The country is based on agriculture, and agriculture takes planting as the priority. In Heilongjiang during the spring ploughing season, each seed takes root and sprouts on the vast black land, showing a school of vitality. The reporter's research in Qiqihar, Suihua, Daqing and other places in Heilongjiang Province found that after years of north-south cycle relay, the "north planting and south breeding" model of seed enterprises has gradually become mature, which has achieved seamless connection from research and development to production, greatly shortened the breeding cycle, and accelerated the industrialization process of the seed industry. However, there are still deficiencies in germplasm, varieties, scientific research and other aspects, The revitalization of seed industry still needs to go through multiple "checkpoints".
The mode of "planting in the north and breeding in the south" is becoming mature
A seed breaks through the ground and carries the hope of securing China's job. In the laboratory of Fuer Agronomy Co., Ltd. in Fulaerji District, Qiqihar City, boxes of corn seed culture medium are arranged neatly in the refrigerator. Technicians are peeling the embryos of the pollinated ears brought back from Hainan Nanfan Base and putting them into the culture medium. After transplanting to the greenhouse for cultivation, they will be sown in the paddy field in the near future.
"We have a stable breeding base of 200 mu in Sanya Nanbin Farm, which is used for southern breeding of soybean, corn and rice, seed multiplication and haploid breeding to speed up the process of variety breeding," said Qian Guangming, deputy general manager of Fuer Agronomy Co., Ltd.
Qian Guangming said "southern breeding" means that the northern regions with higher latitudes take advantage of the climate conditions in Hainan and other southern regions of China to engage in crop variety breeding, parental breeding, germplasm identification, seed production and other activities.
Qian Guangming told reporters that breeding in the south can increase generations, shorten breeding cycle, expand rare resources, and cultivate combination types that are not easy to complete in the north by making hybrid combinations.
It is understood that Ful Agronomy Co., Ltd., established in 1993, started its southern breeding work in 1998. Now it has kept 4815 soybean germplasm resources in cold regions and has independently developed and jointly bred 235 new varieties.
Heilongjiang Linfeng Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., located in Lindian County, Daqing City, was founded in 2008. It is a modern agricultural science and technology enterprise specializing in scientific research and breeding, cultivation research and technology promotion of watermelon and melon. At present, it is spring ploughing season. Technicians are stepping up watermelon seed cultivation in Hainan base in factory buildings, greenhouses and fields. Zhang Bao, the general manager of the company, introduced that the company has established network operators and franchised stores in more than 1000 counties and cities in more than 20 provinces across the country, and has established stable scientific research breeding and experiment demonstration bases in Ledong County, Hainan, Jiuquan City, Gansu, Changji City, Xinjiang, and Yuanmou County, Yunnan. "At present, we have independently developed 120 watermelon varieties, with Linfeng 666, a large fruit watermelon variety, as the main variety," said Zhang Bao.
In addition to breeding in the south, the company will continue to invest in breeding bases in Lindian County next year to expand the scale of breeding bases, and the number of breeding cold sheds can reach 60. "All bases have used genetic and backcross breeding technology and molecular marker technology, which can produce more excellent varieties," said Zhang Bao.
"The average temperature in the south is high, which is suitable for blooming and bearing fruit. It is possible to bear fruit three times a year, which is conducive to accelerating the progress of the experiment, selecting more excellent seeds, and producing more seeds. Now almost all breeding enterprises will carry out southern reproduction, which is a mature technology and a trend." Wang Xinjiang, a second level researcher of Qiqihar Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said.
Create a new highland of seed industry for self-reliance
"We are carrying out soybean progeny in Hainan, not only to shorten breeding time, but also to cultivate new varieties with higher yield and better taste, and to create a new highland of domestic seed industry with self-reliance and self-reliance." Li Yanhua, a scientific researcher of the Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that Heilongjiang's winter is cold and long, with a freezing period of up to half a year. Due to the low accumulated temperature, crops ripen once a year, and it takes one year to cultivate a season of soybean, which has brought great constraints to breeding work.
In order to shorten the breeding time, almost every autumn, Li Yanhua will bring the seeds from Hailun City, Suihua, the "hometown of high-quality soybeans in China" where the Institute is located, to Hainan for breeding. In the spring of the next year, he will bring the cultivated seeds back to continue the experiment, which can increase one or two growing seasons and shorten the breeding time by one-third to half.
Li Yanhua has been engaged in soybean breeding research in the cold black soil area for more than 30 years, and has cultivated 17 new varieties of "Dongsheng" series, promoted 50 million mu accumulatively, increased production by 2 billion jin, and increased benefits by 4 billion yuan. The "Dongsheng" series of soybeans cultivated by her team are generally recognized by farmers, grain traders and processing enterprises because of their high yield, good quality, strong disease resistance, strong adaptability and other excellent properties, round yellow appearance, and good processing quality. The price per kilogram is generally 0.1 to 0.5 yuan higher than the market price.
