Original title: "Universal Sports" of Rope Skipping Being Neglected

Rope skipping has a history of thousands of years in China. Because of its diversified and comprehensive functions, after continuous innovation and development, it is now not only a popular sport, but also the basis of physical training for almost all professional sports, so it is also called "universal sport".

1. Popular games with a history of thousands of years

Rope skipping has a long history in China. The germination of primitive sports is inseparable from the daily production and labor, and rope skipping is no exception. In ancient times, the rope used to jump rope was called "rope". It was woven by the ancients. In the process of weaving rope, people usually had some leaping movements. These subconscious behaviors attracted lively and active children. They used short ropes to imitate repeatedly, and gradually found out some simple ways to jump rope as a game, So the activity of rope skipping came into being.

There are different opinions on the clear origin of rope skipping. The earliest historical data is the rope skipping picture on the Han Dynasty stone reliefs, which proves that rope skipping activities had already taken place at that time. The documentary records can be traced back to the Northern Qi Dynasty. There is an interesting record in the Book of the Northern Qi Dynasty · Childhood Leader History written by Li Baiyao, "The playboy likes to hold the rope with both hands, brush the ground and go up, jump and sing," Gao end ". The words of Gao end cover the end of the Gao family's reign." The emperor of the Northern Qi Dynasty, Gao surname, "Gao end" refers to the death of Qi. This book was recorded by the author as a prophecy, but it left us the earliest written record of children jumping rope.

Jingchu Suishiji is a book compiled by Liang Zongmian in the Southern Dynasty to record the customs of Jingchu Suishiji, and it is also the earliest monograph that has been preserved in China to record the ancient times. There is a record of "Feibaisuo". "On the 16th day of the first month, a group of children made a long promise, and the two of them held each other. The flying swing was uncertain, and if the group did not know what to do, they would jump on their moving wheels, and the one who could pass would win." The "Feibaisuo" here is the later rope skipping game.

After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there were records of rope skipping in all dynasties. In the Tang Dynasty, rope skipping was called "Tousuo". For example, Duan Chengshi's "Youyang Zazu" in the Tang Dynasty: "Borojab, wearing a dog's head and a monkey's face, men and women sing and dance day and night. On August 15, walking figures and Tousuo are plays." It can be seen that in the Tang Dynasty, there was not only a game of jumping through the rope, but also named it "Tousuo", which can be used as a recreational activity during festivals. In the Song Dynasty, "Tousuo" was renamed "Tiaosuo", which is more similar to the name of modern rope skipping. It is recorded in the Commentary of Elder Meng of the Song Dynasty, "The Record of Dreams in Tokyo", that "all kinds of plays are like climbing pole, jumping rope, standing upside down and bending waist to play", "all kinds of plays are like" Chunong "," Tiaosuo ", sumo wrestling, drumbeating, singing and cockfighting". These records describe the life and entertainment of people in Kaifeng, the capital city of the Northern Song Dynasty. At that time, there were various acrobatic activities for people to enjoy. "Tiaosuo" was one of them, In ancient times, it was classified as a variety show, so it often performed together with other entertainment activities, with high skills.

In the Liao Tomb unearthed in Xuanhua, Hebei Province, China, archaeologists found a "baby rope skipping picture" on the semi-circular wall in the back room, where three children were playing rope skipping. Two children on the left and right bent their legs, and swung a long rope with force. A shirtless child in the middle bent his knees and opened his arms, jumping briskly, and the composition was exquisite. This shows that children's rope skipping was also popular in Liao Dynasty.

After entering the Ming Dynasty, rope skipping gradually became a folk custom. Every festival, people have rope skipping activities, and there is a game of multi person round jumping.

In 1593, Shen Bang's "Wanshu Miscellaneous Records" recorded that "a long rope was allowed to run by ten feet, and the two boys were holding each other. It was difficult to stare at them, and if they were indifferent, it would be a rope. When they were moving, the group jumped on the wheel, and the one who could pass would win. Otherwise, it was ruled by the rope, and the one who listened to the rope would be punished by hitting it with the rope. It was called" Jumping Baisuo ". It was recorded in" A Brief Introduction to Imperial Scenery "that" the New Year's Eve (Lantern Festival) The Second Boy's quotation is slightly like a white light wheel. A boy jumped in the light and said, "Jump Baisuo." The reason why it is called "jumping 100 ropes" or "jumping white ropes", some scholars believe that this is because rope jumpers swing ropes very fast, and onlookers seem to see hundreds of ropes swinging at the same time.

