Longkou has a long history

Source: Longkou Municipal Government Website Published on: July 17, 2018

Huangxian County is the old town and the capital of Lai State. The civilization is far away and famous in China. The history of Longkou City is Huangxian County, named after the Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan's long-term activities here. In the process of the Chinese nation's civilization, it has gone through five or six thousand years of vicissitudes, with rich historical and cultural deposits, shining past and present.

As early as the Neolithic Age in the primitive society, there were ancestors in Longkou City who lived and multiplied here. It was once an important area for the activities of the Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan, and also the hometown of Lei Zu, the imperial concubine of the Yuan Dynasty. Before the Xia Dynasty, it belonged to Tuoyi. According to the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Biographies of Dongyi, Emperor Yao sent an official named Xizhong to take up his post here.

In the Xia Dynasty, Yu designated the whole country as Jiuzhou, which belonged to Qingzhou.

In the early Shang Dynasty, it belonged to Yingzhou. At the end of Shang Dynasty and the beginning of Zhou Dynasty, it belonged to Lai State. The capital of the country is located in the area of Guicheng Jiangjia, Langao Town, Longkou City today.

At the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, because of its fertile land, rich in wheat, fish and salt, Lai's economy was developed, its people were prosperous, and its country was rich and strong, which could compete with the Qi State established by Jiang Ziya. In its heyday, it had a vast territory, stretching from Zishui and Mihe River basins in the west to the easternmost tip of Jiaodong Peninsula (today's Wuye Village, Liuzhen Town, Rongchengbu, Weihai City), across the eastern tip of Jiaodong Peninsula. Later, the state of Lai was downgraded from Marquis to Viscount, and called Laizi (the capital of the country has not changed). The boundary between Laizi and Qi was Jiaolai River.

In 567 BC, Laizi was annexed by Qi. The State of Qi set up Huangxian County here, with the county seat in Huangchengji Village, Shiliang Town today. Fan Wenlan pointed out in his Compendium of General History of China - Part I that "in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty", "the county was an administrative region directly under the monarch". Chu, Jin, Qi and other big vassals successively set up counties in the small countries they annexed. "This system, which abolishes the feudal separatism and has progressive significance, has been popular in some big countries." "The county system of Jin and Qi is neat." "During the Warring States Period, all countries adopted the prefecture and county system. Since the first emperor of Qin unified China, the prefecture and county system has become a local system that has been followed in all generations." Huang Zhiwei was a county, which began in the Warring States Period.

Six Wangbi, four seas one. In 221 BC, the First Emperor of Qin unified China, and Huangxian County was under the jurisdiction of Qi County. The county seat is still in Huangchengji Village today. Later, it was renamed Jiaodong County.

In 203 BC (the fourth year of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty), Donglai County was set up to govern Ye County, and Huangxian County was under its jurisdiction. In 201 BC (the sixth year of Emperor Gaozu), the county was set up in the county, and the county seat is now Guxian Village, Beima Town. At the time of Emperor Cheng, the Xuxiang Marquis State was set up in Huangxian County. At that time, Huangxian County was adjacent to Zhan County (now in Fushan District) in the east, Guanyang (now in Laiyang City) in the south, county in the west, and Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea in the north. The county borders Huangxian County in the east, Qucheng County (now in Zhaoyuan City) in the west, and Xuxiang Hou State in the south. Xuxiang Hou State borders Huangxian County in the east, Yangshi County in the west (now in Laizhou City), Guanyang County in the south (now in Haiyang City), and the county in the north.