Zixin Seed Industry Co., Ltd., located in Meilisdaur District, Qiqihar City, mainly researches and develops middle early maturity and very early maturity varieties of corn. As an international high-tech enterprise, they cooperated with the Chinese Academy of Sciences to establish a provincial scientific and technological innovation platform - Sun Haixia Forage and Feed Studio, and also deeply cooperated with China Agricultural University, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Bayi Agricultural University. In recent years, their scientific research team has owned 10 corn varieties with independent intellectual property rights through southern breeding, germplasm resources research and innovation, molecular breeding, haploid breeding, traditional hybrid combination preparation, variety testing and other professional work, and has successively participated in 20 new varieties approved and tested at the national and provincial levels. At present, the annual breeding volume of this enterprise is more than 2 million jin, and corn varieties are exported to Jilin, Liaoning, Shanxi, Hebei and other places.
"Breeding is hard work. In field breeding, we need to record the growth characteristics of crops and find the traits we want to cultivate and preserve. In the past, this work required scientific researchers to stay in the field every day, 'one pen, one steelyard, bite with teeth, stare with eyes', and observe and record the situation of each grain of corn, which was time-consuming and laborious. Today, although the whole process of phenotypic collection, data processing, character analysis and other work can be completed through professional instruments, and real-time data of growth process can be obtained 24 hours a day, many work is still inseparable from the field. " Chen Yuxiu, head of Zixin Seed Industry Co., Ltd. and breeding expert, said.
"North planting and south breeding is a key step in the revitalization of the seed industry. The government has always encouraged and supported capable and qualified seed enterprises to establish seed breeding bases in Hainan and other places, accelerated the breeding process and shortened the breeding years, from which our enterprises have also benefited a lot," said Wang Chao, general manager of Suihua Shengchang Seed Breeding Co., Ltd, At present, they have 60 mu of experimental fields in Hainan Province, 75 self bred approved varieties and cooperative varieties, mainly Suijing series. At present, the enterprise has a breeding area of 100000 mu, and can breed (original) improved varieties of more than 50000 tons every year, reaching the goal of independent and controllable rice seed source.
The data shows that the breeding and breeding of northern varieties and southern varieties has pushed the renewal cycle of varieties in Heilongjiang Province from more than 10 years in the past to 3 to 5 years. More than 20000 crop germplasm resources and nearly 1000 backbone germplasm resources have been bred and bred in southern China, ensuring the safety of agricultural production.
Revitalization of seed industry still needs to "break through barriers and seize the pass"
Seed industry is the "chip" of agriculture, and independent innovation is the key to the development of seed industry. The reporter found that despite the large number and various types of seed industry in China, breakthroughs still need to be made in tackling key core technologies in the seed industry, some core seed sources and new varieties cultivation. How to achieve independent and controllable seed industry in China?
We will strengthen research on cutting-edge technologies such as gene editing and digital breeding, and enhance our capacity for independent innovation. "At present, the development of China's seed industry is still in the era dominated by hybrid breeding. It is necessary to increase the original innovation of basic cutting-edge technology, and make full efforts to achieve breakthroughs in such cutting-edge technologies as gene editing, digital breeding, molecular module design and breeding, as well as high-throughput sequencing technology, marker high-throughput typing, seed breeding and processing technology." Chen Yuxiu said, at the same time, Integrate the resources of universities and scientific research institutions, establish seed industry scientific and technological innovation alliance, and promote the linkage of production, teaching, research and use and the integration of scientific and technological resources. The key technologies of the seed industry are managed in a list way. Under the policy preference, the key technology breakthrough incentive funds are launched to promote the cooperation of all entities of the alliance, focusing on breaking through a number of "choke points" in the seed industry.
In recent years, many seed industry enterprises in Heilongjiang Province have continued to increase their investment in scientific research. "Enterprises invest 40% of their output value in scientific research every year." Zhang Bao suggested that enterprises should continue to strengthen the research and innovation of germplasm resources, molecular breeding, haploid breeding, traditional hybrid combination preparation and variety testing, southern propagation and generation and other professional work to promote the revitalization of the seed industry.
Strengthen the protection and utilization of germplasm resources. Li Yanhua introduced that germplasm resources are the basis for the development of modern seed industry. It is necessary to strengthen the rescue collection and protection of rare and endangered resources, find out the family background, and ensure that resources are not lost. At the same time, we will strengthen international exchanges and cooperation in germplasm resources, encourage enterprises and scientific research institutions to introduce high-quality resources from abroad, accelerate the construction of isolation and quarantine infrastructure for foreign introduction, strengthen biosafety measures, and support the establishment of a "green channel" for germplasm resources introduction.
We will strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights on the basis of gradually simplifying seed certification procedures and relaxing certification conditions. During the spring plowing this year, the phenomenon of infringement of seed licensing, fake and inferior seeds, and sale of unapproved seeds occurred from time to time, highlighting the importance of strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights in the seed industry. "It is necessary to implement strict patent application from the breeding process, seed processing to the final breeding results." Wang Xinjiang said, at the same time, increase the punishment for infringement in the seed industry, improve the credit classification supervision, dishonesty punishment, and comprehensive linkage mechanism in the field of intellectual property rights in the seed industry, so as to curb counterfeiting, infringement, "imitation seeds" and other problems.
