Squid, also known as Chinese squid, is a member of the genus Musculidae[10]OfMarine cephalopod mollusks.[11]The squid has a slender body with ten tentacles around its mouth, eight longer ones and two shorter ones. It has a degenerated inner shell and a pair of triangular or round fins.[11]There are 30 species of squid in all genera and 10 species in China.[10]
Squid is distributed in Fujian, Guangdong coastal areas and the South China Sea in China,[10]It is also distributed in Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, New Zealand, and other countries, and inhabits the seabed of the general shelf.[12]Squid has the habit of clustering and fighting, and like cuttlefish, it can constantly change color to adapt to the surrounding environment,[13]They eat fish, shellfish, crustaceans, etc.[12]Squid is a hermaphrodite. During the breeding season, it swims near the shallow sea and lays eggs on the bottom of the sea to attach algae or cairns.The spawning period is from spring to autumn, and the peak spawning period is from June to August every year.The service life is only 10-18 months.[12]
Squid has the effects of tonifying deficiency and qi, nourishing yin and beauty, etc. It can regulate blood pressure, protect nerve fibers, activate cells, prevent the formation of vascular sclerosis and gallstones, alleviate fatigue, restore vision, and improve liver function.Squid is rich in calcium, phosphorus and iron, which is beneficial to bone development and hematopoiesis, and can treat iron deficiency anemia.[14]Squid meat is tender, soft, delicate and delicious. It can be processed into dried squid and is listed as "first-class food" in the international seafood market.[10]The squid is large, and its meat quality and flavor are similar to those of abalone, so it is also called "the abalone of the poor".[15]
Squid was first recorded in the Song Dynasty of China《Compendium of Materia Medica》Quote from Song DynastySu Song《Pictorial Classic Materia Medica》：“Squid, similar to octopus, but without bone ear ".In classical Chinese, it is also called "Jugong".Xu Shen's《Analytical Dictionary of Characters》"The Fish Department" mentioned: "Quarry: the name of the cuttlefish, which means the sound of the fish." (The word "Quarry" refers to the name of the cuttlefish, which is pronounced "Ze".) It can be seen that the earliest name of the cuttlefish originated from the Eastern Han Dynasty.
In Chinese, because squid (that is, the order Spermatida) can also spray ink, squid and squid have the same alias of "cuttlefish", but squid is an order unrelated to squid, and squid equals to the cuttlefish family, whose range is a little smaller than that of squid.
In English, the Chinese word for "squid" is Decapodiformes（Ten Wrist Head）And the specific squid represent the narrower Squid/Teuthida (squid/Lanciformes）Or Cuttlefish/Sepiiida (cuttlefish/Teuthoidea ）。The public also cannot distinguish the three due to too many popular names.[6-9]
morphological character
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There is a pair of developed gills around the mouth on both sides of the head.It is often active in the middle and upper layers of shallow sea, with a vertical movement range of more than 100 meters.The body is slender and conicalKrill、sardine、Silver herring、Small male fishWait for food, and they are the prey of fierce fish.eggThe eggs are matured and produced in batches. They are wrapped in glial egg sheaths. Each egg sheath wraps several to hundreds of eggs according to different species. The number of eggs laid by different species varies greatly, from hundreds to tens of thousands.The squid has two gills as respiratory organs;The body is divided into head and short neckLoligo chinensis (commonly known as "squid"), with tender meat,Dry productsScale“Dried squid”, excellent meat quality, both at home and abroadSeafoodThe market is famous, with annual output4--510000 tons, mainlyfishing groundIn the Beibu Gulf of Hainan, ChinaFujianSouthTaiwan、Guangdong、HebeiBohai BayandGuangxiOffshore, andthe Philippines、Vietnam?andThailandOffshore, including Beibu Gulf of the South China SeaBohai BaySquid produced is the best.
Squid, although they are customarily called fish, actually they are not fish, but live inoceanInMolluscs, the body is slender, long conical, and there is a suction cup at the front end.The squid has two gills as respiratory organs;The body is divided into head, short neck and trunk.The body is slender and tapered, two of which are longer.Taxonomically, squid belongs toMollusca——Cephalopoda——Coleoidea ——LanciformesOf animals.There is a pair of developed eyes on both sides of the head and arms and feet around the mouth.[1]
Habitat environment
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It inhabits the seabed of the general shelf.[12]
Life habits
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Squid has the aggressive habit of clustering, and like cuttlefish, it can constantly change color to adapt to the surrounding environment.
