The development of new energy storage industry is accelerated

2024-05-22 09:26 Author: Ding Yiting, Zhang Weixiong People's Daily Editor in charge: Chen Wei

Summary: Yu Jianbing took a photo of Foshan, Guangdong Province. Nine lithium battery technology routes competed on the same platform at Baotang Energy Storage Power Station, with the installed capacity accounting for about 1/5 of the total new energy storage in the Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area; Hubei Yingcheng, the world's first (set) 300 megawatt compressed air energy storage power station, is connected to the grid, using the abandoned salt cavern as the gas storage, and the electricity stored in a single time can supply power for a small and medium-sized city for 5 hours continuously;

The newly increased installed capacity in 2023 will be nearly 10 times of that at the end of the 13th Five Year Plan——

The pace of development of new energy storage industry is accelerated (industry economy observation, new quality productivity from emerging industries)

In Foshan, Guangdong Province, nine lithium battery technology routes competed on the same platform at Baotang Energy Storage Power Station, with the installed capacity accounting for about 1/5 of the total new energy storage capacity in the Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area;

Hubei Yingcheng, the world's first (set) 300 megawatt compressed air energy storage power station, is connected to the grid, using the abandoned salt cavern as the gas storage, and the electricity stored in a single time can supply power for a small and medium-sized city for 5 hours continuously;

In Rudong, Jiangsu Province, the first 100 MWh gravity energy storage project in China has stepped up its construction. A 148 meter high energy storage tower will store and discharge energy by lifting and lowering the gravity block

Since this year, different technical routes of new energy storage have been continuously implemented. New energy storage refers to the energy storage technology that, in addition to pumped storage, mainly takes the form of electricity output and provides external services, including electrochemical energy storage, compressed air energy storage, gravity energy storage, etc. They can change the traditional out of the box mode of the power system, such as "super power bank", charging when new energy is big or power consumption is low, and discharging when new energy output is small or power consumption is peak, which is conducive to promoting the development and consumption of new energy and the safe and stable operation of the power system.

This year's Government Work Report proposed to "develop new energy storage". By the end of the first quarter of this year, the cumulative installed capacity of new energy storage projects that have been completed and put into operation nationwide has reached 35.3 million kW/77.68 million kWh, an increase of more than 210% compared with the end of the first quarter of 2023. What are the characteristics of current new energy storage development? What challenges do you face? The reporter conducted an interview.

Rapid growth of installed capacity, continuous breakthroughs in technological innovation, and richer application scenarios

Hubei Yingcheng 300 MW compressed air energy storage power station, 500 meters underground, has an underground abandoned salt cavern with more than 1.5 million cubic meters of gas storage space, and is undergoing gas injection and brine discharge commissioning.

"Salt caverns are cavities formed after the underground salt layer is mined. They have the advantages of good airtightness, long service life, and less land occupation. They are ideal places for gas storage." Li Jun, deputy general manager of China Energy Engineering Science and Technology Group, said that the unit construction cost of compressed air storage power stations is generally 6000 to 8000 yuan per kilowatt, which is gradually approaching the construction cost of pumped storage power stations.

On May 11, Guangxi Volin sodium ion battery energy storage power station was successfully put into operation with all 10000 kilowatt hours of electricity being sent out of the battery container. This is the first large-scale application of sodium ion battery energy storage technology in China.

Tang Bin, a technical expert from Guangxi Electric Power Research Institute of China Southern Power Grid, said that compared with lithium ion batteries, sodium ion batteries have a wide range of resources, rich reserves and low prices; And it can work in the environment of minus 40 ℃ to 80 ℃, with a wider range of use. At present, the energy conversion efficiency of the power station's sodium ion battery energy storage system exceeds 92%.

Wind photovoltaic power generation is intermittent and volatile. Large scale and high proportion of access requires regulated power supplies such as energy storage. Different from pumped storage affected by high site selection requirements, long construction period and other factors, new energy storage has the advantages of flexible layout, short construction period and fast response.

In recent years, new energy storage has increasingly become an important support for building a new energy system and a new power system in China——

The installed capacity has grown rapidly. In 2023, the new installed capacity of new energy storage will be about 22.6 million kW/48.7 million kWh, nearly 10 times the final installed capacity of the 13th Five Year Plan. The construction of new energy storage power stations gradually presents a centralized and large-scale trend. As of the end of the first quarter of this year, the installed capacity of projects above 100000 kilowatts accounted for 54.8%.