After the Tang Dynasty, rope skipping performances were performed every festival, especially in the Qing Dynasty. At that time, the entertainment of this sport was fully demonstrated. When children dance Paso, they often use rhythmic songs to accompany them. For example, Pan Rong His Majesty recorded the folk entertainment activities of the Beijing Lantern Festival in the Qing Dynasty in "The Emperor's Triumph at the Age of the Year · Miscellaneous Dramas at the Age of the Year", which includes: "riding a bamboo horse, catching butterflies, dancing baisuo, and hiding children." "The Songfeng Pavilion Poetry Transcript" records that "white light is like a round dance with children, one child dances with children, one child sings with children, and one child jumps into the light wheel." There are also records of women dancing baisuo in the Qing Dynasty, For example, according to the Annals of Leling County, Economic System and Customs of the Qing Dynasty, "During the Lantern Festival, women played rope skipping, which was called 'Jumping Baisuo'." The beneficial game illustration of the Qing Dynasty also wrote about the game of rope skipping: "With six feet of hemp rope, holding both ends of the rope, you can make the rope swing from head to foot, and turn and jump, which is called rope flying." These records fully show the happy scene when people jump rope.

The rope skipping movement has lasted for thousands of years in China. By the time of the Republic of China, the name "rope skipping" really appeared. In 1939, there was also a personal performance of rope skipping at the National Sports Show held in Fujian Province. Not only that, rope skipping activities also appeared in school physical education classes or extracurricular activities at that time.

2. It is very popular all over the world

It is recorded abroad that rope skipping originated in Egypt in the 17th century, and later spread to Europe and America.

Founded in 1996, the International Rope Skipping Alliance is the most authoritative and most complete worldwide rope skipping organization today. It organizes various worldwide rope skipping competitions, strengthens exchanges between countries and regions, and promotes the continuous development of rope skipping. In addition, many countries have also established national rope skipping organizations to organize competitions and manage their own rope skipping sports. Canada, the United States, Australia and other developed countries have appeared many rope skipping clubs, with more than 500 well-known ones. There are many "rope skipping workshops" in Japan, and more than 50 rope skipping clubs in South Korea. These places have full-time coaches to teach and guide people to learn rope skipping technology. Some national television stations and websites also have special rope skipping columns.

In Asia, rope skipping in Japan is very active, almost a national fitness campaign. Japan has not only a national rope skipping alliance, but also branches in all cities, roads and counties. The Japanese Rope Skipping Alliance has formulated a unified scoring standard according to the difficulty of various rope skipping technical movements, for example, a single swing jump can get 1 point; 3 points will be given for the positive rocking weaving dance; 10 points can be obtained for positive double jump; 15 points for anti double jump; You can get 40 points for a triple jump. In short, the higher the technical difficulty, the more scores.

Japan has also established a unique and perfect rope skipping system, with levels and ranks. The level is divided into 40 levels. Those who reach the highest level can challenge the rank; The rank is divided into ten paragraphs. Beyond the ten paragraphs, there are higher goals - celebrities, rope king and rope heart. In addition, there is a set of perfect grading system and technical requirements for referees. In addition to holding the national rope skipping championship regularly every year, Japan also regularly conducts qualification tests and competitions for grading into sections.

In 2014, the Ministry of Education of China officially listed 1 minute rope skipping as a fixed item for primary school students in the National Student Physical Health Standards. So far, this ancient sport has been revitalized in China. Skipping rope has become a compulsory course for children since they started school, which will surely add a touch of unforgettable color to their childhood.

3. Simple and easy weight loss weapon

Rope skipping does not need too much equipment. It is a popular sports event with high safety coefficient, relatively low economic investment, and easy to learn. But it is also because of this that skipping is often overlooked, even underestimated, and it is difficult to be seen as elegant. In fact, rope skipping is considered by many medical experts to be a "universal exercise" and "the most perfect health exercise".

