What are the design requirements for fire evacuation stairs?

The fire evacuation staircase, as the staircase of the emergency exit, is used to help people escape from the fire scene and to give fire fighters an auxiliary attack route. If there is no fire escape staircase in the building, it will not pass the fire acceptance. Therefore, when designing the fire escape staircase, we should follow the relevant design requirements,

The design requirements of fire evacuation stairs are as follows:  

1. The staircase for evacuation shall meet the following requirements:

1.1 The staircase should be able to provide natural lighting and ventilation, and should be set close to the external wall;

1.2 The stairwell shall not be equipped with a water burning room, a combustible material storage room or a garbage passage;

1.3 There shall be no protruding objects or other obstacles affecting evacuation in the stairwell;

1.4 Class A, B and C liquid pipes shall not be laid in the stairwell;

1.5 No combustible gas pipeline shall be laid in the staircase of public buildings;

1.6 Combustible gas pipes and meters shall not be laid in the stairwell of residential buildings. When residential buildings must be installed, protective measures such as metal sleeves and devices to cut off air supply shall be taken.

2. In addition to the design requirements specified in Article 1, the enclosed staircase shall also meet the following requirements:

2.1 When natural lighting and ventilation are unavailable, it shall be set according to the requirements of smoke proof staircase;

2.2 The first floor of the stairwell can include the walkway and lobby in the stairwell to form an expanded enclosed stairwell, but it should be separated from other walkways and rooms by Class B fireproof doors and other measures;

2.3 Except for the door of the stairwell, no other door and window openings shall be set on the inner wall of the stairwell;

2.4 When closed stairwells are set up in high-rise buildings (warehouses), densely populated public buildings, and densely populated multi-storey Class C plants, the doors leading to the stairwells should be Class B fire doors and should be opened in the direction of evacuation;

2.5 Two way spring door can be used for the door of closed staircase of other buildings.

3. In addition to the design requirements specified in Article 1, the smoke proof staircase shall also meet the following requirements:

3.1 When natural lighting and ventilation are unavailable, the stairwell shall be equipped with smoke control or smoke exhaust facilities according to relevant regulations, or fire emergency lighting facilities according to relevant regulations;

3.2 Smoke proof antechamber, open balcony or concave corridor shall be set at the entrance of staircase. The smoke prevention antechamber can be shared with the antechamber of the fire elevator room;

3.3 The usable area of the front room: not less than 6.0 m2 for public buildings and 4.5 m2 for residential buildings; The usable area of shared front rooms: no less than 10.0 m2 for public buildings, high-rise factories and high-rise warehouses, and no less than 6.0 m2 for residential buildings;

3.4 Class B fire doors shall be used for the evacuation corridor to the front room and the door from the front room to the stairwell;

3.5 Except the staircase door and the front room door, no other door and window openings shall be set on the inner wall of the smoke proof staircase and its front room (except the staircase front room of the residence);

3.5 The first floor of the staircase can include the walkway and lobby in the front room of the staircase to form an expanded smoke prevention front room, but it should be separated from other walkways and rooms by Class B fire doors and other measures.

4. The plane position of the evacuation staircase in the building on each floor shall not be changed.

The staircase in the basement and semi basement shall be separated from other parts in the first floor by a noncombustible partition wall with a fire resistance rating of not less than 2.00h and shall be directly connected to the outside. When the door must be opened on the partition wall, Class B fire door shall be used.

The basement, semi basement and the upper floor shall not share the stairwell. When it is necessary to share the stairwell, the first floor shall be completely separated from the connecting parts of the underground and semi underground parts and the above ground parts by incombustible partition walls and Class B fire doors with a fire resistance rating of not less than 2.00h, and there shall be obvious signs.

5. Outdoor stairs can be used as evacuation stairs when they meet the following requirements:

5.1 The height of handrail shall not be less than 1.1m, and the net width of stairs shall not be less than 0.9m;

5.2 The inclination angle shall not be greater than 45 °;

5.3 The staircase and platform shall be made of incombustible materials. The fire resistance limit of platform shall not be less than 1.00h, and that of staircase shall not be less than 0.25h;

5.4 The door leading to the outdoor staircase should be Class B fireproof door and should be opened to the outside;

5.5 Except for the evacuation door, no door and window openings shall be set on the wall within 2m around the stairs. The evacuation door shall not face the stair flight.

6. The staircase used as the second emergency exit in Class D and E plants can be a metal staircase, but its net width should not be less than 0.9m, and the inclination angle should not be more than 45 °.

For Class D and Class E high-rise buildings, when the number of people on each working platform does not exceed 2 and the total number of people on each working platform at the same time does not exceed 10, open stairs can be used, or metal ladders with a net width of not less than 0.9m and an inclination angle of not less than 60 ° can be used as evacuation ladders.

7. The staircase for evacuation and the staircase on the evacuation passageway should not use spiral staircase and fan step. When necessary, the plane angle formed by the upper and lower steps shall not be more than 10 °, and the step depth of each step 250 mm from the handrail shall not be less than 220 mm.

8. The horizontal clear distance between the handrails of two flight of indoor evacuation stairs in public buildings should not be less than 150mm.

9. The outdoor fire ladder leading to the roof shall be set for the third level fire resistance buildings with a height of more than 10m. The outdoor fire ladder shall not face the dormer, and its width shall not be less than 0.6m, and shall be set 3.0m above the ground.  

 

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