Human beings have life because of water, and towns prosper because of water. Water can not only irrigate fishing boats, but also block traffic and cause floods. Human beings rely on water but also guard against it. Overflow of water requires water control and drainage. Only when buildings are built against water and built near water can they have different forms. Water adds spirituality to buildings, and water also causes diseases. Open water and water vapor are the main sources of corrosion and collapse of buildings. In the maintenance design of ancient buildings, the waterproof problem needs special attention. Only by solving the drainage problem, can the ancient buildings be protected from floods in the future.
So how did the roofs of ancient buildings waterproof, In the design of ancient buildings, The method of combining structural waterproofing with material waterproofing is mainly based on structural waterproofing, supplemented by material waterproofing. It is a combination of two approaches and multiple ways to achieve comprehensive treatment. Take tiles as an example. When they are overlapped on the roof, rainwater flows down without storage. This is drainage; The tiles are overlapped, and the Yin and Yang tiles are overlapped upward, so the water flows away without entering the tiles, which is structural waterproofing; The characteristic of flexible waterproof material is that the tiles are formed in sheets, row upon row, and curve with the curve of the roof; However, tiles are fired pottery products, which sound when hit and break when hit. They are really rigid materials; The tile surface is coated with porcelain glaze, and the glass is formed at high temperature. It is bright, clean, dense, colorful, and impervious to water. It is considered as waterproof material. The thick grey back under the tile can absorb a small amount of rainwater, and also has a little water seepage resistance, which is the application of the vomit type waterproof. In a word, comprehensive measures were adopted for waterproofing in ancient times.
(Qi State Trees, Double Horse Tiles)
In the rainy area in the south, the roof is waterproof with small green tiles, which are pressed up and down by about 3/4 to form a thick tile layer. It has the function of heat insulation in summer. When small green tiles are used in the south, flat wooden strips are used as rafters on the roof, and the tiles are put up in the space of the rafters, and then the small green tiles are used to raise and close one by one without plastering. The northern tile roof is paved with small green tiles on the back of the mud, and also adopts the practice of one lifting and one closing. The composite tile, which is cylindrical in the north and has a short diameter, is buckled on the joint of the overhead tile to prevent rain, and then plastered on the joint, which is very tight. In Northeast China, because of the heavy snow in winter, it is not possible to use tubular tiles, which is easy to freeze, and the plaster is easy to crumble, which has a great impact on the buildings. Therefore, small green tiles are used in those places, and all of them are raised tiles. In this way, there will be no freezing on the roof tiles, which will keep the houses for a long time. This is also the relationship between tile practice and local climate. The houses in imperial palaces, temples, Buddhist temples and landlord's manors are mostly made of glazed tiles with rich colors, which have bright luster and color.
STEP1:
The birth of the house form of "heaven and earth rooted in the Yuan Dynasty" with thatched roof enabled the ancestors to go out of caves, leave cliff dwellings, and come down from trees to build dry railing houses. In this stage, weeds were used as roof waterproof materials.
STEP2:
The birth of tile makes roof waterproof technology stride forward. It can be said that it is a great revolution in roof waterproofing. It has been used for three thousand years and has not been eliminated. It has been spread from China to Europe and the United States and has become the world roof waterproofing material. Although the material and manufacturing process have made new development, it is still in its shape. Tiles have made indelible contributions to building waterproofing.
STEP3:
The invention of flexible waterproof coiled material is a complete revolution of structural waterproof tile, which can make the roof no longer be made into a pitched roof because of structural waterproof, and promote the pitched roof to become a flat roof, and then a multi-functional roof. Waterproof coiled material and waterproof coating can be fully sealed for waterproofing, no longer relying on slope drainage, and will become the master in the future.
The ancient waterproof, on the one hand, has a long-term vision, taking into account the century old foundation, on the other hand, pay attention to the use of the natural environment and make good use of the situation. Even if there is no good waterproof material, it can also rely on lime soil, and use ingenious design and fine construction to achieve good waterproof effect. Those exquisite techniques are worth learning and using for reference.
To always be a responsible waterproof supplier is the mission of Zhongtong Waterproof. Our vision is to make buildings and water coexist harmoniously. There is a long way to go. I will explore from top to bottom. The road of enterprise development will never end. Zhongtong Waterproof will always adhere to the basic principle of legal and compliant operation, take process management as the core, and take the combination of two technologies as the means to establish an integrated management system of enterprises to support the optimal development of enterprises.
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