The so-called "Latin American trap" is a typical example of this: Since the mid-1950s, many Latin American countries have comprehensively promoted the process of industrialization and urbanization, and their industrial development strategies have shifted from primary product exports to import substitution industrialization; Latin American governments concentrate resources and factors, focus on and give priority to the development of infrastructure related to industrialization and urbanization, and invest heavily in manufacturing. During this period, many Latin American countries implemented industrial preferential policies at the expense of the interests of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers", and supported "infant industry", as well as a series of preferential policies to attract foreign capital to invest in manufacturing. As a result, the average annual industrial growth of these countries is more than 8%, and the average annual growth of the national economy is 6.5%. By the 1960s, the economy of Latin American countries had taken off in an all-round way. Except for a few countries, the per capita GDP of most Latin American countries had broken the US $1000 mark at one fell swoop, and some countries even reached about US $1500. In just over a decade, Latin American countries, relying on the powerful power of industrialization and urbanization, have promoted rapid economic growth and rapidly increased their per capita GDP from more than 400 US dollars to more than 1000 US dollars, which is truly a "Latin American miracle". However, behind this "Latin American miracle", there is an inevitable hidden danger that they ignore comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development. The most prominent problem is the lopsided development of economy and society, the prominent urban-rural dual contradiction, the serious unfair distribution, the serious polarization of society, and a large number of urban poor and rural migrants who have lost their land are in serious living difficulties, which has led to social unrest and political instability, as well as serious economic crisis and foreign debt crisis, leading to a sharp decline in the economic growth rate of Latin American countries, By the 1980s, per capita GDP had a negative growth of 0.9%. This is often called the "Latin American trap". (Editor in charge: Wu Xiaojuan)
