1. The ideal model is a highly abstract ideal object established for the convenience of research. Actual objects have many attributes, such as solid with certain shape, volume, mass, internal structure, etc. However, when we study an object from a certain point of view for a certain purpose, many attributes and functions that have no direct relationship with the research problem can be ignored.
According to the above definition, the following are not ideal models:
A. In the study of dynamics, the object is regarded as a point with mass
B. When studying simple harmonic vibration, the spring vibrator does not consider the mass of the spring
C. The theory of economic man believes that people's thinking and behavior are goal rational
D. The judicial trial should combine specific cases and pay attention to the integration of reason and law
2. Incomplete performance, also known as "incomplete performance", refers to the situation that although the debtor performs the debt, its performance does not fully conform to the purpose of the debt, or even causes damage to the creditor. According to the damage caused by incomplete performance, incomplete performance is divided into two categories: defective performance and injury performance. Defective payment means that the payment itself is incomplete and defective, so that the value or utility of the payment itself is reduced or lost. Injurious performance refers to the damage to other interests of the creditor caused by defects in the debtor's performance.
According to the above definition, the following are not injurious benefits:
A. Party A sells mutton at a high price after Party B, and then opens another store nearby, which draws away old customers and makes Party B's business miserable
B. A feasts relatives and friends in a hotel, but many people suffer from food poisoning after eating stale seafood
C. A keeps the apples purchased from B in the fruit cellar. Because some apples are worm eaten, the original apples of A are also worm eaten
D. Party A failed to inform Party B of the precautions when delivering the lighting equipment with explosive components, causing the lighting equipment to explode in Party B's shop
3. Couplets, also called couplets or couplets, are dual sentences written on paper, cloth or carved on bamboo, wood or pillars. Festival couplets are a major category divided according to the content and object of the couplets, which have a specific timeliness or commemoration. The content is mostly general chanting, lyricism, discussion, and wishes, and can also be divided into festival couplets and seasonal couplets.
According to the above definition, the following are seasonal couplets:
A. The bright moon in the middle of the sky brightens the world, and all over the place are happy and happy
B. Thousands of doors are unlocked and thousands of lights are lit, moving to Beijing in the middle of the first month
C. Ten thousand volumes of ancient and modern days disappear forever, and one window sees off the fleeting years at dusk
D. When can I close my mouth when I laugh
Reference answer and analysis
1. [Answer] D. Zhonggong analysis: the key points of the definition of the ideal model are: ① it is established for the convenience of research; ② Highly abstract ideal object; ③ The attributes and functions that are not directly related to the research problems are ignored. In item A, the object is regarded as a point with mass for dynamics research, ignoring other attributes of the object, in item B, the mass of the spring is ignored for simple harmonic vibration, and in item C, the theory of economic man, which regards people as rational people, ignores other attributes of people, all of which conform to the main points of definition and are applied to the ideal model. Item D judicial trial did not establish a highly abstract ideal object, but studied specific cases and did not apply the ideal model. So the answer is D.
2. [Answer] A. The main point of the definition of injurious performance is that other interests of creditors are damaged because the debtor's performance is flawed. Items B, C and D cause other damages respectively, which belongs to injury benefit; The original payment value of item A is reduced due to the opening of a new store nearby, and its performance does not fully conform to the purpose of the debt, but does not cause damage to other interests of the creditor, which belongs to defective payment. So the answer is A.
3. [Answer] A. Zhonggong analysis: the key points of the definition of festival couplets are: ① timeliness or commemoration; ② Couplet. Item A belongs to the antithetical couplet of the Mid Autumn Festival and meets the definition according to the "bright moon" and "reunion". Item B is from the Lantern on the 15th Night of the First Moon by Zhang Hu of the Tang Dynasty. Although it is sometimes imperative, it does not belong to antithetical couplets and does not conform to ②. Item C was done by Lu You, which shows the poet's spirit of scholarship, and does not conform to ①. Item D is the couplet of Qianfo Temple in Jinan, which does not conform to ①. So the answer is A.
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