Increasing per unit area yield is the focus of grain production increase this year. At present, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has determined the road map for increasing the per unit area yield in a large area, namely, focusing on 1 year, 3 years, 5 years and 10 years. Focusing on grain and oil crops such as soybeans, corn, wheat, rape, etc., we will promote the deep integration of "five good" fields, good varieties, good opportunities, good laws, and good systems, and carry out large-scale per unit yield improvement actions in the reconstruction system of key counties. Since this year, a series of tasks have been deployed to increase the yield per unit area, focusing on wheat, soybeans, corn and rape.
Wheat: key counties reorganize the construction system to promote the increase of unit yield
Wheat is the main grain ration crop in China and an important source of farmers' production and operating income. Although China's wheat yield per unit area is at the leading level, the yield per unit area varies significantly in different regions due to factors such as planting system, cultivation mode, and rate of technology in place.
At present, most of the main wheat production areas have entered the middle and late growth stage, which is the key period of grain formation and the final pass of yield formation. On May 10, the 2024 national wheat yield improvement technology training and high-quality wheat field observation meeting was held in Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, focusing on China's wheat variety improvement, rice stubble wheat yield increase potential analysis and cultivation technology, wheat yield improvement technology path, summer grain purchase situation, etc.
Guo Wenshan, the leader of the wheat expert guidance group of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and a professor of Yangzhou University, said that in recent years, extreme weather has frequently occurred, leading to the normalization of local and regional disasters. Drought, humidity, freezing, late high temperature forced ripening, pre harvest sprouting and other stresses have occurred to varying degrees in the growing season of wheat. On the one hand, it is necessary to improve production conditions such as farmland irrigation and drainage, and improve disaster resistance, At the same time, we should also actively improve our scientific response capacity. Ning Huiming, the second level inspector of the Planting Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that the key to improving wheat yield per unit area should focus on building ten thousand mu of high-yield plots, one thousand mu of demonstration plots, and one hundred mu of key research fields, combining good varieties with good methods, and promoting a number of integrated, regional, and standardized wheat high-yield cultivation and disaster prevention and mitigation technology models by ripening in different regions.
At present, the main obstacles, yield increasing potential and key technologies of wheat growth in different regions have been identified. Compared with the previous high yield of ten thousand mu, promoting the per unit area yield improvement in the key counties' reconstruction system is to make up for weaknesses in all aspects of the whole field of cultivation and management, land planting, fertilizer and medicine, and promote balanced production in a large area by radiation.
Soybean: medicated seed dressing for disease and insect control
In recent years, soybean root rot has become more and more serious in China, and the prevention and control of root rot is a key link to promote the increase of soybean yield in a large area. On May 9, the Planting Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, together with the National Agricultural Technology Center, held a field meeting on soybean medicament seed dressing in Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province, to observe the soybean seed coating, nodule inoculum inoculation and large ridge close planting cultivation site in Jiamusi City, exchange the progress of soybean yield improvement, and arrange the key work of this year.
It was pointed out at the meeting that the "three main" integration of leading varieties, main promotion technologies and main models should be carried out as a whole, seed dressing with chemicals should be strengthened in sowing time to prevent the occurrence of diseases and pests at seedling stage, and measures to control and increase production such as seed coating, inoculation of rhizobia bacteria, large ridge close planting should be promoted according to local conditions, so as to promote the improvement of soybean seedlings and yield per unit area. First, we must prevent diseases and control pests to tap potential. Comprehensively analyze the short board problems that restrict the improvement of soybean production capacity, and combine yield increase measures such as seed coating, nodule inoculation and large ridge close planting with existing technologies to form local main or leading technologies and continuously tap the potential for yield increase. Second, we need to improve technology to increase production. Through the establishment of a demonstration area "to show the farmers and lead them", we will show the prevention and control of soybean diseases and pests and high-yield cultivation techniques, lead the popularization and application in a large area, constantly improve the delivery rate and coverage of key technologies, and promote the improvement of soybean yield per unit area. Third, we need to work together. All localities should concentrate relevant funds, integrate personnel, strengthen scientific and technological support, and ensure the implementation of various measures to improve soybean yield per unit area.
