Hong Fan had eight policies, and food was the first. The food problem is not only "the biggest one of the country", but also "the concern of the people".
Entering the land of Bamin today, rice waves are heavy on the plains, tea and fruit are fragrant in the mountains, and fishing rafts are criss crossing the sea
"Now we talk about food as food, and the concept of big food has replaced the old concept of taking food as the key link", "relying on the mountain to sing folk songs, and relying on the sea to read the sea classics". As early as in his work in Fujian, Comrade Xi Jinping had deep thoughts and long-term plans on agricultural and food issues, creatively put forward and explored the concept of "big food".
For more than 30 years, Fujian cadres and masses have always kept in mind their wishes, under the scientific guidance of the big food concept, to steadily develop food production, cultivate and form characteristic industries such as livestock, fishery, fruits and vegetables, tea, edible fungi, vigorously develop facility agriculture, constantly break the limitations of food sources, and build a diversified food supply system with remarkable results.
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Concept guidance: "establish the concept of big agriculture and big food"
Ningde in the east of Fujian has many mountains and wide sea.
In June 1988, when Xi Jinping first came to Ningde as the secretary of the prefecture party committee, he went to the front line to carry out research. He was deeply impressed by the scarcity of local arable land and the abundance of mountain and sea resources.
Fujian is known as "eight mountains, one water and one farmland". For a long time, the per capita cultivated land area is less than one fourth of the national average. In the 1980s, the total amount of food was scarce, the variety was single, and the variety of agricultural products such as meat, aquatic products, vegetables and fruits was small and the output was low. Every year, a large number of grains and vegetables were transferred from other provinces.
Through extensive and in-depth research, Comrade Xi Jinping clearly proposed from the dialectical perspective of "mountain" and "sea": "If East Fujian wants to fundamentally shake off poverty and become rich, it must take a road to develop large-scale agriculture."
What is "big agriculture"?
Comrade Xi Jinping profoundly revealed its connotation: "The big agriculture is a three-dimensional agriculture developing in a multi-functional, open and comprehensive direction. It is different from the traditional, single and flat small agriculture which mainly focuses on farmland management."
Wake up the sleeping mountain and sea resources!
Comrade Xi Jinping pointed out that "to stabilize grain, we should work together to develop agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, sidelines and fishery in an all-round way".
Fujian people have a tradition of "relying on the mountain and the sea".
There are two kinds of food on the table of Mindong people for a long time: one is "sweet potato rice", which is to shred sweet potato and dry it in the sun as food; The first is large yellow croaker, a unique marine fish in China, commonly known as "yellow croaker" or "cucumber fish".
On May 8, 2024, farmers will select large yellow croaker from the fishing raft in Baiji Bay, Sanduao, Ningde City, Fujian Province. Photographed by Xinhua News Agency reporter Lin Shan
Liu Jiafu, who is over 80 years old, has a deep memory of the story of big yellow croaker.
At the end of 1988, Liu Jiafu, then the head of Ningde Aquatic Technology Promotion Station, submitted a Report on the Development of Marine Fish Culture Technology in East Fujian. The report mentioned that wild Pseudosciaena crocea is becoming increasingly endangered due to overfishing, while there are practical difficulties such as lack of technology in artificial breeding, which has aroused great concern of Comrade Xi Jinping.
To Liu Jiafu's great excitement, Comrade Xi Jinping made instructions in the report: we should concentrate resources on scientific research to tackle key problems and solve the problem that large yellow croaker cannot be farmed artificially.
"This instruction gives Fujian Pseudosciaena crocea a new opportunity," Liu Jiafu told reporters. Since then, the technology of mass breeding of large yellow croaker led by him has been successful, and the research results have gradually been extended to more farmers.
On May 8, 2024, Liu Jiafu learned about the cultivation of large yellow croaker in the National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biology Breeding located in the Science and Technology Service Center Building of Ningde City, Fujian Province. Photographed by Xinhua News Agency reporter Lin Shan
In the following decades, Ningde City has continuously increased its efforts in scientific research, gradually expanded the scale of artificial cultivation of large yellow croaker, and made breakthroughs in the breeding of new varieties and strains of large yellow croaker.
