China Weather News At present, most of the winter wheat in the north is in the milk filling stage, rape in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is in the mature harvest stage, and most of the winter wheat and rape harvest in the southwest is nearing the end. It is expected that during the summer harvest and planting this year, the weather will be good for most of the time, which is conducive to the summer harvest and planting. The Central Meteorological Station predicts that the summer harvest area will be dominated by sunny weather during most of the period from May 22 to 24, which is suitable for winter wheat and rape harvesting; In the west of Jianghuai River and the west of Sichuan Basin, mature winter wheat and rape should be harvested in a rush way to avoid the precipitation period.

1、 Progress of Summer Harvest and Summer Seed

At present, most of the winter wheat and rape harvests in the southwest are coming to an end, and most of the rape in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are in the mature harvest stage, and some of them have been harvested. As of May 20, Guizhou has harvested over 80% of wheat and 90% of rape; The rape harvest in Sichuan has reached 80%; In Chongqing, 90% of wheat and 90% of rape were harvested; In Hubei, 50% of wheat and 90% of rape have been harvested; Hunan and Jiangxi rape harvest departments are in the final stage.

2、 Outlook for Summer Harvest and Summer Seed

（1） Prediction of winter wheat maturity

It is estimated that the mature harvest time of winter wheat in most parts of Jianghuai River, northern Jianghan River and southern Henan Province will be concentrated in late May; Winter wheat in central and southern Shandong, central and northern Henan, southern Shaanxi Guanzhong, northern Jiangsu and northern Anhui will mature in the first ten days of June; South central Xinjiang, northern Shaanxi Guanzhong, eastern Shandong and most of North China will mature in mid June; Some areas in northern Xinjiang, northern Shaanxi and eastern Gansu will mature in late June; Northern Xinjiang, southern Ningxia, Gansu, Longzhong and Tibet will mature in July (Figure 1).

Figure 1 2024 Winter Wheat Maturity Forecast

（2） Forecast of Meteorological Conditions for Summer Harvest from Late May to June

It is expected that during the summer harvest and summer planting this year, the weather conditions are good in most of the time, which is conducive to the development of summer harvest and summer planting. It is expected that in the next 10 days, most of the northern winter wheat area will have sunny weather, and the soil moisture is suitable or slightly deficient, which is conducive to the maturity of winter wheat; From 22nd to 24th, dry and hot wind weather will appear in southern North China, Huanghuai River and Guanzhong of Shaanxi, affecting wheat filling; The precipitation in the south was weak in the early stage and strengthened in the later stage. On 26-27, there were moderate to heavy rain and local rainstorm in Jianghuai, Jianghan, Jiangnan and other places, and the summer harvest operation would be temporarily blocked. It is estimated that in June, the temperature in most of the northwest, north China and Huang Huai winter wheat regions is close to the same period of the year or slightly higher, and the precipitation in most of the regions is close to the year or slightly less, of which the eastern Hebei, Shandong and other places are 20% to 50% less, and the meteorological conditions are generally conducive to winter wheat harvesting and drying; However, due to the high temperature in Hebei, Shandong and other places, attention should be paid to the adverse effects of dry and hot wind weather. In addition, high temperature and little rain may lead to moisture deviation in some areas, which is unfavorable for summer planting.

（3） Weather Outlook for Summer Harvest and Summer Seeding on May 22-24

It is estimated that there will be light rain in southern Anhui, eastern Hubei and other places on 22-23 days, which is not conducive to the harvest of winter wheat and rape, and the meteorological grade of summer harvest is sub appropriate (Figure 2); The rest of the summer harvest areas have sunny weather, which is conducive to the machine harvest operation. The weather level of summer harvest is appropriate.

Figure 2 Weather Forecast for Summer Harvest Agriculture on May 22-23, 2024

It is estimated that on the 24th, there will be moderate rain in the northwest of Sichuan Basin, southwest of Shaanxi and other places, and there will be short-term heavy rainfall in some areas, which is not conducive to machine harvesting operations and the drying of harvested crops, and the summer harvest meteorological grade is not suitable (Figure 3); The rainfall in southern Anhui, eastern Hubei and other places is relatively small, and the summer harvest meteorological grade is sub appropriate; The meteorological grade of summer harvest in other areas is appropriate.

Figure 3 Weather Forecast for Summer Harvest Agriculture on May 24, 2024

3、 Suggestions on agricultural production

Winter wheat areas in the north will gradually enter the mature period. All regions should do a good job of "one spray and three prevention". Small water can be used for fine irrigation in areas with serious soil moisture shortage to prevent or reduce the harm of dry and hot wind, promote adequate wheat grouting, and improve 1000 grain weight. In the eastern part of southwest China, Jianghan, and the western part of the Yangtze Huaihe River, mature winter wheat and rape should be harvested in a timely manner under favorable weather conditions, and well aired and ventilated for storage to prevent germination and mildew. In the southern part of the Yellow River and Huaihe River and the eastern part of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River, agricultural machinery scheduling should be done well, machine harvest time should be reasonably arranged, and summer harvest should be orderly promoted. In addition, all regions need to take precautions against strong convection weather such as strong wind and short-term heavy rainfall.

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