Suzhou Changxinghui Thermal Insulation Building Materials Co., Ltd. mainly produces rubber and plastic Sponge Products Glass Cotton products, mineral wool products, high-pressure polymer ethylene PEF products, silicic acid products ceramics Fiber products polyurethane Products, phenolic foam products, extruded board products, polystyrene foam products, pearl salt vermiculite products, exterior wall accessories products (adhesive mortar, crack resistant plaster mortar, self expanding nails, exterior wall isolation belt, thermal insulation corner protection), high-temperature refractory products, foam glass products, pipe support products, glue tape products, binding products, anti-corrosion products, waterproof products Sound absorbing sponge products, etc. It is a comprehensive enterprise involving building materials, chemical industry, thermal insulation, waterproof, sealing, asbestos, rubber and other fields, integrating scientific research, production, sales and construction.
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one Overview of polyurethane
Polyurethane (PUR) refers to a large class of polymers with more carbamate groups on the main molecular chain. It is a kind of polymer material between plastic and rubber. It has large elongation, wide hardness range, wide formula adjustment range, and good wear resistance and mechanical properties. Poured polyurethane elastomer (CPUR) is one of the three major processing types of polyurethane elastomer, and its dosage accounts for 6o% of PUR. It has the advantages of diversified chemical structure, easy viscosity adjustment, excellent processing technology, easy to be put into industrial production, easy to use and fast curing, so it is very suitable for making large and complex components. The polyurethane wear-resistant lining plate is produced and processed by the casting polyurethane elastomer process. Polyurethane is a kind of polymer containing urethane type repeating structural units in the macromolecular chain, which is called polyamino acid ester in full, or polyurethane in English, or PU or PUR for short. PU is the product reflected by polyisocyanate and polyether or polyester polyol in a certain proportion.
Performance of PU elastomer: The performance of PU elastomer is slightly different from that of PU elastomer synthesized by plastic polyol. Polyester PU has high mechanical properties, good oil resistance, but poor water resistance; Polyether PU has better low-temperature resistance and hydrolysis resistance than polyester PU, but its oil resistance and mechanical properties are slightly poor.
Mechanical properties of PU: The hardness of PU elastomer varies widely, from Shore A10 to D80, and the elongation at break is up to 600%~800%. The high Shore hardness of natural rubber is only A70, and the elongation at break is 550%. The tear strength of PU elastomer is high, 2~5 times higher than that of natural rubber. PU elastomer has high resilience and good shock absorption effect. The abrasion resistance of PU elastomer is good, 3~10 times of that of natural rubber.
two characteristic
1. Wide hardness range. It still has the elongation and resilience of rubber under high hardness. The hardness range of polyurethane plate is Shore A10-D80.
2. High strength. Under rubber hardness, their tensile strength, tear strength and bearing capacity are much higher than those of general rubber. Under high hardness, its impact strength and bending strength are much higher than those of plastics.
3. Wear resistant. Its abrasion resistance is very outstanding, generally in the range of 0.01-0.10 (cm3)/1.61km, about 3-5 times that of rubber.
4. Oil resistant. Polyurethane board is a kind of strong macromolecular compound, which has little affinity with non sexual mineral oil and is almost not corroded in fuel oil and machine oil.
5. Good resistance to oxygen and ozone.
6. It has excellent vibration absorption performance and can be used as a shock absorber and buffer. Replace rubber and spring in mold manufacturing.
7. It has good low-temperature performance.
8. Radiation resistance. The polyurethane has good resistance to high-energy radiation, and still has satisfactory performance under 10-10 Ge radiation dose.
9. It has good machining performance. (Turning, milling, grinding and drilling are acceptable)
three Raw material composition and testing
1. Main raw materials
Polyether polyol, polyether polyol industrial product; Isocyanates (industrial products), curing agents, flame retardant additives, antistatic additives, pigments, reinforcement materials.
2. Equipment: raw material reaction kettle, pouring equipment, vacuum equipment, vulcanization equipment, heating equipment, mold, etc.
3. Test method
Rubber hardness tester
Surface insulation resistance tester
Alcohol burner combustion test box
Rolling abrasion machine
Computer tensile testing machine
four Polyurethane prepolymerization reaction
1. All - OH are blocked with diisocyanate to form large diisocyanate with polyether, polyester or polyurethane in the middle.