Today, "Ningde Large Yellow Croaker" is recognized as a well-known trademark in China. More than 80% of the country's large yellow croaker is produced in Ningde. It is not only a delicacy for people from all over the country, but also one of the largest marine fish varieties and advantageous export aquaculture products in China. The output value of the whole industrial chain exceeds 10 billion yuan.
Everything is leisurely, and eating is important.
On the Wushan Mountain in Fuzhou, there is a "sweet potato pavilion". This is to commemorate the deeds of Chen Zhenlong, a Fuzhou native in the Ming Dynasty.
During the Ming Dynasty, there was a severe drought in central Fujian, and the crops failed. Chen Zhenlong ventured to introduce sweet potato seedlings from Southeast Asia. After being officially promoted and planted, they made great contributions to alleviating drought and hunger. Later, this high-yield and barren tolerant crop went to the whole country through Fujian, which witnessed Fujian people's efforts to expand food sources.
In the traditional concept of taking grain as the key link, more mountains and less land is an absolute disadvantage; However, with the transformation of the concept to the perspective of the big food concept, disadvantages have become unique advantages. What can't be given by cultivated land, from the sea, from the mountains
In 2023, when General Secretary Xi Jinping inspected Guangdong, he fondly recalled: "When I worked in Fujian, I worked in the mountains and also in the coastal areas. At that time, I put forward the concept of" big food ". Meat, eggs, poultry, milk, fish, fruits, fungi, tea... These are all grains. So, although Fujian is" eight mountains, one water, one farmland ", there are many food sources."
This is a rotating disk type automatic milking equipment for dairy cows taken in Hongrui Ecological Agricultural Industrial Park, Yanping District, Nanping City, Fujian Province on May 8, 2024. Photographed by Jiang Kehong, reporter of Xinhua News Agency
During his work in Fujian, wherever he went from coastal areas to mountainous areas, from prefectures to provinces, Comrade Xi Jinping always cared about the "rice bags", "vegetable baskets" and "fruit plates" of the people:
——We will promote the development of agriculture with local characteristics. Ningde Yellow Croaker, Gutian Edible Fungus, Fu'an Tanyang Gongfu Tea, Pinghe Guanxi Honey Pomelo... The "local products" in Fujian that Comrade Xi Jinping cared about and directed can be listed in a long list.
——We will promote institutional reform and scientific and technological innovation. To guide and promote the reform of collective forest property rights system, and realize the change of "mountain forest rights, tree roots, and people's minds"; We should pay attention to the training of local talents, promote scientific and technological services to the countryside, and summarize and promote the "special mission for science and technology" system.
——Coordinate production development and ecological protection. Instruct remote mountain villages in Xiamen to plant tea trees "to develop at the foot of the mountain and wear hats on the mountain"; It is committed to solving the "contradiction of fungi" in Ningde's edible fungi industry and promoting the development of fungi technology; During the investigation in Luxia Town, Nanping, we asked "to take the road of green agriculture and ecological agriculture seriously".
——Let the masses "eat well and eat at ease". In order to solve the problem of "difficulty in eating food" of Fuzhou people, we will promote the establishment of "vegetable basket" bases in the suburbs and the planting of mountain off-season vegetables; Vigorously promote the "agricultural reform", take the lead in the country to carry out "table pollution" remediation
In 2001, Comrade Xi Jinping, who was then the deputy secretary of the CPC Fujian Provincial Committee and governor of Fujian Province, personally presided over the formulation of the Guiding Opinions of the People's Government of Fujian Province on Accelerating the Adjustment of Agricultural Structure, which implemented the concept of "big food" in the overall thinking and promoted the implementation of the concept of "big food" with powerful measures.
After working at the Central Committee, Comrade Xi Jinping's "big food concept" has been constantly enriched and developed, guiding the direction of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" work:
In 2015, the Central Rural Work Conference proposed to "establish the concept of big agriculture and big food"; In 2016, the No. 1 Document of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was written for the first time as an important part of promoting agricultural supply side structural reform.