First, rope skipping is a sport that consumes less time and energy. Research shows that maintaining the speed of 150 times per minute and fast rope skipping for 10 minutes consumes energy equivalent to jogging for 23 minutes, which can burn 600 to 1000 calories per hour. Sticking to rope skipping can eliminate excess fat in buttocks and thighs, making the body more healthy and the movement more agile.

Secondly, skipping can strengthen the brain, which has scientific basis. Because the body and limbs are controlled by the brain, when people jump rope, the lower limbs of the body mainly bounce, the arms swing at the same time, the waist twists with the activities of the upper and lower limbs, and the abdominal muscles contract to help lift the legs. In less than a second, the rope must pass from head to foot once or several times. This instantaneous action of hand and foot combined with the whole body must be completed under the command and coordination of the central nervous system of the brain. At the same time, when jumping rope, breathing deepened, and all the muscles related to breathing in the chest, back and abdomen participated in the activity. Compared with the training of the central nervous system of the brain, rope skipping is more positive than simple running, jumping, throwing and kicking. As a result, rope skipping can increase the vitality of brain nerve cells, improve thinking ability, and significantly improve people's reaction ability, attention, flexibility, etc.

Finally, rope skipping can promote the growth of teenagers. Teenagers are in an important period of growth and development. In addition to heredity, nutrition, lifestyle and other factors, physical exercise is the key to promoting physical development, and rope skipping has unique advantages in this regard. Adhering to rope skipping can accelerate bone growth and development, help improve adolescent bone health, and play a positive role in improving adolescent physical health.

In addition, according to the research of medical and kinematic experts, long-term adherence to rope skipping can enhance the cardiopulmonary function, speed up blood circulation, improve oxygen delivery capacity, exercise the cardiovascular system, and effectively prevent heart disease, hypertension and other diseases. Therefore, rope skipping is not common in all countries in the world. The "Jumping rope to strengthen your heart" movement began in Canada, where the slogan was "For your heart, jump rope!". The Canadian Health Entertainment Dance Association also listed rope skipping as an "excellent daily physical exercise project", which, after careful organization, is used as a sports teaching project for students throughout the school year. In 1984, the United States learned from Canada's experience and released the "Heart Beating Movement", which later became popular in Europe. Heart associations in the United States, Australia, Britain and other places also sponsored the establishment of some schools based on rope skipping. In 2002, the United States also released news that in order to reduce the federal government's huge investment in heart disease treatment, it will implement a "personal fitness plan for American citizens" nationwide. The first item of this plan is rope skipping.

Many countries in the world have listed rope skipping as an official event in their national games. The European Rope Skipping Organization will hold the "European Rope Skipping

Continental Rope Skipping Championships ". Every September 29 is the "World Heart Day". Many countries also hold national rope skipping activities on this day, and some countries even designate this day as the "National Rope Skipping Competition Day".

4. Sports competition of "playing flowers"

With the development of society, rope skipping is no longer just a mass sports fitness sport, but also has developed into a world sports event, truly "playing for flowers".

Europe, America and other countries began to design synchronized rope skipping, making it a competitive sports event integrating fitness, entertainment, competition and watching. It overcame the shortcomings of traditional rope skipping, which was monotonous and boring. With rich sports forms and good fitness effects, it was highly praised by medical and fitness experts, It will be popularized and promoted all over the world through various events.

Figure skipping is a newly emerging fashion sport, which integrates timing, speed counting and pattern skills. It is not only diversified in its external form of expression, but also separated from the category of "sports games" in essence, and has developed into an organized world sports event and competition.

The figure skipping consists of two elements: "shake" and "jump". The "shake" action has diversity in the direction of the rope shaking, the number of shaking circles, the position of the arm and other changes. The "jump" action has diversity in the changes of its steps, rotation and other actions, which makes the figure skipping show a variety of patterns and changes in its movement content and form. The exercise amount and intensity of figure skipping can be freely controlled according to the actual situation. The equipment is simple and safe to operate, and even if the action fails, it will not cause accidental injury to the human body.