Technological innovation continues to break through. He Zhao, vice president of the General Electric Power Planning and Design Institute, said that although the current new energy storage technology route in China is still dominated by lithium-ion battery energy storage, accounting for more than 95%, the engineering application of various new technology routes is accelerating. Since last year, several 300 megawatt compressed air energy storage projects, 100 megawatt liquid flow battery energy storage projects, and megawatt flywheel energy storage projects have been started, and new technologies such as gravity energy storage, liquid air energy storage, and carbon dioxide energy storage have been implemented.

More rich application scenarios. After entering Hefei Midea HVAC Equipment Co., Ltd., the roof photovoltaic panels and ground energy storage boxes were arranged in order. "At the low electricity price or when photovoltaic power is stored at the time of big power generation, and discharged at the time of peak electricity price, the accumulated electricity cost saved since it was put into operation last November has exceeded 1 million yuan," said Xu Bo, the company's engineering director. At present, Hefei is promoting the construction of nine user side energy storage projects of Feixi Power Grid. It is expected to build a 100000 kilowatt hour energy storage and peak shaving resource pool by the end of June to help usher in the summer peak.

On the user side, it can reduce the cost of energy use and improve the quality of energy use; On the power supply side, accelerate the construction of system friendly new energy power stations, and improve the popularity of new energy and netizens; On the grid side, it provides peak shaving, frequency modulation and other services to enhance the power supply guarantee capability in the weak areas of the grid... New energy storage can be integrated with power system sources, networks, loads and other links to improve the level of clean energy utilization and the operating efficiency of the power system.

Strengthen research and development, promote the construction of integrated innovation platform, and drive the coordinated development of upstream and downstream of the industrial chain

The upstream of the energy storage industry chain involves raw materials and equipment, the midstream involves energy storage systems and integration, and the downstream involves energy storage applications of power systems. According to the data of the National Energy Administration, since the "14th Five Year Plan", the new energy storage installation has directly driven the investment of more than 100 billion yuan, driving the coordinated development of the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain.

In the Ordos battery base of Yuanjing Power, after multiple processes such as homogenizing, coating, rolling, die-cutting, etc., pieces of blue square cells are successively offline, and then they will be transferred to the assembly bases of Yuanjing Energy Storage in Hebei, Gansu and other places to be assembled into 20 foot 5 megawatt hour container energy storage systems.

"A single energy storage container can store 5000 kilowatt hours of electricity. Compared with the mainstream 20 foot 3.35 megawatt hour energy storage system in the market, the unit volume capacity is larger, the floor area can be reduced by about 40%, the cycle life exceeds 10000 times, and the cost of electricity per kilowatt hour throughout the life cycle is reduced by about 30%." Tian Qingjun, senior vice president of Vision Group, told reporters that in the first quarter of this year, the shipment volume of Vision Energy Storage exceeded 1.2 gigawatt hours, Over 50% year-on-year growth.

Tian Qingjun introduced that the new energy storage is upgrading towards the direction of large capacity, high density, ultra safety, long cycle and intelligence. "In the future, there is still much room for technological progress in new energy storage, and the cost per kilowatt hour of lithium battery energy storage is expected to fall below 0.1 yuan. At that time, the cost per kilowatt hour of 'unstable new energy+new energy storage regulation' is expected to fall below 0.3 yuan, which is cost competitive compared with coal power, promoting the realization of carbon peak carbon neutrality."

At the same time, some core components and key material technologies of the new energy storage industry still need to be tackled, and the foundation and completeness of the industrial chain need to be improved. At present, relevant domestic enterprises, scientific research institutions, colleges and universities continue to carry out research on innovation, application layout and other aspects of new energy storage technology, and promote the industrial system to become more complete.

——The research and development of key technical equipment continued to increase.

The expander is one of the key equipment for compressed air energy storage. There is a high technical barrier for it to operate efficiently under high pressure, high load and high speed. "We led major scientific research institutes and head equipment enterprises to carry out technical research and engineering practice, overcome international blank technologies such as process design of large capacity, high parameter and ultra long space-time gas compression/expansion units, and achieve 100% localization of key core technology equipment." Li Jun introduced.

In recent years, breakthroughs have been made in 300 MW compressed air energy storage host equipment, nationwide produced liquid flow battery diaphragm, and single megawatt flywheel energy storage system, helping China's energy storage technology reach the world's advanced level.