In the new era of Wang Mang, Huangxian County was renamed Yimu County because it was the hometown of Lei Zu, the mother of Changyi, the son of the Yellow Emperor; At the same time, Xuxiang Hou State was changed into Xuxiang County. Yimu, Xuxiang and Xuxiang are all subordinate to Donglai County. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Yimu County was renamed Huangxian County and the county was renamed Hou State. In AD 30 (the sixth year of Emperor Guangwu's founding in the Eastern Han Dynasty), the waste photo county and Xuxiang county were incorporated into Huangxian County. Huangxian County and the marquis were still under the jurisdiction of Donglai County, and the county government was moved from Yexian County to Huangxian County. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the territory of Huangxian County was expanded, bordering Muping County in the east, Qucheng County in the southwest (across today's Zhaoyuan and Laizhou cities, and within today's Laizhou City), Changyang County in the south (within today's Laiyang City) in the northwest, the county in the northwest, and Miaodao Islands in the north. During the Three Kingdoms period, it belonged to the Wei Dynasty, and the prefectures and counties remained the same.

In the early Jin Dynasty, Muping County was abolished and incorporated into Huangxian County. Donglai County was changed into Donglai State, and was relocated to Yexian County. Huangxian County and the Marquis State belonged to Donglai State. At that time, the territory of Huangxian County expanded again, reaching Chengshanjiao in the east, neighboring Changyang County in the south, and still in the west and north. During the Sixteen Kingdoms Period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it was successively the territory of Houzhao, Qianyan, Qianqin, Houyan and Nanyan, and the Hou State was changed into a county. Huang and 2 counties are under Donglai County. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Huanghe and 2 counties were still Donglai County. In 543 AD (the first year of Wuding in the Eastern Wei Dynasty), Dongmou County was set up, and the county government was located in Zhonglang City (east of Huangchengji Village). Huangcheng County and No.2 County were changed to Dongmou County. In 556 (the seventh year of Tianbao in the Northern Qi Dynasty), Dongmou County was abolished and Changguang County was moved to Huangxian County. The county ruled Zhonglangcheng, and the county was abolished and moved into Huangxian County. The county government moved westward to Huangcheng. Huangxian County belongs to Changguang County. At that time, the eastern boundary of Huangxian County was only to Shimen and Beigu mountains.

In 581 AD, the Sui Dynasty was established. In 583 AD (the third year of Emperor Kaihuang's reign), Changguang County was changed to Mouzhou, and Huangxian County was subordinate to Mouzhou. In 606 (the second year of Daye's reign), Huangxian County was replaced by Donglai County.

In 627 AD (the first year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty), Muping County and Qingyang County were abandoned, and Huangxian County was located to the west of Qingyang River. At that time, the eastern boundary of Huangxian County was slightly the same as that of Han and Jin Dynasties. Huangxian County was under the jurisdiction of Donglai County and later became Dengzhou (Muping). In 634 (the eighth year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty), Penglai Town was set up in the east of Huangxian County. In 707 (the third year of Shenlong), Penglai County was set up to govern the current Penglai City, and Huangxian County was incorporated into Penglai County, belonging to Dengzhou. At the same time, Dengzhou Prefecture moved to Penglai. In 712 (the first year of the birth), Huangxian County was resettled in Penglai, and it was still in Dengzhou. In 723 AD (the 11th year of Kaiyuan era of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty), he moved to the east of Huangcheng to take office in Huangcheng today. In 742 (the first year of Tianbao), Dengzhou was changed to Dongmou County, which belonged to Huangxian County; In 758 (the first year of Qianyuan), it was renamed Dengzhou, and Huangxian County was renamed Dengzhou. In the Song Dynasty, Huangxian County was subordinate to Laizhou, Jingdong Road, and later changed to Dengzhou, Shandong Road.

During the Golden Heaven Society (1123-1137), Liu Yu of the puppet Qi Dynasty set up Qixia County in Yangtuan Town in the south of Penglai County and in the north of Jingqi Mountain in the northeast of Laiyang County. It borders on the southeast corner of Huangxian County. At the same time, part of Yexian County and Huangxian County were designated as Zhaoyuan County. Therefore, the boundary of Huangxian County is similar to that of today. At that time, Huangxian County was under Shandong Ludengzhou.