Corn: precision control technology for dense planting
Maize is the largest grain crop in China and the main grain variety with the greatest potential for yield increase. Since last year, the demonstration areas of the national maize yield improvement project have realized the improvement of maize yield in a large area by adopting precision regulation technology of dense planting, tapping the potential of variety density increase, and improving the agronomic level. The actual measurement shows that the highest yield per unit area of corn in China exceeded 1500 meters last year.
The increase in density was an important factor and significant feature of the increase in soybean and maize yield last year. This year is the second year of the implementation of the maize yield improvement project. The National Development and Reform Commission has arranged the central government to invest 4.5 billion yuan to implement 15 million mu in 12 provinces. The improvement of unit yield of maize focuses on breeding and popularizing varieties that are resistant to dense planting, lodging, and suitable for high-yield harvests, vigorously promoting high-performance seeders to improve sowing quality, and mainly promoting precision regulation and high-yield technology for dense planting.
At present, maize has sprouted in the southwest, and spring sowing in the northwest and northeast is progressing in an orderly manner. On April 24, the national corn yield improvement project promotion site meeting was held in Zhangwu County, Fuxin City, Liaoning Province. The meeting stressed that it is necessary to focus on promoting the "three high and one low" measures of high-density planting, high-quality sowing, high-efficiency fertilizer and water, low loss and disaster reduction, and promote the "three modernizations" of deepening the tilth, integrating water and fertilizer, and whole process mechanization.
Rapeseed: density increase and loss reduction are two cores
This year is the first year to implement the three-year action of increasing rape yield in a large area. The development of rape plays an important role in improving the stable and safe supply of edible vegetable oil. On March 12, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs held a national rape production promotion and pest control on-site meeting in Jingmen, Hubei Province, to observe the whole rape industry chain, such as rape science and technology transformation base, per unit yield promotion demonstration area and oil processing enterprises, and carry out special training around rape production promotion and major pests integrated control technology, and exchange the progress of rape production promotion in large areas around the country, The next key work shall be deployed.
The meeting stressed that all localities should focus on the improvement of rape yield per unit area and promote the whole system to promote the county, focus on the key links such as variety breeding, technology integration and promotion, pest control, and yield reduction, promote the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy, and ensure that the three-year action to improve rape yield per unit area starts well and gets off to a good start. On the one hand, it is necessary to accelerate the promotion and application of key technologies for increasing rape yield per unit area, and promote the application of key technologies such as straw returning, plowing and land preparation, three ditch matching, planting and fertilizing at the same time, and one promotion and four prevention to households around the two cores of increasing density and reducing loss. On the other hand, it is necessary to strengthen the implementation of responsibilities, make good use of project funds, science and technology system, expert team and other forces, and promote in one direction to ensure the implementation of key tasks and key technologies.
"One picture, one volume and one video" is clear and clear
Recently, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs organized experts to prepare technical wall charts, technical manuals and supporting videos (referred to as "one picture, one volume and one video") for large area yield improvement of wheat, corn, soybeans and rape, to promote the implementation of leading varieties, technologies and models for yield improvement. The General Office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued the Notice on Promoting and Releasing the Main Promotion Technology of 2024 Agricultural Leading Varieties, which promoted and released 150 agricultural leading varieties, 150 main promotion technologies and 10 major leading technologies, of which soybean, corn, wheat, rape and other crop varieties and yield improvement technologies accounted for more than 40%.
According to the data of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China has a great potential to increase grain yield per unit area. The average yield per mu of rice, wheat and corn in the national regional test was 600 kg, 420 kg and 650 kg respectively, 130 kg, 40 kg and 230 kg higher than the field production. The average yield of demonstration sites with a batch of high-yield technical models, such as rice side deep fertilization, wheat wide precision sowing, corn shallow burying drip irrigation, and soybean large ridge close planting, increased by more than 10%.
Last year, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs took the large-scale per unit area yield improvement as the number one project of grain production, and led by the demonstration of 100 soybean and 200 corn counties, achieved remarkable results. The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs said that the large area increase in unit yield played a prominent role in the high increase in national grain output. It is estimated that the growth rate of grain yield per unit area in the county promoted by the overall construction system for large-scale yield improvement is 8.8 percentage points higher than that in non project counties, and the contribution rate of 300 soybean and corn overall construction systems to the increase of grain yield in the county reached more than 73%. Last year, the average grain yield per mu was 389.7 kg, an increase of 2.9 kg, and the increase in unit yield contributed 58.7% to the increase in production. (China Economic Network reporter Liang Mu)