At the 2017 Central Rural Work Conference, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "the people's food needs have become more diversified, which requires us to change our ideas and establish the concept of big agriculture and big food". At the Central Rural Work Conference in 2022, the General Secretary pointed out that "to solve the problem of food, we should not only focus on limited farmland, but also open our minds and establish a big food concept".
Ideas lead to change, and persistence will lead to success.
After more than 30 years of development, Fujian has achieved remarkable results in implementing the concept of big food. The agricultural production structure and regional layout have been continuously optimized, the agricultural products with distinctive advantages are popular in the market, and the food supply is increasingly rich and diversified.
"Stabilizing grain" is powerful: as a major grain sales area with only 0.73% of the arable land area in the country, it overfulfils the grain production tasks assigned by the state every year.
"Cultivating the sea" is well planned: aquaculture is developing rapidly, with more than 120 varieties of fish, shrimp, shellfish and other aquatic products covered in the breeding, and the per capita amount of aquatic products is more than 200 kg, ranking first in the country.
There is a market for "local specialties": the cultivated varieties of edible fungi are the largest in China, and the output of 9 varieties ranks first in China. The annual output of tea has increased from 50000 tons at the end of the 1980s to more than 500000 tons at present, with the output value and unit yield ranking top in the country.
Yu Wenquan, president of the Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said that the "big agricultural view" and the "big food view" are two sides of the same coin. The former focuses on production, while the latter focuses on people's livelihood needs. The development goal is upgraded from "having enough food" to "eating well", the consumption structure is expanded from "food" to "food", and the production resources are transformed from farmland to a broader land space.
Space expansion: "all-round and multi-channel development of food resources"
In addition to cultivated land, China has more than 4 billion mu of forest land, nearly 4 billion mu of grassland and a large number of rivers, lakes and seas.
When working in Fujian, Comrade Xi Jinping put forward the idea of "taking agriculture as a systematic project and giving full play to the overall benefits".
During the National Two Sessions in 2022, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "on the premise of protecting the ecological environment, we should expand from cultivated land resources to the entire land resources, and form a modern agricultural production structure and regional layout that is compatible with market demand and the carrying capacity of resources and environment."
For more than 30 years, Fujian has deeply practiced the concept of "big food", vigorously implemented the "mountains, seas and fields" strategy, and worked hard to build a diversified food supply system.
Having enough food is the foundation——
In the 10000 mu corn base in Dongyou Town, Jian'ou City, Nanping City, the mature corn grows luxuriantly. In more than 10 days, some of them can be picked.
This is the 10000 mu corn demonstration base photographed in Dongyou Town, Jian'ou City, Nanping City, Fujian Province on May 8, 2024. Photographed by Jiang Kehong, reporter of Xinhua News Agency
Lin Wujun, secretary of the Party Committee of Dongyou Town, said that this is a fresh corn variety developed by Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences. It not only tastes good, but also has been on the market for a long time, which is popular in the market. With the support of the local government, the base has established a complete industrial chain of factory seedling raising, processing, straw recycling, etc., further improving efficiency and reducing planting costs, and the net profit of farmers per mu per quarter has reached 3000 yuan.
The development of modern corn industry in Dongyou Town is a microcosm of Fujian's practice of the concept of big food. As a major grain sales area, Fujian strives to shoulder the responsibility for food security, implement the shared responsibility of the Party and the government for food security, stabilize grain and benefit farmers with "real gold and silver", build more than 10 million mu of high standard farmland, and achieve "three growth" in grain production area, output and unit yield by 2023.
Scientific development, asking for food from the forest——
The vast forests not only make Fujian the most "green" province in China, but also contain huge productivity, which can provide woody grain, woody oil plants, vegetables, mushrooms, animal protein, etc.
During his work in Fujian, Comrade Xi Jinping proposed that "forest is a reservoir, a treasury and a grain depot", which provides clear guidance for the scientific development of forest food resources.
"Tasting fresh food is always accompanied by spring bamboo shoots". Braised spring bamboo shoots, stir fried sweet bamboo shoots, bamboo shoots with pig feet... In the vast bamboo sea, the production of fresh bamboo shoots is not closed all the year round.
