successful use and good results of helicopters made us start to re-examine the value of rooftop heliports. Its good role in evacuation and rescue has immediately attracted the attention of all countries. Many new high-rise buildings, especially very high-rise buildings, have begun to set up roof aprons, and some countries have also made clear provisions in the form of laws and regulations.
In 1982, the roof apron of the first high-rise building in China was born on the roof of the main building on the 37th floor of Nanjing Jinling Hotel. Later, many very high-rise buildings with roof airports were built in China. The Code for Fire Protection Design of High rise Civil Buildings, promulgated in 1995 in China, made explicit provisions for the roof apron for the first time.
From the perspective of vertical evacuation of high-rise buildings, the roof heliport is an effective auxiliary facility, especially for very high-rise buildings, combined with the open or semi open roof refuge area, it is more conducive to quickly rescue refugees from danger. At the same time, it can also be used for air transport firefighters to enter the building from the roof to carry out fire fighting and rescue.
In addition, the roof apron is also a landing platform for helicopters, which can provide services for helicopter air command, communication, patrol, search, transportation, aerial photography, sightseeing, etc. It is believed that with the development of society, economy and technology, the number of roof heliports will increase.
one Architectural design basis of roof heliport
① According to Article 611114 of Code for Fire Protection Design of High rise Civil Buildings (GBJ50045-95), very high rise buildings with a height of more than 100m and a standard floor area of ≥ 1000m2 should be considered.
② Set according to the general requirements of urban planning. In the planning of modern big cities, helipads are required on the roofs of some very high-rise buildings and special purpose buildings to meet the special needs of metropolises for national defense, fire protection, first aid, special services, tourism, etc.
③ Design according to the special functions and needs of the building. For example, the fire control command building, traffic command building, public security command center, military and national defense unit office building, news agency, important health care center, and high-end hotels that are responsible for urban disaster prevention and disaster relief command and dispatching center should be considered.
④ Set according to the needs of the owner and society. With the continuous development of large enterprises and companies, the demand for their own means of transportation aircraft (including helicopters) is bound to increase. At present, Yuanda Group has taken the lead in owning corporate jets and helicopters in China. In the future, the parking apron can be set on the roof of the enterprise office building or factory building according to the needs of the owner. With the prosperity of the tourism industry, helicopters, as one of the air travel tools in line with the tourism psychology of contemporary people, will become increasingly popular. Aprons can be selectively set on the roofs of some landmark very high-rise buildings and tourist buildings in scenic spots. For example, one of the reasons for the installation of roof aprons in all the trade center office buildings in Beijing is the need to carry out tourism.
⑤ The design shall be carried out according to the Code for Design of Helicopter Yard and the performance of helicopters that may be put into use. These are the technical basis for roof airport design and must be strictly implemented.
