Li Yangcang:granaryFirst name.Established onSui DynastyDuring the reign of Emperor WenNorthern Song Dynasty, onWeizhouLiyang County (today's Junxian County, Henan Province)The foothills of Dapi Mountain in the southwest (today's East Erli, Junxian County, Henan ProvinceMount DapiNorth), nationalgovernment storehouse。Liyangcang has always played an important role. There is a saying that "Liyang collects and strengthens Jiuzhou".
Liyangcang Site has been selected as one of the top ten new archaeological discoveries in China in 2014.
ChinaancientIt is set by the government to adjust the price of grain and store grain for famine in order to supply the government with food for peoplegranary。Mainly use the law of value to adjust food supply and give full play to the stability of foodmarketThe role of value.staymarketWhen the price of grain is low, appropriately raising the price of grain for a large number of purchases will not only makeimperial courtA large grain storage barnTaicangAnd the Ganquan granaries are full of grain, and the border counties are also full of granaries.staymarketWhen the price of grain is high, the price should be appropriately reduced for sale.This measure has not only avoided "the low price of grain harms farmers", but also prevented "the high price of grain harms people"marketAnd the consolidation of the feudal regime played a positive role, reflecting the interests and aspirations of the people to a certain extent.
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Liyang Cangxi BorderYongji Canal, eastYellow RiverWater transportation is very convenient.The rent rice exploited from Hebei is concentrated here first and thenYongji CanalorYellow Rivertransport toLuoyang、Chang'an。It was transported from the Jianghuai River when it was used in the Northeastarmy provisionsIt is also stored here and then transported to the northeast, which is the only important thing in Hebeigranary。The ruling class of the Sui and Tang dynasties always attached great importance to the management of Liyangcang.At the end of Sui Dynasty, people were sent here to supervise the transportation of grain.Yang XuanganAccording to Li Yang's opposition to the Sui Dynasty, the economy relied on grain storage in warehouses.Xu Shiji once toldLi MiHe said, "There is a great disorder in the world. It was famine. Now we have Liyangcang, which is a great relief."Li MiIt is said that Li Yangcang "opened the warehouse to feed the people. In ten days, more than 200000 soldiers won".later,Dou JiandeIn Liyang, there is Shandong ".It can be seen that Liyangcang plays an important role in Hebei.
In addition《Sui Shu · Geography》CloudJibei CountyLu CountyThere is a good return to the warehouse.Lu CountyFifty miles to the southwest of Chiping County, Shandong Province, the northwest facesYellow River。The returned warehouse should beYellow RiverOne on the roadgranary。Due to historical records, the details are unclear.
staySui DynastyThe Sui government built manygranaryAmong them, Xingluocang is famous,Return to Luocang，ever-normal granary, Liyangcang, Guangtongcang, etc.The stored grain is more than one million stones.Tang DynastyZhenguan11 years, supervising the imperial historianMa ZhouyesTang TaizongLi ShiminReport: "The Sui family saved Luokou, andLi MiTherefore;The Xijing treasury is also used by the state and has not been exhausted yet. "Sui DynastyIt has been extinct for 20 years,Emperor Wen of the Sui DynastyIt had been collapsed for 33 years, but the grain and cloth had not been used up at that time.In 1969LuoyangFound aSui Dynastygranary——Hanjiacang Site。With an area of more than 450000 square meters, 259 grain cellars have been dug out.There is also a grain cellar with 500000 jin of charred millet left.It can be seen thatSui DynastyAnd the development of agriculture, transportation and storage.
Liyangcang was an important granary of the state government along the Grand Canal in the Sui and Tang dynasties, and its ruins have long been the focus of the historians and archaeologists.In November 2011, the Cultural Relics and Tourism Bureau of Junxian County hired a cultural relics drilling team to conduct a drilling survey on the area of nearly 100000 square meters in the north foot of Mount Dapi where Liyangcang is recorded in literature.After three archeological explorations, the main relics related to Liyangcang are the city wall, moat, warehouse cellar, rammed earth platform, large building site, road, tomb, ash pit, etc.
In December 2011, the Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology officially excavated the site of Liyangcang.25 large and small exploration squares and 4 trenches have been excavated in Liyangcang, with a total area of more than 2200 square meters.Three large building sites, two storage pits, 11 tombs, 83 ash pits, one road and 14 stoves were cleared.More than 10000 pieces of pottery and porcelain specimens were unearthed, of which more than 90% were made of building materials such as flat tiles and tubular tiles. More than 500 representative specimens of ceramics and building materials were unearthed, and more than 200 pieces of flat tiles with "official" characters were unearthed.
According to the archaeological experts on the spot, the layout of the warehouse city of Liyang is nearly square, about 260 meters from east to west, 280 meters from north to south, with a total area of about 78800 square meters. 84 warehouses in the central area of the granary have been identified, accounting for four fifths of the area of the warehouse city.On the whole, the silos are arranged orderly, with different sizes. The small diameter is about 8 meters, the large diameter is about 14 meters, and the most common one is about 10 meters. At present, they are about 4.5 meters shallow and 7 meters deep from the ground.As the silo was built near the mountain, part of the silo entrances were seriously damaged.The silo mouth is generally under a large rammed earth platform, and the silo body is round, with a large mouth and a small bottom.
Based on the average volume of 84 silos determined by exploration, the total reserve of Liyang silo is about 33.6 million jin, which can feed 80000 people for one year.Archaeological experts said that due to the actual conditions and the pressure of residential buildings, there are still unexplored areas, and the actual number of silos may exceed this number.
According to the literature, Liyangcang was established in the Sui Dynasty and was mainly used in the Sui and Tang Dynasties.This excavation also found that during the Northern Song Dynasty, the ground granary had been built on the warehouse cellar of Liyang in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and the ground granary was abandoned at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty.As for the reason why Liyangcang was abolished in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, there is no scientific basis.
The discovery and excavation of the site of Liyangcang, the declaration of the Grand Canal (Yongji Canal) supporting the history of the Sui and Tang Dynasties in Hebi Junxian CountyWorld Cultural HeritageIt is of great significance.[1]
