In order to further guide college students to have a deep understanding of the "three rural issues", increase their sense of professional belonging, and cultivate talents in the new era of "knowing and loving agriculture, strengthening and rejuvenating agriculture". From July 11 to August 30, 2022, a team of 8 students from Qilu School of Shandong Agricultural University went to Shandong Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources Center to investigate the economic and social practice under the forest, and went to Shandong Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources Center (Shandong Pharmaceutical Township Forest Farm) for social investigation.
Before the activity, the team leader shall organize the members of the team to formulate a complete activity plan, carry out the preparatory meeting in the form of group meeting, and make arrangements for the specific work related to the activity. The team leader students will lead the team members to collect and analyze data, and make a preliminary analysis of the specific situation of undergrowth Chinese herbal medicine in the practice site. Draw up the safety guarantee plan for the activity, and organize the team members to study the plan at the group meeting.
On the day of the activity, Deputy Director Zhao Yong and Senior Engineer Zhang Yiqun told the students about the general situation of Shandong Forest and Grass Germplasm Resource Center and the local rich precious Chinese herbs. Zhao Yong, deputy director of the farm, introduced to the students that Shandong Yaoxiang Forest Farm is a state-owned forest farm directly under the Provincial Department of Natural Resources. It was founded in 1920 and is located at the junction of Licheng District, Taishan District and Daiyue District of Jinan City. It has a total area of 18154 mu, a forest coverage rate of 97.2%, and a standing timber stock of 130000 m2. Yaoxiang Forest Farm is located in the warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest area, with abundant animal and plant resources, including 43 families and 164 species of woody plants, 91 families and 454 species of herbaceous plants, and more than 180 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines. The "four famous drugs" in Taishan, namely, Polygonum multiflorum Thunb, Lithospermum, Panax quinquefolium and Rhizoma polygonatum, are all distributed; There are 43 species of birds in 21 families and 528 species of insects in 103 families. It is one of the areas with the most concentrated and high-quality forest resources in the province. Yaoxiang Forest Farm is located in the Taishan Mountains, with steep mountains and towering ancient trees. The highest peak of Huangjianzi Mountain is 955.4m above sea level, and the lowest point is the entrance of Jingonggou, 400m above sea level. The relative height difference is 555.4m, and the site is 699m above sea level. The mountain ranges are mostly from northwest to southeast, generally high in northwest and low in southeast, with a gradient of 20 ° - 40 °. The slopes are mostly semi sunny and semi shady, with few exposed rocks. Yaoxiang Linchang stratum belongs to Taishan system of Archean, and the parent rock is mostly ancient gneiss with very deep metamorphic degree. The soil is neutral to slightly acidic mountain brown soil, with a soil layer thickness of 15-90cm, mostly between 20-45cm, neutral and slightly acidic. At present, there are Shandong Medicine Town National Forest Park, Shandong Province Medicinal Plant National Forest Germplasm Resources Bank, Shandong Taishan Forest Ecosystem National Positioning Observation and Research Station of National Forestry and Grass Administration, National Youth Nature Education Green Camp, Ministry of Education Off campus Practical Education Base for College Students, Shandong Agricultural University Teaching and Research Base and other platforms. In 2021, the institutional reform will merge Shandong Forest Germplasm Resources Center and Shandong Pharmaceutical Township Forest Farm to establish a new unit, Shandong Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources Center (Shandong Pharmaceutical Township Forest Farm).
Then, senior engineer Zhang Yiqun introduced the living habits, distribution, functions and efficacy of the main Chinese herbal medicines (Ganoderma lucidum, cordyceps sinensis, pine mushroom, honeysuckle, agastache, scutellaria baicalensis, pangolin, salvia miltiorrhiza, smallpox, etc.) in the forest farm.
After completing the theoretical study, the students went up the mountain to investigate under the leadership of local staff. After many field visits and studies on the mountain, the students summarized the harvest of this survey and found that three outstanding Chinese herbal medicines: Ganoderma lucidum, smallpox, pine mushroom, honeysuckle, were distributed under the oak forest, chestnut forest, pine forest, and various trees.
Miao Chunli and Liu Wanting shared:
We observed and understood the Ganoderma lucidum under the Quercus acutissima tree in the forest farm, and deeply understood the characteristics of the tree species and the living habits of Chinese herbal medicine. The Chinese herbs under Quercus acutissima are mainly Ganoderma lucidum and Cordyceps sinensis. We made a horizontal comparison on the previous data by measuring the living environment, root microorganisms, and soil organic matter nitrogen content, and studied their growth environment. We understand that the forest farm plans to select suitable plots, rely on the existing wild Chinese herbal medicines in the forest farm, and provide the introduction and promotion of rare Chinese herbal medicines and the establishment of medical plant specimen identification. The Chinese herbal medicines under the trees need to be protected to some extent, and their medicinal value should be deeply explored to give play to their important value.