In 1279, the Yuan Dynasty was established. Huangxian County is under the jurisdiction of Yidu Ludengzhou, the east of Shandong Province. In 1264 (the fifth year of the Zhongtong era of the Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty), Dengzhou and Huangxian County were changed to Zilai Road. In 1364 (the 24th year of Zhizheng era), Dengzhou and Huangxian County were changed to the office of general manager of Banyang Road.

In 1367 (the first year of the Ming and Wu Dynasties), Xu Da, a senior general, and his aide general often went to Yidu to appease the elders of Denglai, and Bao Qijing and others led the people to join them. They abandoned Banyang Road, established Laizhou Prefecture, and governed Dengzhou. In 1376 (the ninth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty), Dengzhou was promoted to Dengzhou Prefecture, and Huangxian County belonged to it. In the Qing Dynasty, Huangxian County was still under the jurisdiction of Dengzhou Prefecture.

In 1912, the Republic of China was founded. At the beginning of the Republic of China, Huangxian County was under the jurisdiction of Jiaodong Road (which governed Yantai). In 1925, it belonged to Donghai Dao. In 1928, the Taoism was abolished, and Huangxian County was directly in Shandong Province. In 1934, Huangxian County belonged to Ludong District, Shandong Province; in 1936, it belonged to the Office of Administrative Inspectors of the Seventh District of Shandong Province; in 1938, it belonged to the Office of Administrative Inspectors of the Ninth Administrative District of Ludong Xingyuan, Shandong Province.

On July 7, 1937, Lugouqiao Incident broke out in an all-round way. Kuomintang officials stationed in Huangxian County fled without fighting with the army. At this time of national crisis, the local Communists and pioneers in Huangxian County spontaneously organized and established the anti Japanese armed forces to shoulder the responsibility of national salvation.

In May 1938, the People's Anti Japanese Government of Huangxian County was established (soon renamed as the Anti Japanese Democratic Government of Huangxian County), which was led by the CPC Jiaodong Special Committee. In August, the Office of the Administrative Supervision Commissioner of Beihai District was established in Huangxian County. This is the first prefecture level regime in Shandong Province under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. The anti Japanese democratic government of Huangxian County and the Office of the Administrative Supervision Commissioner of Beihai District are two brands and a set of leadership. In October, Longkou Special Administrative Region was established under the Beihai Special Administration. In December 1939, it was subordinate to the Penghuangye Administrative Joint Office. In April 1940, the Beihai Special Administration was established for the second time, under the jurisdiction of Huangxian County. In September 1945, Chengxiang Special Zone was established under the Beihai Special Administration. In February 1946, Chengxiang Special Economic Zone was revoked, and the jurisdiction returned to Huangxian County. In April of that year, Longkou Special Zone was transformed into Longkou City, with the same membership. In June 1949, Chengxiang Special Zone was re established under the Beihai Special Administration.

On October 1, 1949, the People's Republic of China was founded. In June 1950, Longkou City and Chengxiang Special Zone were simultaneously revoked and merged into Huangxian County, under the jurisdiction of Laiyang Special Zone of Shandong Province. In October 1958, Laiyang District was changed to Yantai District and Huangxian County belonged to it. In November of the same year, Penglai County, Huangxian County and Changdao County were merged into Penglai County, which was under the jurisdiction of Yantai District. In January 1962, Huangxian County was restored to the original state and still belonged to Yantai District. It belonged to Yantai in 1967. In November 1983, it belonged to Yantai City. On September 23, 1986, the State Council approved the cancellation of Huangxian County and the establishment of Longkou City (a county-level city), which was entrusted by Yantai City. Since then, Longkou has entered a new historical period.

Throughout thousands of years of history, Longkou City has played an extremely important role in politics and has become the political, economic and cultural center of Shandong Peninsula for several times. The capital of the Marquis for 500 years, the county rule of the Qin Dynasty, the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the Northern Qi Dynasty, and the head of the district in the early days of the Anti Japanese War fully proved that Longkou City played an extremely important role in the history of the Chinese nation, and left a deep deposit and laid a solid foundation for the future development of Longkou City.