2. Curing reaction.
3. The polyurethane prepolymer shall be stored in a cool and ventilated place. It shall not be exposed to the sun. It shall be packed in an iron bucket or plastic bucket. It must be sealed without air leakage. The closed cover cannot be opened randomly. When the closed cover is opened, it shall be closed at any time. The surface of the frequently opened and sealed prepolymer should be covered with a skin like substance, which is the result of the reaction of water in the air with isocyanate on the surface of the prepolymer after the cover is opened to produce carbon dioxide and urea. At present, the production technology of polyether polyols and polyisocyanates in China is mostly introduced from developed countries such as Japan, the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom. The quality of polyether polyols and polyisocyanates developed by us is guaranteed. The storage period of the prepared prepolymer is almost the same as that of the prepolymer produced abroad, which is one year.
During the storage of polyurethane prepolymer, the - NCO in the prepolymer reacts with the urea group, carbamate and other groups containing active hydrogen in the prepolymer, so the content of - NCO% must be analyzed at any time during application.
4. Influence of physical structure.
5. Dielectric property
Polyurethane products have excellent dielectric properties, while wear-resistant lining plates need to have very good anti-static properties to achieve semiconducting performance, so that a large number of static charges generated during unloading can be released, otherwise excessive static charges may contact with large amounts of dust in raw materials, which may cause dust explosion and production accidents, It has brought huge losses to port enterprises.
five Design of wear-resistant lining plate
The wear-resistant liner is designed according to the use environment and requirements. The wear-resistant liner used in the chute in the early silo is made and installed with PE materials, but in use, The PE lining plate is not wear-resistant and has a long service life, which leads to frequent replacement by the user, which is very inconvenient and affects normal purchase and shipment. The hardness of PE material is very high. During the loading and unloading of food raw materials such as grain, the part contacting with PU liner will be crushed in large quantities, which will seriously affect the quality of grain. Therefore, polyurethane wear-resistant liner emerged as the times require. As an elastomer product, polyurethane wear-resistant liner has very high wear resistance and rebound buffer performance.
1. Selection of raw materials: different polyol raw materials have different molecular structures and molecular weights. The performance of different polyols varies greatly. The use environment and requirements are different. Each polyol has unique characteristics and good application range. Polyester polyols are wear-resistant, corrosion resistant, good oil resistance, high mechanical strength, and good aging resistance. Polyether polyols have good resilience, low temperature flexibility, hydrolysis stability and mold resistance. There are many curing agent systems, and different formulation systems use different performance requirements. The selection of different systems depends not only on the performance requirements of the product, but also on the price of the product. The wear resistance and resilience of the wear-resistant lining plate are determined by the selected raw materials.
2. The flame-retardant performance and anti-static performance indicators are directly related to the selected additives. Thousands of manufacturers and enterprises have produced and sold various additives in China, but which additives meet our formula needs and are suitable for our use without affecting the internal performance of polyurethane? Pengbosheng has done countless experiments, tried hundreds of different flame retardants and antistatic additives, and screened out additives suitable for our formula system. Choosing the appropriate amount of additives can not only give full play to the performance of additives and achieve the design indexes of flame retardancy and anti-static, but also can not lose the superior performance of polyurethane.
3. Production process design
The important thing for the formulation design of wear-resistant lining plate is how to achieve batch production. Polyurethane has its own reaction characteristics. Its reaction activity is high, reaction time is short, and the corresponding operation time is very short. How to cast the product into a large flat plate is the key to process design. The polyurethane raw materials should be heated before mixing reaction. The heating temperature is also related to the reaction speed. The low temperature, high viscosity of raw materials, uneven mixing of raw materials and product quality decline; The temperature is too high, the reaction speed is too fast, the operation is more difficult, and the waste rate is very high, which directly affects the product cost.
six Application of polyurethane
1. Polyurethane is a new high-performance material between rubber and plastic. Due to its good performance, it has a wide range of applications in all walks of life. It is increasingly used in economically developed regions and countries.
Main uses of polyurethane:
Polyurethane floor
Polyurethane spraying
Polyurethane foam
Polyurethane elastomer
Polyurethane insulation and anti-corrosion
Polyurethane waterproof, potting material and sealant
Polyurethane adhesive
Polyurethane coating
Pipe lining
Polyurethane fabric (fiber)
Polyurethane leather
Polyurethane sole
2. Use of polyurethane: With the continuous development and improvement of polyurethane, the application of polyurethane has penetrated into our life. For example, automobile production, mineral processing, ports and docks, food and food processing, health and hygiene, construction machinery, electronic equipment, construction, furniture, textile, clothing and shoes, synthetic leather, water conservancy, petrochemical, printing and packaging, sports and fitness and other industries are widely used. With technological progress, polyurethane is gradually used in our aerospace It is well applied in the national defense industry.
