1、 Basic concepts
A visa is a permit issued by a government authorized authority for foreigners who apply for entry, exit or transit in accordance with its laws and regulations.
According to international law and practice, any sovereign country has the right to decide on its own whether to allow foreigners to enter or leave its country (frontier), issue visas, refuse to issue visas or revoke visas already issued in accordance with its own laws.
Chinese visa authority In accordance with laws and relevant regulations, decide on the types, times, validity and duration of visas issued, and have the right to refuse the visa application of the party concerned or revoke the issued visa.
2、 Issuing authority
The embassies and consulates of the People's Republic of China stationed abroad or other agencies stationed abroad entrusted by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs are responsible for issuing entry visas for foreigners abroad.
Aliens who meet the relevant provisions of Article 20 of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Administration of Exit and Entry may apply to the port visa authority entrusted by the Ministry of Public Security for port visas at the ports approved by the State Council for port visa business 。
3、 Visa type
Chinese visas are divided into diplomatic visa, courtesy visa, official visa and ordinary visa. Including ordinary visa It is divided into the following categories ：
Visa type | Scope of Applicant | C | International train attendants, international aircraft crew members, crew members and accompanying family members of crew members on international voyages, and automobile drivers engaged in international road transport who are engaged in crew, aviation and shipping tasks | D | Persons entering the country for permanent residence | F | People who enter the country for exchange, visit, investigation and other activities | G | People passing through China | J1 | Foreign resident journalists of Chinese news organizations who are resident abroad (stay for more than 180 days) | J2 | Foreign journalists who enter the country for short-term (stay no more than 180 days) interviews and reports | L | Inbound tourists | M | People entering the country for commercial and trade activities | Q1 | Family members of Chinese citizens who apply for residence in China due to family reunification (spouse, parents, children, children's spouses, brothers and sisters, grandparents, grandchildren, grandchildren and parents of spouses) And family members of foreigners with permanent residence qualifications in China (spouses, parents, children, children's spouses, brothers and sisters, grandparents, maternal grandparents, grandchildren, grandchildren and parents of spouses), as well as persons who apply for entry and residence for reasons such as foster care | Q2 | Relatives of Chinese citizens residing in China and relatives of foreigners with permanent residence qualifications in China who have entered the country to visit their relatives for a short period of time (no more than 180 days) | R | Foreign high-level talents needed by the country and urgently needed specialized talents | S1 | Spouses, parents, children under the age of 18, parents of spouses of foreigners who have stayed in China for work, study and other reasons, as well as those who need to stay in China for other private affairs, who have entered China to visit their relatives for a long time (more than 180 days) | S2 | Family members (spouses, parents, children, children's spouses, siblings, grandparents, maternal grandparents, grandchildren, grandchildren, and parents of spouses) of foreigners who stay in China for work, study and other reasons to visit their relatives for a short period of time (no more than 180 days) and those who need to stay in China for other personal matters | X1 | People studying in China for a long time (more than 180 days) | X2 | Personnel studying in China for a short period (no more than 180 days) | Z | Personnel working in China |
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4、 Hong Kong and Macao visa
（1） Hong Kong SAR visa
1. Hong Kong SAR grants visa free treatment to some countries and regions (please click Learn more http://www.immd.gov.hk/sc/services/hk-visas/visit-transit/visit-visa-entry-permit.html#part2 ）。
2. Foreigners who do not enjoy visa free treatment must apply for a visa to Hong Kong.
（2） Macao SAR visa
1. Macao SAR grants visa free treatment to some countries and regions (please click Learn more https://www.gov.mo/zh-hans/services/ps-1474/ps-1474b/#6 ）。
2. In principle, foreigners who do not enjoy visa free treatment, except for a few people from specific countries, can apply for landing visas at Macao ports.
Apply to go at the same time Mainland China, Hong Kong SAR and Macao SAR Foreigners must apply separately Mainland visa and going to Hong Kong Visa to Australia.
5、 Validity
The entry validity period of a visa ("enter before") refers to the valid period of entry of the visa held by the holder. Unless otherwise indicated by the issuing authority, the visa shall come into force on the date of issuance and expire at 24:00 Beijing time on the date of expiration. If there are still unused entry times, the holder can enter the country before the expiry date (including the current day).
6、 Number of entries
The number of entries ("entries") of the visa refers to the number of entries Entry Within the validity period Enter The number of situations. A visa that has used up the number of entries or has not used up the number of entries but has expired is invalid. If you need to travel to China, you must reapply for a visa. If the bearer comes to China with an invalid visa, he or she will be refused entry.
7、 Duration of stay
The duration of each stay ("duration of each stay") refers to the period during which the holder is permission Staying time limit ， since Entry second day start calculation.
VIII Residence procedures
Foreigners holding the word D J1 word Q1 word S1 word After entering the country with Visa X1, you should apply for a residence certificate to the exit and entry administration of the public security organ at or above the county level within 30 days from the date of entry.
After entering the country with W-series diplomatic, courtesy, official and ordinary visas, foreigners shall, within 30 days from the date of entry, go through residence procedures with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or the local foreign affairs department entrusted by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