"Compared with the fiber rich spring bamboo shoots, this winter bamboo shoots harvested in the peach blossom season are beautiful in color and more tender in taste. We also use the newly developed rapid freezing technology to let consumers eat 'fresh bamboo shoots' with better taste all the year round." Zhao Yiping, general manager of Sanming Jiye Food Co., Ltd., told reporters.
On May 9, 2024, staff of Jiye Food Co., Ltd. in Sanming City, Fujian Province were tasting bamboo shoots. Photographed by Jiang Kehong, reporter of Xinhua News Agency
In 2002, Zhao Yiping took a fancy to the bamboo resources here and came to Sanming, Fujian Province from Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province to invest and build a factory.
"When we first came here, there was no way to get into the mountain. Now, there are expressways here. We have developed more than 40 kinds of bamboo shoots and sold them to other provinces and foreign markets," he said.
The bamboo forest is swaying and the forest fruit is fragrant.
The space under the forest is the second "farmland" of Fujian people. Fujian has made full use of the three-dimensional space of forests to develop the under forest economy, forming a series of forest foods such as forest fungi, forest medicine, forest bees, forest birds, forest oil, forest grain, and forest fruits, and creating a natural "green food factory". In 2023, the under forest economic utilization area of the province will exceed 30 million mu, and the output value will exceed 80 billion yuan.
Cultivate the sea, herd and fish, and ask for food from rivers, lakes and seas——
Fujian has a sea area of 136000 square kilometers, 125 bays and over 2200 islands. The blue sea is a "marine granary" that contains rich marine products and high-quality protein.
During his work in Fujian, Comrade Xi Jinping proposed that we should "attach importance to the sea area as much as we attach importance to arable land, and focus on marine development as we attach importance to food production, and extend the tentacles of accelerating economic development from land to the sea".
Under the guidance and promotion of Comrade Xi Jinping, Fujian has actively built marine ranches, promoted the revitalization of aquatic seed industry, accelerated the development of fishery industry, and worked hard to ensure food security through marine development.
In the Dinghai Bay area of Lianjiang, Fujian, there are deep and offshore aquaculture platforms such as "Mintou No.1", "Qiandong No.1" and "Dinghai Bay No.1". From a high altitude, steel platforms the size of basketball courts lie on the sea, and farmed products such as large yellow croaker "swim and live" in the deep sea.
In the Dinghai Bay area of Lianjiang, Fujian Province, there are deep and offshore aquaculture platforms such as "Dinghai Bay No. 1" and "Dinghai Bay No. 2" (taken on May 7, 2024, UAV photo). Photographed by Xinhua News Agency reporter Lin Shan
At the "Dinghaiwan No.1" deep sea aquaculture platform, the staff can monitor the pH value of seawater and other data at any time through the monitoring system installed underwater to observe the growth of the fish.
Lu Tonghui, the person in charge of the platform, said that the total area of the platform is nearly 2000 square meters. The deep sea water where the platform is located has better quality, faster flow and larger space. The meat quality and taste of cultured large yellow croaker are close to the wild, and the retail price is higher than that of traditional cultured large yellow croaker.
In April 2023, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out during his investigation in Guangdong that "to carry out deep-sea aquaculture and improve the" seed work "of fisheries can play a very important role as a ballast for our food security."
Today, not only the large yellow croaker, dozens of new national approved aquatic varieties such as "Dongyou No.1", "Xipanbao" and "Lvpanbao", but also nearly a hundred high yield and stress resistant new aquatic varieties such as "Fuchen No.1" have achieved breakthroughs, and the coverage of improved varieties of major aquaculture varieties has risen significantly, providing strong support for industrial development.
This is a picture taken on January 11, 2024 of the marine aquaculture area (UAV) in Xiapu County, Ningde City, Fujian Province. Photographed by Jiang Kehong, reporter of Xinhua News Agency
According to the person in charge of Fujian Provincial Oceanic and Fishery Administration, the output of mariculture in Fujian Province will be nearly 5.8 million tons in 2023, ranking the second in China. Among them, the output value of large yellow croaker fry has reached 237 million yuan, that of abalone fry has exceeded 2.8 billion yuan, that of oyster fry has reached 444 million yuan, and that of sea cucumber has exceeded 10 billion yuan annually.
