In recent years, serious natural disasters, such as floods and freezes, have frequently occurred in some parts of China, which not only have adverse effects on people's production and life, but also threaten the national food security. General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed many times during his inspection in the disaster area that we should speed up the improvement of the flood control engineering system and emergency management system, constantly improve the ability of disaster prevention, mitigation and relief, and put forward a series of scientific guidelines for disaster prevention and the recovery of food production capacity after the disaster.

The improvement of agricultural disaster prevention, mitigation and relief capability has an irreplaceable safeguard function in the implementation of the national food security strategy. First, farmland disaster prevention and mitigation facilities are the basic conditions to ensure stable grain production and increase production. From the practical experience of dealing with flood disasters in recent years, complete drainage and irrigation facilities can reduce the impact on food production losses when flood disasters occur, and the ability to restore food production through timely replanting and other measures after disasters will be stronger. Second, the improvement of disaster prevention and mitigation material reserves and emergency dispatching capacity will help to cope with the impact of extreme weather on food production. The reserve of agricultural means of production, such as seeds and fertilizers, is an important condition for post disaster recovery. Timely transportation of materials necessary for grain production is a necessary condition to reduce the consequences of grain production damage and quickly restore grain production capacity. Third, disaster prevention and mitigation measures can reduce food loss caused by disasters. Disaster is an important reason for food loss, so food loss reduction is an important aspect of achieving the goal of food security. The first paragraph of Article 24 of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Food Security to be implemented clearly stipulates that the State should strengthen the capacity building for disaster prevention, mitigation and relief in food production, and provide corresponding systems from the two aspects of agricultural natural disasters and biological disasters.

There is interaction between disaster prevention capability and food production. On the one hand, perfect disaster prevention and mitigation measures can ensure the stability of food production. Complete infrastructure is a necessary condition to realize technical and mechanical substitution of grain production in the context of aging agricultural labor force, which can reduce the adverse impact of disasters on grain production and ensure stable and high grain production. On the other hand, stable grain production is also more conducive to improving disaster prevention capacity. For example, grain production requires necessary irrigation and drainage conditions. In case of drought and flood disasters, drainage and irrigation facilities can timely eliminate hidden dangers and prevent secondary disasters, so as to ensure the safety of production and life, Facilities such as tractor roads to improve grain production capacity also have the function of emergency response in case of disasters. The survey found that in rural areas with relatively high rainfall, drought often leads to difficulties in production and domestic water use. The main reason is that the original rice planting area has been deserted for a long time due to the shortage of rural labor force, or the non-agricultural use of cultivated land due to the one-sided pursuit of benefits. During the rainy season, the original paddy field water storage function is weakened, and precipitation is lost with the surface. Due to the abandonment of grain production, ditches and other facilities are lack of management and protection all the year round, and the risk of collapse is increased; In the dry season, there is a shortage of surface water and thus the groundwater level drops. This phenomenon shows that there is a significant interdependence between food production and disaster prevention capacity. Disaster prevention ability affects food production, and food production can also improve disaster prevention ability in some aspects.

Disaster prevention and mitigation is a systematic project, which includes not only the construction of facilities for disaster prevention and mitigation, but also the capacity building of material reserve and emergency dispatching, as well as the mechanism building of organization and mobilization. From the perspective of disaster prevention capacity building, it includes the ability to respond to disasters quickly, self rescue, recovery, reconstruction and prevention of secondary disasters. Disaster response aimed at food security also needs to strengthen capacity-building in all aspects.

From the perspective of farmland infrastructure construction for disaster prevention and mitigation, the construction of farmland disaster prevention and mitigation capacity should be taken as an important part of high standard farmland construction and permanent basic farmland management, to prevent the construction of high standard farmland from paying one-sided attention to the expansion of land area and the improvement of soil quality, It should be recognized that the infrastructure for the use of cultivated land, especially disaster prevention facilities, is also an important part of the construction of high standard farmland, so as to effectively improve the safe, stable and efficient production capacity of cultivated land. At the same time, the remediation of abandoned land will be included in the construction of high standard farmland. The survey found that some places ignored supporting disaster prevention conditions and other infrastructure construction when solving the problem of abandoned land, which led to the restoration of abandoned land supported by financial projects, which not only led to waste of financial funds, but also failed to play its due role in improving food production capacity.

From the perspective of equipment construction for disaster prevention and mitigation, it is necessary to improve the whole process mechanization level of grain production. Practice has proved that scientific disaster response needs modern mechanical support. At present, the technical conditions for the mechanization of the whole grain production process have been met, but the development of agricultural machinery, which is also used for disaster prevention and mitigation, is relatively lagging behind. The mechanization of grain production includes not only the expansion of the types and scale of agricultural machinery applicable to the production process, but also the development of machinery and equipment for disaster prevention, mitigation and relief, as well as the improvement of agricultural machinery utilization efficiency. For example, the rational layout of mechanized grain harvesting measures and grain drying facilities can play an important role in improving the grain recovery rate when disasters occur. In addition, it is also necessary to focus on the development of multi-purpose agricultural machinery that takes into account normalization and disaster relief, so as to overcome the drawbacks of over specificity of agricultural machinery.

From the perspective of material conditions construction for disaster prevention and mitigation, the construction of disaster prevention capacity around food production needs to improve the reserve capacity of agricultural means of production such as seeds, fertilizers and grain storage and transportation capacity by means of direct financial subsidies and market regulation mechanism. Increase the emergency security of food production inputs and the support for food storage and transportation through legislative means, and clarify the rights, obligations and responsibilities of reserve subjects and each subject.

From the perspective of disaster prevention and reduction mechanism construction, the first is to strengthen the overall leadership of the Party organization on disaster prevention in grain production. The second is to improve the organization and coordination mechanism, strengthen the preparation of emergency plans before disasters, the organization and mobilization during disasters and the coordination of various relief resources, and the production and recovery after disasters. At the same time, give full play to the role of rural collective economic organizations, villagers' autonomous organizations, various social organizations and individual volunteers to enable them to participate in disaster prevention in an orderly manner. The third is to improve the interest link mechanism. The government should play the main role in the financial security of disaster prevention. The cost of disaster relief should not be passed on to food producers. It is necessary to unblock the channels and interest compensation channels for various organizations, especially grain production and operation entities, in terms of post disaster production self-help and production conditions recovery. The fourth is to improve the food production insurance mechanism, and timely settle claims for food production losses caused by disasters. Enrich the insurance types and coverage of grain production insurance, including both direct loss insurance of grain production and grain price index insurance, as well as damage insurance of grain production infrastructure, improve the risk transfer path of grain production losses due to disasters, stabilize the interests of grain producers, and ensure that grain farmers do not suffer losses.

(Ren Dapeng, Director of Agricultural and Rural Legal Research Center of China Agricultural University)