It is often active in the middle and upper layers of shallow sea, with a vertical movement range of more than 100 meters.They feed on krill, sardines, silverfish, small male fish, etc., and are also prey of fierce fish.The eggs mature in batches and are produced in batches. The eggs are wrapped in glial egg sheaths. Each egg sheath wraps several to hundreds of eggs according to different species. The number of eggs laid by different species also varies greatly, from hundreds to tens of thousands.
The Chinese squid (commonly known as "squid") has an annual output of 40000 to 50000 tons. Its main fishing grounds are in the Bohai Sea, southern Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong and Guangxi offshore, as well as the Philippines, Vietnam and Thailand offshore.
On April 4, 2022, the Okinawa Graduate Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) of Japan published a recent research result, scientists found an oval squid, which can disguise itself by changing its body color to avoid predators' attacks.Although octopus and cuttlefish are famous for their ability to "disguise" themselves, this is the first time that squid has been found to have this ability.[3][13]
Distribution range
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Squid is distributed in Fujian, Guangdong coastal areas and the South China Sea in China,It is also distributed in Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, New Zealand and other countries.[10]
Reproductive mode
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Natural reproduction
Squid generally live in groups. Like most species in the animal kingdom, squid is a matrilineal society. During the spring and summer mating and spawning period, two or three giant female squid take the lead in collective mating.All squid like light at night, so when catching them, coastal fishermen use steam lights to lure them to surface, and then use nets to quickly block the escape direction from behind to catch them.There are a lot of "bubbles" containing pigment on the surface of live squid skin. These "bubbles" will change with emotional changes.[4-5]
Artificial breeding
Squid is a kind of preciousSeafood。The sex of squid fry is controlled manually to make the squid changeable. From hatching to the age of 10 months, the weight of male squid can reach 700g, while that of female squid is only 300-400g. Therefore, experts are discussing how to change most squid into males, so as to significantly increase the squid production.
The main method is toAndrogenAnd mixed in squid eggs 3 weeks before hatching (that is, the fertilized eggs that have not yet shown sexual characteristics are mixed with male hormones for hatching), and the male squid hatching can reach 75%.
Artificial breedingSome of the squid can grow very large, and the meat is tender and delicious.
Plastic bottle culture
Use wild young squid, put them in a 500ml waste beverage bottle with holes, seal the bottle mouth, hang them with ropes in series, place them in the sea and hang them naturally, add floating balls at proper intervals, and the effect is good.This method is simple, but the growth rate of squid is slow, which is suitable for the cultivation of plankton rich sea areas.
Cement pond aquaculture
Eight 20 square meters and 80 cm deep cement ponds are used. The bottom of the ponds is paved with 20~30 cm thick (50 cm thick in the center of the ponds) of sea mud, which is injected into the settled sea water. A total of 10~50 g (about 40 g on average) of squid larvae dug on the beach are successively dropped.Feed once a day in the afternoon, and the bait is live crabs dug from the beach (2-6g individuals, 300/kg on average).The indoor light is between 800 and 1000 LX.In the process of aquaculture, the water is changed (100%) times every day with sediment seawater.As long as the water is changed in high temperature season, the squid will not die.After about 6 months of feeding, the individuals generally reach 50~100g (about 70g on average) before catching.The method is simple and easy to operate, with low technical requirements, and is suitable for small-scale family breeding.
Purse seine culture
Squid is raised on the tidal flat in the middle and high tide areas with a net of about 3000 square meters. Squid will hide in caves when the tide is low and dry.However, the mesh of the purse seine shall be higher than the highest tide level to prevent escape.This method is simple and low cost, but it has a large area of digging and catching and costs much labor.[2]
nutritive value
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Squid, with high nutritional value, is a valuable seafood.
Nutritional analysis
squid
Squid is rich in calcium, phosphorus and iron, which is beneficial to bone development and hematopoiesis, and can effectively treat anemia.
In addition to being rich in protein and amino acids needed by the human body, squid also contains a large amount of taurine, which can inhibit the cholesterol content in the blood, alleviate fatigue, restore vision and improve liver function.
Its polypeptide and selenium have anti-virus and anti radiation effects.
Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of SciencesProfessor Wang Cunxin said that cholesterol can be divided into low density and high density. The cholesterol in squid is mainly high density, which is good for human health.The structure of fat in squid is obviously different from that in livestock and poultry;
Contains protein, omega 3 fatty acid, copper, zincB vitaminsAnd iodine.B vitamins can help relieve migraine, and phosphorus can help absorb calcium. Note: Don't eat more than one fist of squid every day, and it's better not to fry when eating.
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that squid hasNourishing yin and stomachThe function of tonifying deficiency and moisturizing skin.