Eat well and eat healthily——
The recipes of Fujian people today are more abundant, scientific and reasonable than ever before. In 2023, the output of meat, eggs and milk in the province will exceed 4 million tons for the first time, and the total output of aquatic products will be about 8.9 million tons.
"Safety on the tip of the tongue" should not be lost. When working in Fujian, Comrade Xi Jinping made systematic and overall instructions on the treatment of "table pollution". Fujian has also become the first province in China to tackle "table pollution".
Freshness test, biosafety project test, safety risk project test... dozens of machines are running in the safety assurance test room of Fujian Changfu Dairy Co., Ltd. Each milk product must pass dozens of tests before leaving the factory. After leaving the factory, it is traceable, traceable and supervised.
On May 8, 2024, the staff of Fujian Changfu Dairy Products Co., Ltd. was conducting microbial test on dairy products. Photographed by Jiang Kehong, reporter of Xinhua News Agency
In recent years, the overall qualification rate of sampling inspection for major agricultural products, aquatic products from the origin, and processed food in Fujian Province has remained above 98%, and the food safety situation is stable and improving.
Starting from better meeting the people's needs for a better life, conforming to the changing trend of the people's food structure, and making people eat fully, well and healthily is the starting point and end point of establishing the concept of big food.
High quality development: "improving the level of agricultural industrialization"
At Yiyuan Marine Food Co., Ltd. in Ningde City, the reporter saw that the workers were busy with processing links such as kelp sorting and tying. In the finished product exhibition area, kelp seedlings, instant kelp, dried kelp and other products are dazzling.
According to Su Shaohua, the person in charge of the company, in recent years, the market has a strong demand for kelp, especially kelp seedlings. Farmers have innovated planting methods, cutting off some kelp seedlings in the process of kelp growth, and the other part continues to grow into kelp. Through the coordinated development of production, supply and marketing, the annual output value of the company has exceeded 100 million yuan, which has driven the surrounding farmers to increase their income and become rich.
"Eating is not just about food consumption, but meat, eggs, milk, fruits, vegetables, fish, mushrooms and bamboo shoots." General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out profoundly at the 2022 Central Rural Work Conference.
In March of this year, General Secretary Xi Jinping further emphasized on adhering to the concept of "big agriculture" and "big food", actively developing characteristic agriculture and agricultural product processing industry, and improving the level of agricultural industrialization during his inspection in Hunan.
In Tiantianyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd. in Daqiao Town, Gutian County, Ningde City, clusters of plump, round white tremella grow quietly in the environment of precise temperature and humidity control in the mushroom rooms of factory production, and can be listed in more than 40 days.
On May 10, 2024, in Gutian County, Ningde City, Fujian Province, the staff of a food company was selecting to clean tremella. Photographed by Xinhua News Agency reporter Lin Shan
"We will study the varieties according to the market demand. For example, flake tremella products need varieties with more ear pieces and smaller pedicles, while ready to eat tremella soup needs varieties with more polysaccharide content, we will accurately research and develop according to the demand." said Sun Shujing, president of the Institute of Bacteriology of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (Gutian).
Adhere to market orientation and promote coordinated development of agricultural production, supply and marketing around demand——
During his work in Fujian, Comrade Xi Jinping pointed out that the comprehensive agricultural development in eastern Fujian, fundamentally speaking, is to seek a broad position for large-scale agriculture, which is the multi-level development of agriculture; The second is to pursue the economic benefits of large-scale agriculture, which is to advance to the deep level of agriculture.
"In which direction is the agricultural structure adjusted? Market demand is the navigation light, and resource endowment is the locator." At the 2014 Central Economic Work Conference, General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed.
At the Central Rural Work Conference held at the end of 2017, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "to take the road of quality agriculture, we should highlight the greening, quality, characteristics and branding of agriculture."
At the Central Rural Work Conference in 2022, the General Secretary stressed that the three words "local specialties" should be thoroughly understood. "Soil" refers to the development of local resources based on local water and soil. "Special" focuses on highlighting regional characteristics and reflecting local customs. "Industry" is about building industries and forming clusters.