In China, Xi'an is the hometown of rope skipping, and synchronized rope skipping is a national specialty. Hu Anmin, a native of Sanqin, known as the "King of Rope in China", benefited from his ancestors' unique skills, and has held many training courses at home and abroad, cultivating tens of thousands of rope skipping enthusiasts. At present, Xi'an figure skipping has become an intangible cultural heritage project in Shaanxi Province.

Synchronized rope skipping integrates various sports elements such as gymnastics, martial arts, boxing, hip-hop dance, and has great value in watching and competitive sports. Its strength, speed, difficulty, and teamwork skills can bring great visual impact and enjoyment to the audience. In many European, American and Asian countries, synchronized rope skipping has been listed as the official event of the national games. At the same time, there are also perfect technical requirements and grading system for referees.

Last year, three Shanghai students challenged the Guinness World Record for the most interactive rope skipping in 30 seconds, and finally broke the record with 143 results. This program was spread on the Internet for a long time at that time, and many people's first reaction after watching it was that "their feet are as fast as if they are equipped with motors." This is the charm of the interactive rope, which is the most entertaining and ornamental among many synchronized rope skipping. It not only integrates various classical and popular elements such as gymnastics, strength, dance, footwork, etc., but also combines music to make simple rope skipping interaction very dynamic. Because of its changeability and flexibility, it has been loved by the public for many years.

Health Lecture

Do you want to lose weight by jumping continuously

Rope skipping is a good exercise to lose weight. As an aerobic exercise, it requires more than 30 minutes of exercise time to achieve the desired effect.

When some people skip rope to lose weight, they always have a question, do they have to jump continuously to lose weight? If the time is not continuous, or if you jump every few days, is there any effect of losing weight? Experts said that the time of rope skipping is generally 30 minutes, because aerobic exercise needs a period of time to achieve the purpose of exercise, but the time should not be too long, or it will damage your health. The beginners may start to pant after they can't hold on for 2 minutes, so they can do it step by step. It is suggested that they stick to exhaustion every time, exercise for 10 to 15 minutes accumulatively, and keep training every other day to achieve a good goal of burning fat.

Skipping rope to lose weight should be continuous, and the weight loss effect will be good. But it is not that people are required to jump rope for half an hour without rest, but that they should jump rope for half an hour every day, which can be divided into several times. Jumping every day can continue to lose excess weight or keep fit.

Who is not suitable for rope skipping

Although rope skipping is known as "the most perfect health exercise", any exercise has its own adaptation to the crowd. So, who is not suitable for this sport?

First, people who are overweight. Because they will put too much pressure on their knees when jumping, and overweight people have high fat content. A lot of fat will harm their bodies. Therefore, generally heavy people are not suitable for rope skipping. This kind of people suggest swimming, brisk walking and other more moderate aerobic exercises for fitness exercise.

Secondly, the old knee injury is not healed. Because the body puts too much pressure on the knee when both feet fall to the ground, the knee is injured and is not suitable for rope skipping.

Third, the elderly, osteoporosis. Because the long-term jumping exercise has great pressure on the knee, not only rope skipping, but also long-distance running and mountaineering are not suitable for the elderly, osteoporotic, herniated intervertebral disc or other people with lumbar diseases. However, rope skipping in turn can promote bone cell metabolism and avoid osteoporosis, but do not jump after suffering from osteoporosis for the time being.

Finally, patients with varicose veins and arthropathy. Because the venous pressure of varicose patients is too high, and rope skipping is the main force in the lower limbs. Repeated jumping movements are likely to cause swelling of the lower limbs, leading to deterioration of the disease. Teachers, salesmen, nurses and other people who need to work on their feet for a long time are all people with a high risk of varicose veins. Therefore, these people should go to the hospital for relevant examinations first, and then do rope skipping after concluding that they are not ill.

In addition, do not jump rope when you are full. At this time, the food in the stomach has not been digested yet, and a large amount of blood is gathered in the digestive system. Severe exercise will affect digestion, causing abdominal pain, which is easy to cause stomach diseases for a long time. (Lin Lin)