Combustion is a rapid and violent oxidation reaction with flame. The reaction is very complex. The generation and progress of combustion must meet three conditions at the same time, namely, combustible materials, combustion supporting agents and ignition sources. In order to prevent combustion, any of the three elements in the combustion process must be cut off, such as reducing temperature, isolating air or combustible materials. Fire retardant coating is just based on combustion. It is used on the surface of combustible substrate to reduce the flammability of the surface of the coated material, retard the rapid spread of fire, protect the substrate from direct contact with the air, delay the ignition time and combustion speed of objects, or decompose incombustible inert gas, dilute the combustible gas decomposed from the protected object by heat, and make it difficult to burn or incombustible, It is a special coating used to improve the fire resistance of coated materials. The fire prevention mechanism of fire retardant coating can be roughly summarized as follows: (1) The fire retardant coating itself is flame retardant or incombustible, so that the protected substrate does not directly contact with the air, delaying the ignition of objects and reducing the burning speed. (2) In addition to being flame-retardant or incombustible, the fireproof coating also has a low thermal conductivity, which can delay the transfer of flame temperature to the protected substrate. (3) The fireproof coating decomposes into incombustible inert gas when heated, diluting the combustible gas decomposed by the protected object, making it difficult to burn or slow down the burning speed. (4) Nitrogen containing fireproof coating decomposes into NO, NH3 and other groups when heated, combines with organic free radicals, interrupts the chain reaction, and reduces the temperature. (5) . The intumescent fireproof coating expands and foams when heated, forming a carbon foam insulation layer to seal the protected object, delay the transfer of heat and substrate, and prevent the object from burning or strength decline due to temperature rise. In addition, the fireproof coating also has the performance characteristics of rust prevention, waterproof, corrosion prevention, wear resistance, heat resistance, and coating toughness, coloring, adhesion, easy drying, and a certain gloss. According to its application field, it can be divided into: facing fire retardant coating, wood fire retardant coating, steel structure fire retardant coating, concrete structure fire retardant coating, tunnel fire retardant coating, cable fire retardant coating, etc.
According to the analysis of the existing waterproof coatings, their waterproof mechanisms can be divided into two types: one is to block the penetration of water or water molecules by forming a complete film; The other is to prevent water penetration through the hydrophobic effect of the film itself. Polymer cement waterproof coating is used to block water penetration or water molecule penetration through the film. Many polymer materials can form a complete and continuous membrane after drying. There are always some gaps between molecules of solid polymer, and the width of the gap is about several nanometers. It is reasonable to say that a single water molecule can pass through these gaps, but water in nature is usually in an associated state, A large water molecule group is formed between dozens of water molecules due to hydrogen bonding, which makes it difficult for water molecules to pass through the gap between polymers, which is the main reason why the waterproof coating film has waterproof function. The main technical characteristics of polymer cement waterproof coating can be summarized as follows: 1. The product is a water-based coating, non-toxic, harmless, pollution-free, environmentally friendly, safe to use, without any harm to the surrounding environment and personnel. 2. The product can be directly constructed on wet (no water) or dry base surfaces of various materials. 3. The coating is tough and high-strength, with excellent water resistance, weather resistance, durability, and 1400C high temperature resistance. It is especially suitable for road and bridge waterproofing, and can be colored to form a color coating. 4. The product can be directly constructed on the facade, slope and top surface without flowing. The construction is simple, easy to operate, and the construction period is short. The coating can dry itself at room temperature. The film waterproof layer of this product is easy to maintain.