It has no nutritional valuebe inferiortobeefandtunas, containing a large amount ofcarbohydrateAnd calcium, phosphorus, sulfonic acid, etcinorganic salt。The protein content of fresh squid is also as high assixteen%～ 20%, the fat content is very low, only about 4% of the general meat, so the calories are far lower than meat food. For people who are afraid of fat, eating squid is a good choice.High contenttaurine。Eating squid can effectively reduceVascular wallAccumulated incholesterol, for preventionAngiosclerosis、gallstoneThe formation of is quite effective.At the same time, it can supplement brainpower and preventAlzheimer's diseaseEtc.So easySuffer fromMiddle and middle aged patients with cardiovascular diseasesagedFor example, squid is a healthy food.
Modern medicine has found that although the content of cholesterol in squid is high, it also contains taurine, which can inhibit the accumulation of cholesterol in the blood.As long as the ratio of taurine to cholesterol in the food taken is more than 2, the cholesterol in the blood will not rise.The content of taurine in squid is higher, and its ratio is 2.2.Therefore, when eating squid, cholesterol is only normally used by the human body, not stored in the blood.The cholesterol in its body is mostly concentrated in its internal organs.There is no need to worry about the increase in cholesterol intake due to squid consumption.
Tips
Squid needs to be cooked and thoroughly cooked before eating, because there is a polypeptide component in the fresh squid. If you eat it without cooking it thoroughly, it will lead to intestinal movement disorder.Squid or somethingaquatic productPeople with cold nature and spleen and stomach deficiency should eat less.Squid contains more cholesterol, soHyperlipidemia、Hypercholesterolemia、Arteriosclerosisetc.Cardiovascular diseaseAnd patients with liver disease should be careful.Squid isHair matter, witheczema, urticaria and other diseases.Applicable amount: 30-50g each time.
Efficacy
In terms of efficacy, squid has the effects of tonifying deficiency and qi, nourishing yin and beauty, reducing the concentration of cholesterol in the blood, regulating blood pressure, protecting nerve fibers, activating cells, and preventing Alzheimer's disease.In addition, squid can also help detoxify and detoxify the liver, promote the metabolism of the body, and have the effects of anti fatigue, nourishing yin and beauty, and delaying aging.
Cleaning method
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It is common to eat some food due to unclean squid products in daily lifepoisoningHow can you clean the squid when you eat it?
In order to sell squid well and keep it for a long time, the restaurant's vegetable market likes to "keep it fresh". Some illegal traders use chemical products to "stop looking" at squid in order to keep it fresh and look good;formaldehydeIt can bring the deteriorated squid back to life,Sodium benzoateIt can make squid "stay young forever"... How can we get rid of these harmful substances?
Do not soak the squid with detergent such as detergent. These substances are difficult to clean and are likely to remain in the squid, causing secondary pollution.
Experts said that in fact, when eating squid in daily life, it is better not to go to the street stall, but to eat it at home. You must pay attention to the sanitation and cleanliness of squid.
Applicable crowd: average people can eat it.
Applicable amount: 30-50g each time.
Special note: Squid must be cooked thoroughly before eating, because there is a polypeptide in fresh squid,Deficiency cold of spleen and stomachPeople should eat less.
Preparation method: cut the squid into 3cm long diagonal cubes, blanch them in boiling water, pick them up and drain them;Clean and cut mushrooms into slices;Add lard in the pot to cook, add chopped green onion, minced meat, sliced winter bamboo shoots, and sliced shiitake mushrooms, stir fry them, add water, then add soaked shrimps, cooking wine, refined salt, and white sugar, boil them, add squid slices, and after a while, add rice starch powder to dilute the sauce, add monosodium glutamate, pepper powder, and pour sesame oil.
Purchasing method
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squid
The high-quality squid is complete and solid, pink, shiny, with white frost on the surface of the body, fat, translucent, and no red back;The inferior squid is thin, small and incomplete in shape. It is reddish yellow with a little black color, and has no luster. The white frost on the surface is too thick, and the back is black red or musty red.There are two kinds of squid seen in the market: one is the squid with a larger body, which is nicknamed "gun squid"; the other is the squid with a slender body, which is nicknamed "squid", and the smaller squid is commonly called "small squid".
Giant squid
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It was reported by Korean media on December 30, 2013 that fishermen in Busan, South Korea, caught a 4.5m long, 100kgGiant squid 。The giant squid was so rare that it immediately attracted many people's onlookers after being dragged ashore.Jin, a local fisherman, said that it was the first time he had seen such a large squid with his own eyes after 40 years of fishing."I didn't expect squid's eyes to be as big as human heads," he sighed.
According to South Korean aquatic science researchers, giant squid mostly live in the deep sea, and it is very difficult for Busan fishermen to catch it this time.It is reported that this giant squid was finally sold for 300000 won (about 1700 yuan).