Zhang Meiqi and Chen Luhan share:
Our group came to the Chinese chestnut forest. First, we visited the Chinese chestnut trees and briefly understood their growth habits. Then, under the guidance of the forest farm staff, we found a plant under the Chinese chestnut trees: Trichosanthes kirilowii. With the introduction of professionals in the forest farm, we carefully studied the growth conditions of Trichosanthes kirilowii and its huge advantages in interaction with Chinese chestnut trees, and its large root tubers can be made into trichosanthin as medicine. We also carefully studied the efficacy of trichosanthin, main symptoms, etc., and had a certain understanding of the advantages of undergrowth economy and the important role of Chinese herbal medicine, It is understood that the mixed planting of crops will significantly improve the economic value and utilization rate of local land. This study has injected infinite impetus into our future research.
In the field survey, in addition to simply understanding the growth habits of Chinese chestnut trees, our practice group focused on carefully checking the cultivation of raw materials of Chinese medicinal materials such as Trichosanthes kirilowii, and conducted in-depth study and exchange with the responsible personnel on the cultivation technology, planting area, employment of farmers and villagers, economic benefits and other matters of various Chinese medicinal materials such as finished trichosanthin. The team went deep into the mountain forest and talked with local farmers,
To understand the views of forest farms on traditional Chinese medicine and their growth status. Through this survey, I am more aware of the need to enhance the awareness and ability of young students to combine learning with application, serve the countryside, integrate their professional knowledge into agricultural development, and enable agricultural revitalization with science and technology
Shang Yuhan and Sun Mingxuan shared:
The pine trees specially investigated by our team and the medicinal mushrooms under them are mainly distributed in Nantaigou, Huangjian Mountain and Hengling, with an area of more than 300 hectares. The forest is mainly composed of Chinese pine, black pine, red pine, Japanese larch, and some white pine, Chinese pine, golden larch and masson pine. Pinus tabulaeformis, red pine, black pine and Huashan pine have tall and straight trunks and are evergreen throughout the year; In the deep winter, the snow presses the pine trees, and the trees are full of silver flowers, which add radiance to each other; Lysimachia roxburghii and larch are golden in autumn. Especially white pine, red pine and Chinese pine are rare because of their beautiful tree shapes. In the survey, we found that most of the pine trees are planted with pine mushrooms. Pine mushrooms are the common name of several kinds of wild fungi of pine grass. Usually, people often call both pine mushrooms and matsutake mushrooms as pine mushrooms. The main nutritional components of lentinus edodes are diverse. The most important one is that it contains three kinds of precious active substances, namely, double chain lentinus edodes polysaccharide, lentinus edodes polypeptide and the unique anti-cancer substance - lentinol in all plants in the world. Therefore, lentinus edodes are also often used to prevent cancer and to recover from cancer after surgery. They are very valuable medicinal fungi.
Zhang Renzheng and Tian Guihao shared:
Honeysuckle is named after Compendium of Materia Medica, because honeysuckle flower turns white at the beginning and yellow later, so it is named honeysuckle. The medicinal material Lonicera japonica is a kind of honeysuckle in the family of Lonicera japonica and other plants of the same genus. Efficacy and effect: It can disperse wind heat, clear heat and detoxify, detoxify and stop dysentery. It is the dry flower bud or the newly opened flower of Lonicera japonica, a plant of the honeysuckle family. It is sweet and cold in nature and fragrant in gas. It is sweet and cold, clearing away heat without hurting the stomach. The fragrance is transparent and can dispel evil spirits. It can be used for various heat diseases, such as body heat, rashes, spots, hot toxin sores, carbuncle, throat swelling and pain. Honeysuckle has the effects of evacuating wind heat, clearing heat and detoxifying, detoxifying and stopping dysentery. Because it is a shade tolerant tree species, we always encounter honeysuckle in the shade when we go up the mountain, and we can clearly smell the flower fragrance in the morning after the rain. Flowering time: honeysuckle blooms in March. At the beginning of May in the forest farm, it is slightly fragrant, with red stems, white flowers at the beginning, and yellow flowers after one or two days, so it is called honeysuckle. It is also called "mandarin duck vine" because there are two flowers on one stalk and two stamens sticking out. They are paired and inseparable, like male and female accompanying each other, and like mandarin ducks dancing together. Morphological features: The most obvious feature of this species is that it has large leaflike bracts. It looks like Lonicera japonica in appearance, but its bracts are narrow rather than leafy, calyx tube is densely pubescent, and twigs are densely curly pubescent, which is obviously different from this species. The morphological variation of this species is very large, and there are great changes in the hair coat of branches and leaves, the shape and size of leaves, the length of corolla, and the length ratio of hair coat and lip to tube.
During the investigation, the students went to the countryside to check the economic crops on the mountainside, communicate with the masses and understand the local situation. From team organization to record and summary, each member has been fully trained, laying the foundation for future scientific research and experiments. As agronomists in the new era and students of Qilu Academy, we will surely walk the road, do more hard work, practice in the field, learn from the earth, know and love agriculture, strengthen and rejuvenate agriculture, and contribute our own unique strength to rural revitalization and national rejuvenation.
(Contributed by Zhang Renzheng, Qilu School, Shandong Agricultural University)
[Editor in charge: Yang Fan , Li Jiazhen ]
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