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Black soil is recognized as the most fertile soil in the world. "We should conscientiously summarize and promote the pear tree model, and take effective measures to effectively protect and utilize the black land, the 'giant panda in cultivated land', so that it will always benefit the people." What is the pear tree model? What changes has the pear tree model brought to the black land? Recently, the reporter from China Economic Network came to Siping City, Jilin Province to interview and explore the answer in the field.

One million mu national green food raw material (corn) standardization production base in Lishu County Wang Zhongqiang, China Economic Network

To find the answer, we must start with the land. There are three pieces of black land on the earth. Lishu County, Siping City, Jilin Province is located in this area. In the early years, due to the lack of cover, cultivation and wind erosion, the black land was degraded every year, and the cultivated layer became "thin". In recent years, in order to curb the continuous degradation of land, after years of experiments and promotion by agricultural experts, Lishu County has gradually formed a black land conservation tillage technology with straw mulching and no tillage cultivation technology as the core.

"With the pear tree model, from the perspective of farming, when the land is full of straws, it can be sown directly and completed at one time, reducing the number of work links by two-thirds. From the perspective of form, we traditionally pay attention to intensive cultivation, and now we can ignore straws." Wang Guiman, head of Lishu County Agricultural Technology Promotion Station, told China Economic Network, The pear tree model will make the black land grow better.

According to the reporter of China Economic Network, up to now, Lishu County has established 100 core bases for pear model demonstration and promotion, and 2052000 mu of cultivated land in the county has been cultivated under conservation tillage. In 2020, 133000 hectares of demonstration land will increase by more than 8% compared with conventional land, and the cost and income per hectare will be reduced by about 2920 yuan.

"Jilin Province has attached great importance to the protection and utilization of black land for a long time. Since 2015, there have been 11 pilot counties implementing black land protection and utilization in the province, with a pilot area of 2.8 million mu. At the same time, we have launched a variety of black land protection and utilization technology models suitable for different regions, and pear tree model is one of them." Lu Yan, head of the Black Land Protection Monitoring Center of Jilin Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said. It is reported that Jilin Province has constructed a protection path of "soil fixation and fertilizer conservation in the east, quality and fertilizer improvement in the middle, and fertilizer improvement in the west" by carrying out pilot exploration of black land protection technology models and working methods, and explored the formation of ten black land protection technology models, including straw mulching and returning to farmland conservation tillage, straw deep turning and returning to farmland, and water fertilizer integration technology, Continuously promote the quality of black land cultivated land.

At the same time, Jilin Province has been strengthening the protection of policies and measures. In 2015, Jilin Province formulated the Regulations on the Protection of Black Land in Jilin Province and set up the Jilin Black Land Protection Day, which was officially implemented on July 1, 2018. This is the first local regulation on black land protection in China, which fills the gap in black land protection legislation and provides scientific guidance and legal basis for the development of black land protection in Jilin Province. In 2019, Jilin Province issued the Implementation Opinions on the Implementation of the Outline of the Northeast Black Land Protection Plan (2017-2030), which proposed to fully complete the task of 62 million mu black land protection by 2030, increase the organic matter of black land soil by 2g/kg, and improve the quality of cultivated land by a grade. At the same time, the opinion also clarified specific technical measures and safeguard measures, and strengthened the responsibility of governments at all levels to protect black land.

From the traditional farming mode to the modern agricultural concept of green circulation, the pear tree model is "taking root" on the vast black land, which is exploring a new way for the continuous development of modern agriculture. "Black land should be well protected, but also well utilized. Jilin needs to ensure the production of corn, thus ensuring the food security of the country, and constantly improve the processing depth and value space of the corn industry, especially by developing the corn economy to benefit the local people. In the future, to make people rich, we need to make greater efforts in the industrial system, production system and management system, so that the pear tree model can not only protect the black land, but also achieve high grain yield and high value utilization, and ultimately become a high benefit economic model. " Said Li Beiwei, dean of the School of Management of Jilin University. (China Economic Network reporter Nian Wei, Wang Zhongqiang)