Windows XP is a computer operating system developed by Microsoft for personal computers, including desktop computers, laptops and other terminal devices. The retail version was officially released on October 25, 2001.Its name "XP" means "Experience" in English. Windows XP is another generation of operating system launched by Microsoft after Windows 2000.
Windows XP uses Luna graphical user interface and dual column start menu to improve system security and performance, provide WiFi support, simplify software installation and operation, and add remote desktop function.
As of April 21, 2008, Windows XP has been updated to Service Pack 3;As of September 2011, Windows XP is the most widely used operating system in the world, up to 76%.In 2012, this record was surpassed by Microsoft's new generation operating system Windows 7.On December 30, 2013, Microsoft announced that it would stop supporting Windows XP 99 days later (April 8, 2014).On April 8, 2014, Microsoft terminated its technical support for Windows XP, but still released a special patch for Windows XP in the "Wannacry" blackmail worm event.
Chinese name
Windows operating system
Foreign name
Windows XP
Alias
win XP、Windows operating system experience version[25]
In the late 1990s, Microsoft began to develop newWindows NTThe operating system of the kernel, code named "Neptune", is used to replace theMS-DOSOS forWindows 98, solve the problems of relevant systems, and intend to release them in 2001.[5]
In 2000, the "Neptune" team merged with the "Odyssey" team, the predecessor of Windows XPWindows WhistlerStart research and development.[6]
Release History
On August 24, 2001, Microsoft Vice President Jim Orchin released the RTM version of Windows XP.[1]
On October 25, 2001, Microsoft officially released the retail version of Windows XP.[2]
In September 2002, Microsoft launched the Windows XP SP1 patch pack.[7]
In September 2004, Microsoft launchedWindows XP SP2Patch pack.
In 2005, Microsoft also released 64 bit Windows XP client andWindows Server 2003Two series of servers, supporting Intel and AMD 64 bit desktop processors.
In April 2008, Microsoft launched the Windows XP SP3 patch pack and announced that this was the last upgrade of Windows XP.[8]
On June 30, 2008, Microsoft stopped selling Windows XP.
On April 14, 2009, Microsoft stopped mainstream technical support for Windows XP, including newIE、DirectX、MSNOther Microsoft services cannot be used on XP.
On March 11, 2014,Microsoft ChinaAnnounce that it will work withQihoo 360The company cooperates to provide security protection services for Chinese XP users during the transition period, andWindows 8Upgrade scheme.[9]
Out of Service
On April 8, 2014, Microsoft stopped supporting and servicing all versions of Windows XP, including patches, upgrades and bug fixes.[10]
On May 13, 2017, due to“Wannacry”The blackmail worm event had a huge impact. Microsoft issued an announcement, again releasing a special patch for Windows XP, which has stopped supporting.[11]
In June 2023, Microsoft will release the 4K HD version of WinXP Blue Sky and White Cloud Wallpaper for free download.[23]
Update Package (Service Pack)
Service Pack 2 of Windows XP (SP2 for short, code name "Springboard") was launched on August 25, 2004.SP2 introduces several important function supplements, mainly focusing on improving system security and network functions:
1. Windows firewall enhancement: SP2 significantly enhances the functions of Windows firewall, including opening the firewall by default, increasing the control of network access, and providing users with a more intuitive interface to manage firewall settings.
2. Automatic update improvement: SP2 improves the automatic update function of the Windows operating system, making the installation of security updates easier and more automated, and helping users maintain system security.
3. Data execution protection (DEP): In order to enhance the security of the system, SP2 introduces data execution protection technology to prevent cache overflow attacks.
4. Internet Explorer enhancements: SP2 introduces several security and privacy enhancements for Internet Explorer, such as pop-up blocker and download manager, which improves the security and convenience of Internet access.
5. Wireless network support improvement: SP2 improves the support for wireless networks, including simplifying the setup and connection process of wireless networks, and adding support for Wi Fi Protected Access (WPA) encryption.
6. Bluetooth support: SP2 adds support for Bluetooth devices, making it easier to connect and use Bluetooth devices.
7. Attachment manager: In order to improve the security of e-mail and instant messages, SP2 introduces an attachment manager to help prevent the transmission of dangerous files.
8. Improvement of Remote Desktop and Remote Assistance: SP2 has enhanced the functions of Remote Desktop and Remote Assistance, improving the performance and security of remote access and assistance.
system function
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Windows XP CollectionWindows 2000Security, reliability, and management capabilities, andWindows 98Plug and play, simple user interface and innovative support services.Microsoft has integrated many software previously provided by third parties into the Windows XP operating system, including firewall and media player（Windows Media Player）, instant messaging software（Windows Messenger）And its close integration with Microsoft Passport network service, which is considered by many computer experts as a security risk and a potential threat to personal privacy.The increase of these features is considered to be the continuation of Microsoft's traditional monopoly behavior.[21]
user interface
Windows XP has a user graphic interface called Luna, and the window logo has been changed to a clear and beautiful four color window logo.In addition, Windows XP also introduces a "Select Task" user interface, which enables the toolbar to access the specific details of the task.However, critics argue that the task-based design only adds visual confusion, because it does not add new features other than providing toolbars that are simpler than other operating systems.The cost of additional processes is visible.[12]
Default Wallpaper
The default desktop background wallpaper of this system isBliss, a photo in BMP format.It was filmedNapa CountyThe scenery in the countryside, including the undulating green mountains and the blue sky with stratiform cumulus and cirrus clouds.Users can also use the classic interface of Windows 2000 according to their preferences.