——The construction of integration and innovation platform accelerated.

In Baiyun District, Guangzhou, with the roar of machines and the hoisting of structures, a 220 kV substation dedicated to the testing of new energy storage products is about to be built. "After completion, the R&D team and manufacturers can complete the real scene test here, so that the products can quickly go to the market." Liu Shi, deputy general manager of the National and Local Co built New Energy Storage Innovation Center, and chief technical expert of Southern Network Technology, introduced.

As the only national manufacturing innovation center in the field of new energy storage, the national and local jointly built new energy storage innovation center is led by Guangdong Provincial Government and China Southern Power Grid, and jointly established with 13 upstream and downstream enterprises such as new energy storage materials, chips, batteries, etc., to open up the innovation chain and industrial chain of "laboratory manufacturing market".

Qi Hongxun, president of China Energy Engineering Energy Storage Engineering Technology Research Institute, believes that the new energy storage industry is in a rapid development stage, and technological innovation is the key to promoting industrial progress. We should actively carry out research on new energy storage materials, new technologies and new equipment, promote the organic integration of production, teaching, research and application, accelerate the transformation of innovative achievements, and actively explore the application market of new energy storage.

Improve the new energy storage policy system and guide the scientific allocation and dispatching of various energy storage

Jiangsu will add about 4 million kilowatts of new energy storage to the national grid before the summer peak this year to meet the demand of power supply guarantee and grid regulation; Guangdong plans to reach 600 billion yuan in operating revenue of the new energy storage industry by 2025, with an average annual growth of more than 50%...... As an important technology and infrastructure for building a new power system and an important support for achieving the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, the new energy storage industry has a broad market prospect. "This year, the proportion of new energy storage installations in energy storage installations is expected to exceed 50%, surpassing pumped storage," said Chen Haisheng, chairman of the Zhongguancun Energy Storage Industry Technology Alliance.

During the interview, the reporter also learned that in order to achieve large-scale, industrialized and market-oriented development of new energy storage, efforts still need to be made in safety, economy, green and other aspects.

The bottom line of security risk prevention needs to be firmly guarded. With the increase of battery capacity and density, especially the large number of electrochemical energy storage in series and parallel, the safety risk of the energy storage power station is more prominent. Chen Yongchong, director of Green Energy Storage Research Institute of Tsinghua Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute, believes that it is necessary to further improve the intrinsically safe control technology to avoid thermal runaway and combustion explosion, "On the basis of ensuring safety, green is also the development direction of new energy storage technologies in the future, such as improving the structural design of energy storage batteries for easy recycling and green recycling technology, promoting green development throughout the life cycle, and improving the international competitiveness of the industry."

The business model and policy mechanism need to be further improved. The reporter learned in the interview that compared with traditional flexible resources such as pumped storage, the new energy storage has higher costs and a single revenue model, which is an important factor restricting its large-scale and industrialized development.

Chen Man, the head of the Energy Storage Research Institute of China Southern Power Grid Energy Storage Company, analyzed that at present, the cost per kilowatt hour of lithium-ion batteries with relatively good technical and economic efficiency is still higher than the cost of pumped storage; Sodium ion energy storage is still in the initial stage of industrial application, and the cost advantage of raw materials can only appear after the large-scale industrial development; The industrialization degree of new energy storage technologies such as flywheel and gravity is low, and the technical economy is still incomparable.

At the same time, the market rules for new energy storage to participate in medium - and long-term transactions, spot transactions and other market rules are still gradually improving, with low market returns. Many interviewees suggested that we should accelerate the construction of the power market system, fully consider the factors such as reasonable capacity demand, affordable price ceiling, and electricity price channel, and improve the formation mechanism of the new energy storage "capacity price+electricity price" on the grid side; Innovate business models and application scenarios, and explore shared energy storage, cloud energy storage, energy storage aggregation and other business model applications.

"In the next step, the National Energy Administration will continue to improve the new energy storage policy system, encourage scientific and technological innovation, continue to promote the progress of the new energy storage technology industry, continue to guide the scientific allocation and dispatching of all kinds of energy storage, and support the construction of the new energy system and new power system." Bian Guangqi, deputy director of the Energy Conservation and Technology Equipment Department of the National Energy Administration, said. (Ding Yiting, Zhang Weixiong)

key word: Energy storage system, salt cavern, flywheel energy storage, expander, thermal runaway

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