The public joint research project ENCODE (Encyclopedia of DNA Elements), which began in 2003, aims to identify all functional components in the human genome.Early results found that most of the human genome is "junk DNA", that is, it is considered to have no biological activity.But with more in-depth research, junk DNA has been found to be useful.In 2012, ENCODE researchers reported that at least three quarters of the genome had transcribed RNA at some time.This discovery shocked scientists.Now dozens of teams have studied the activity of the human genome and found that most DNA will produce non coding RNA (ncRNA), which does not encode proteins like mRNA, but combines with other molecules to perform biochemical tasks.Most of its activities are related to gene regulation, including opening and closing genes, and fine-tuning gene activity, which may ultimately determine whether to produce proteins.This discovery is considered revolutionary and overturns the biological narrative since the discovery of DNA double helix 70 years ago - that is, DNA makes protein through mRNA.Scientists say we may have fundamentally misunderstood the nature of bioprogramming.Some ncRNAs have also been found to be possibly associated with diseases. Scientists are studying drugs targeting such ncRNAs. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/revolutionary-genetics-research-shows-rna-may-rule-our-genome/