opening menu
Windows XP took the lead in using the dual column menu, which provides the basis for the start menu of later Windows versions.Microsoft inWindows 8An attempt was made to replace the dual column start menu with the start screen, but theWindows 10Regression.[13]
Remote Desktop
All versions of Windows XP support Remote Help.Remote Help allows system administrators to connect to a client computer remotely to help solve problems.However, only the Professional Edition supports the remote desktop function.This function has two obvious functions: users who travel frequently need to log on to their company's computers remotely, and remotely manage the client and network.Users can access Windows XP remote desktop through any operating system (such as Win 98) that supports Terminal Services client.[4]
network
Windows XP has significantly improved the network, providing betterWiFiSupport, and native Bluetooth support is added to SP2.Windows XP also adds network QoS security mechanism, Internet Connection Sharing service and simple network file sharing.
Software support
Windows XP simplifies the installation and operation of software.The new WinSxS "side by side" folder can help solve the "DLL Hell Problem" (one program may overwrite important files required by another software).Windows XP adds an error reporting mechanism, and users can also obtain useful information from various error reports.
Explorer
Files in Windows XPExplorerFull color interface is used.There is little change compared with the previous version.But it also adapts to its Luna interface.
firewall
Windows XP is sold without opening the firewall, but the default configuration hidden in the computer will prevent hackers from opening the digital portal.The software realizes this by a simple method, that is, ignoring all requests that have not been initialized by the internal firewall.The first step for hackers is to find a machine. However, the firewall of Windows XP will not even respond to the "Ping" command.[3]
Automatic system recovery
In Windows XP, Automatic System Recovery only supports Professional Edition.This function is different from simple system backup and restore.Automatic system recovery can help the system recover to the previous normal working state when the system crashes or a major error occurs and the system cannot be started normally.However, compared with the current system recovery such as Windows 10, the automatic recovery of the system equipped with Windows XP at that time was not automatic in the whole process. For example, you need to manually open this function in the automatic backup to use it.
file system
Windows XP has realized the transformation from the old file allocation table (FAT) form to the updated NTFS file system.The new system has two file systems on its hard disk, which track files stored in different locations.The new NT file system allows the system administrator to specify who can enter or change the files in the system, and can also encrypt the file directory system.
In 2002, Microsoft launched tablet computers and Media Center, corresponding to special hardware.These devices are designed for business only and do not have a touch screen.In the early days, small netbooks were mainly based on Linux systems, and Microsoft launched a simplified version of Windows XP to compete with them.Windows XP contributed a lot to early portable devices.
System version
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Version introduction
Windows XP has five versions: Professional, Home, Media Center, Starter, and Embedded.
Introduction to Windows XP
Home Edition (Windows XP Home Edition)
A version for home users.As it is aimed at home users, the Home Edition has some functions that are shrunk, mainly as there is no group policy, remote desktopEFS file encryption, multi language, connection to Netware server, support of only one CPU and one display (note that there is only one CPU physically, which can support single CPU multi-core - such as dual core, quad core, and the professional version supports two CPUs and nine displays), lack of access control and IIS services, and cannot be classified asfieldEtc.However, Windows XP Home Edition only supports one processor.[14]
Windows XP SP1 Home Startup
Professional (Windows XP Professional)
The version for enterprises and developers provides more comprehensive functions than the Home Edition. It is a full-featured version of Windows XP.All pirated editions in the market are based on the professional editionVOLIt is the most comprehensive and functional version of XP. It has many functions that are not available in the home version, such as remote desktop server, offline files and folders, and encrypted file system.
Windows XP Professional Power On
Media Center Edition（Windows XP Media Center Edition）
It is specially used for personal computers.These PCs include the HP Media Center PC and the Alienware Navigator series.These computers have a remote control that enables you to turn on media in Windows XP Media Center.Windows XP Media Center version mustbindingThese computers are not sold separately.
Windows XP MCE Logo
Starter Edition (Windows XP Starter Edition)
Microsoft has also launched some low-cost versions for specific countries, named Windows XP Starter Edition.Designed for emerging markets and low-income users, Windows XP Starter Edition is based on Microsoft's Windows XP operating system.This version was first launched in 2004 to provide a simplified and easier to use Windows experience for those who have no previous computer experience.Windows XP Starter Edition includes many core functions of Windows XP, but some modifications and restrictions have been made to reduce costs and simplify the operation interface.
Some key features of Windows XP Starter Edition include:
1. Simplified user interface: It provides a simpler desktop and start menu, making it easier for new users to understand and use.