What farmers grow and raise, follow the market; Extending the industrial chain of agricultural products and developing the processing of agricultural products... Over the years, Fujian has accelerated the integrated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries, promoted the upgrading of the whole chain of rural industries, and enhanced its market competitiveness and sustainable development ability by relying on agricultural and rural characteristic resources.
During his work in Ningde, Comrade Xi Jinping visited the ancient tea village of Tanyang Village, Shekou Town, Fu'an for many times to investigate and ask the local government to grade tea according to local conditions, plant tea in a large scale, manage scientifically, create a brand, and personally guide the improvement of tea varieties and improve tea quality.
On May 9, 2024, in Zhuyang Village, Xiping Town, Anxi County, Fujian Province, the Special Commissioner for Science and Technology (middle) is guiding tea farmers to use machines to harvest tea scientifically. Photographed by Wei Peiquan, reporter of Xinhua News Agency
Over the past 30 years, there have been more tea plantations on the mountain, and family farms are thriving. Tanyang Tea Farm of Fu'an Agricultural Reclamation Group, which has a long history, has continuously inherited, developed and improved tea making equipment and technology. Children use this place as a research base to experience tea making; Young people taste all kinds of tea in the nearby milk tea shop.
"Big food" has grown into a "big industry", constantly meeting people's needs for a better life.
In recent years, Fujian has implemented the high-quality development project of characteristic modern agriculture to create characteristic industrial clusters such as "one village, one product", strong towns of agricultural industry, modern agricultural industrial parks, and advantageous characteristic industrial clusters. The province has been approved to use more than 3000 special geographical indications, ranking first in the country.
Adhere to scientific and technological support, focus on bottlenecks and promote key core technology tackling——
"The situation of eastern Fujian with a large population and less land and relatively insufficient natural resources determines that our agricultural development must take science and technology as a basic policy". During his work in Fujian, Comrade Xi Jinping attached great importance to the issue of revitalizing agriculture through science and technology.
At the Central Rural Work Conference in 2020, General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed that "we should adhere to the principle of self-reliance in agricultural science and technology, and accelerate the tackling of key agricultural core technologies". At the Central Rural Work Conference in 2022, the General Secretary further pointed out that the key to building a strong agricultural country lies in science and technology and reform.
Walking in the land of Bamin, you can feel the power of agricultural science and technology everywhere.
Look at the seeds: At the Wannong High tech Seed Industry Research Base in Langqi Town, Mawei District, Fuzhou, the selection and improvement of black, yellow, white and colored sweet waxy corn has been accelerated, and consumers' sense of happiness has been constantly satisfied; In the National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biology Breeding in Jiaocheng District, Ningde, the application of genome breeding chips has significantly improved the breeding efficiency of fine varieties such as large yellow croaker and abalone.
Look at the equipment: In Xiaocheng Town, Lianjiang County, Fuzhou City, in the vast sea, the "Dinghai Bay No. 2" breeding platform is wide and stable. It will be put into use in 2021, and the cage will be 17 meters deep, which can withstand a typhoon of level 15; In Xianghuan Village, Saiqi Town, Fu'an City, in the 10000 mu facility grape industrial park in the green mountains, white and translucent "continuous umbrellas" are orderly. This kind of rain shelter cultivation method can solve many problems in rainy climate, reduce the spread of diseases, reduce the use of pesticides by 70%, save chemical fertilizers, and improve quality.
Results: In recent years, Fujian has built more than 2 million mu of facility agriculture, effectively expanding the space for agricultural production, and gradually moving from "eating from the sky" to "knowing the sky and working". For more than 20 years, the "special envoys of science and technology" have written papers on the earth, brought modern agricultural science and technology to the field, trained traditional farmers into "field scholars" and "local experts", and the system of special envoys of science and technology has moved from Fujian to the whole country.
Practicing the concept of "big agriculture" and "big food" is a national development plan, connecting the people's livelihood of thousands of households, a change of concept, expansion of space, mining of resources, and a vivid practice of transformation and upgrading of modern agricultural industry and building an agricultural power.
Looking forward to the future, the implementation of the big food concept has broad prospects and unlimited potential.