2. Function restrictions: Compared with the standard Windows XP, Starter Edition has some restrictions, such as running up to three programs at the same time, and does not support multi-user login.
3. Localization: more local language versions are provided to adapt to users in different countries and regions.
4. Educational resources: including additional help files and tutorials to help new users understand how to use computers and operating systems.
5. Hardware restrictions: In order to reduce system requirements, Windows XP Starter Edition has certain restrictions on the hardware used, such as memory and processor speed.
Windows XP Starter Edition
Embedded (Windows XP Embedded)
In order to occupy the embedded system market, Microsoft has released the Windows XP embedded version after the previous two generations of embedded operating systems Windows NT Embedded and Windows 2000 SAK, namelyWindows XP Embedded。Compared with the previous two generations of Microsoft's embedded operating systems, Windows XP Embedded has greatly enhanced its functions.
Version update
Note: This entry only records the official version and patch package.
Windows XP Version Update Record
Development phase
edition
Update time
Official edition
Windows XP
October 25, 2001
Windows XP Original Release
December 31, 2001
Patch Pack
Windows XP Service Pack 1
August 30, 2002
WIndows XP Service Pack 1a
February 3, 2003
Windows XP Service Pack 2
September 17, 2004
Windows XP Service Pack 3
April 21, 2008[8]
hardware requirements
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Windows XP Hardware Requirements
project
Minimum equipment
Recommended equipment
a central processor
233MHz
300MHz or higher
Memory
64MB
128MB
Graphics card
Super VGA（800×600）
Super VGA (800 × 600) or higher resolution
Hard disk free space
1.5GB
Over 1.5GB
Other equipment
CD-ROM
CD-ROM Up[9]
social influence
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Market share
In February 2014, according to the Web network traffic survey data report of Net Market Share, as of January 2014, the global share of Windows XP was 29.23%, with a quarter on quarter increase of 0.25%.
According to the third-party data report, as of October 2021, Windows XP accounted for 0.6% of the computers using Windows systems worldwide.[20]
system evaluation
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As one of the most successful operating systems in Microsoft's history, Windows XP has accompanied countless people for a long time.(Sina Online Review)[18]
Windows XP has long represented not only an operating system, but also an imprint of an era. It has not only been written into textbooks of various countries to accompany the growth of a generation, but will be forever remembered by history.(IT Home Review)[15]
Windows XP is one of the most popular operating systems. Since its introduction more than 10 years ago, it has been widely used and has a large user group.（Wei LiqunComment)[16]
System disputes
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Violation of Anti monopoly Law
In March 2014, CCTV Finance《Economic half hour》The program carried out an investigation when Windows XP was about to terminate its service. The investigation found that the inside story of XP retirement was a way to make money. At the same time, it said that Microsoft was suspected of violatingAntitrust Law。[17]
Source code disclosure
In September 2020, a batch of Windows source code appeared on overseas forums and social platforms, which seems to belong to Windows XP SP1 after confirmation.The relevant security researchers confirmed the source code as true through preliminary analysis.[19]
In May 2023, a tool named xp_activate32.exe appeared in the hacker community, claiming to be able to generate valid activation codes for Windows XP.According to insiders, this tool has successfully reverse engineered the algorithm used by Microsoft to verify the genuine key of Windows XP, and can be activated offline.[22]
Other disputes
Windows XP has been widely criticized for its security vulnerabilities and vulnerability to viruses, worms and trojans.In particular, the famous Blaster and Sasser worm viruses have widely infected computers running Windows XP.Microsoft had to release several security updates to fix these vulnerabilities.Windows XP introduces Microsoft's Windows Genuine Advantage (WGA) technology, which is a mechanism that requires users to verify that their copy of Windows is genuine.Many users and organizations criticized this move for violating privacy and bringing inconvenience to legitimate users.
Although Microsoft finally extended its support for XP, the company initially planned to end its support for XP in a relatively short time, which caused widespread dissatisfaction among users and enterprises, because many people still rely on XP for daily operations.The release of Windows XP introduced some new technologies and updates, which led to some old software and hardware incompatible with the new system.Although this is common in technology upgrades, it still causes inconvenience and additional costs for users.
When Windows XP was initially released, its default settings were considered to pose a threat to security, especially with regard to network and file sharing settings.These settings make the computer more vulnerable to external attacks.Major updates to Windows XP are provided through service packs (SPs), especially SP2 and SP3.Although these updates provide important security improvements and new functions, they also lead to compatibility and stability problems, causing dissatisfaction among some users.[24]
Because the Windows XP system is no longer officially supported by Microsoft, and many old devices are still using this system version.Therefore, users face many unknown risks.First of all, the official will not provide new security updates, which means that the newly discovered vulnerabilities will not be repaired, making the system vulnerable to viruses, malware and other network attacks.Many modern software and applications have stopped supporting Windows XP, which means that users may not be able to install or run the latest software version.There are also hardware compatibility issues. As hardware manufacturers gradually stop supporting XP, new hardware devices may not run on Windows XP or achieve optimal performance.Finally, the lack of support means that the lack of official technical support makes it more difficult to solve system problems.
