Chen Suzhen (April 30, 1918 - March 29, 1994), formerly known as Wang Ruoyu, was born in Kaifeng, Henan Province, and his ancestral home is Fuping, Shaanxi Province.The first generation actress of Henan Opera, Henan OperaChen SchoolArtistic creator, who works in green clothes, and also works in other fields[1][2][11]。
At the age of 8, Chen Suzhen worshipped Sun Yande as his teacher and followed his stepfather Chen Yuting to learn art.Performed at the age of 10.In 1934, he performed "Three Sedan Chair" and other plays in Kaifeng.In 1935, he began to cooperate with Fan Cuiting. Just over a year ago, he appeared in "Ling Yunzhi", "Yi Lie Feng", "Liu Lvyun", "San Fu Xiu", "Xiao Ran Hen", "Privet Flower", "Di Shame Blood" and other plays, and made a series of innovations in singing, performance, makeup, clothing and other aspects.In the public opinion, she has won the reputation of "Henan Mei Lanfang", "Henan Opera Queen" and "Bangzi King".In 1936, he was invited to record 10 EMI records, including "Three Sedan Chair".In 1937, he went to Beijing and other places to observe and learn the art of Peking Opera.Later, he co founded the Lion Roar Troupe with Fan Cuiting.In 1940, he went to Xi'an to perform.In 1953, Suzhen Theater was founded in Lanzhou.1958 Teaching in Handan Theater School[11]。1962 Tianjin Yu Opera Troupe[16]。After the Cultural Revolution, he worked in Tianjin Art Research Institute.On March 29, 1994, he died of illness in Zhengzhou at the age of 76[2][11]。
Chen Suzhen has been an artist for 66 years, and has accumulated unique skills. She is good at singing, reading, doing, and fighting. She has pioneered the dance, skill, and formal beauty of Henan Opera, and her performance is rigid and soft, implicit and elegant, beautiful and delicate.She inherited the tradition and had the courage to innovate. She created a unique "Chen School" art, which was deeply loved by the audience. It represented the heyday of "Xiangfu Tune" and made a turning contribution to the reform of Henan Opera.Representative works include《Cosmofront》《Brahma Palace》《Spring and autumn matching》Etc[1][8]。
Chen Suzhen was born in Lanfeng County, Henan Province on March 20, 1918, the lunar calendar.His ancestral home is Fuping County, Shaanxi Province.On the 15th day of the eighth lunar month in 1926Sun YandeBe a teacher.On the second day of the second lunar month in 1928, Henan Opera was performed at Yongle Stage of Xiangguo Temple in Kaifeng《Sun moon chart》, as the heroine Hu Lianying[2]。
August 16, 1930, with my adoptive fatherChen YutingLeave Kaifeng together and go to Runyetai, Qi County.In 1932, Yu Opera in Qixian County《Three car》《Spring and autumn matching》Reprocessed.On August 16, 1934, he returned to Kaifeng to perform Henan Opera on Yongle Stage《Anti Chang'an》。In the same year, he performed Henan Opera "Three Sedan Ups", "Four March" and other plays, winning the reputation of "Henan Mei Lanfang"[2]。
In 1936, Shanghai Baidai Company produced 10 records for Chen Suzhen, including Henan Opera "Three Sedan Chair", "Xiao Ran Hen", "Yi Lie Feng", "Liu Lv Yun", "Di Shame Blood", "San Shangguan" and "Spring and Autumn Match"[2]，Not long after, because of his voice discomfort, he devoted himself to the quest for "work drama"[11]。
In 1937, she left Kaifeng with her mother to learn opera in Peiping.In August, the Lion Roar Travel Troupe was set up in Shangqiu, and the Anti Japanese War benefit performance began.In August 1938, we went south with Fan Cuiting to Mashankou, the junction of Henan and Shaanxi, to publicize the anti Japanese war and perform the anti Japanese war drama[2]。
In the autumn of 1940, he arrived in Xi'an with the Lion Roar Travel Theater, and performed the Henan Opera "Clean up Shame and Blood" at Sanshan Theater《Defeat the enemy and return to glory》Three scenes of Privet Blossom won the title of "Henan Bangzi King"[2]。
In 1942, he left the Lion Roar Troupe and arrived in Chongqing, where he and Li Xuefeng were preparing to set up an orphanage.In May 1943, he left Chongqing and returned to Luoyang to participate in the charity performance.In the summer of the same yearCui LantianBe an apprentice.In January 1944, the wedding ceremony with Yin Jingtian was officially held in Xi'an.At the end of 1945Guan LingfengShe is a just daughter.In the summer of 1948, he divorced Yin Jingtian in Nanjing[2]。
In the winter of 1949, he married Liu Xicheng in Kaifeng.In the same year, receivedWu BiboBe an apprentice.In 1950, he was elected as the representative of the first People's Congress of Henan Province.In May 1951, he went to Lanzhou to perform.In the autumn of the same year, she divorced Liu Xicheng.Married Zhao Yulin at the end of the year[2]。
In the spring of 1952, Guan Lingfeng was formally accepted as an apprentice.In September, he went to Wuhan to participate in the first Central South District Opera Festival and performed the Henan Opera "San Fu Xiu", which won the highest performance award - individual award[2]。
In 1953, Lanzhou Suzhen Opera Troupe was established.In December 1956, he went to Zhengzhou to participate in the first opera viewing and performance conference in Henan Province, and performed Henan operas Fanwang Palace, Cosmopolitan and Picking up Jade Bracelets, winning the highest performance award - Honor Award[2]。
At the beginning of 1957, he went to Baoding to form Hebei Henan Opera Troupe.On May 19, at the invitation of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, three performances were held in the auditorium of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles[2]。
In 1958, he taught at Dongfeng Theater School in Handan, Hebei Province[11]。In 1962, he left Dongfeng Theater School to perform in Tianjin Yu Opera Troupe[16]。In the same year,Take Zhang Xuebo and Li Jingbo as disciples in Kaifeng.In 1963, when performing the Henan opera "San Fu Xiu" in Xi'an May Fourth Theater, he accidentally sprained his left ankle and stopped performing martial arts[2]。
In 1966, the "Cultural Revolution" began and forced to leave the stage.In 1976, after the end of the "Cultural Revolution", he was assigned to the Tianjin Institute of Arts for research[2][11]。
In June 1979, at the invitation of the Cultural Bureau of Kaifeng City, Henan Province, he went to Kaifeng Theater School to teach Yu Opera "Universal Front" and "Picking up Jade Bracelets".In August, he led students from Kaifeng Theater School to re stage in Kaifeng and Zhengzhou to perform Yu Opera Cosmopolitan.In December, at the invitation of Zhengzhou Cultural Bureau, I went to Zhengzhou Henan Opera Troupe to teach Hua Hanrui and other actors the Henan Opera "Vatican Palace"[2]。
In March 1980, he was invited to Zhengzhou to participate in the Henan Henan Opera School Concert and perform the Henan Opera "Brahma Palace"[2]。In 1981, at the invitation of the Chinese Drama Association, he performed the Henan opera "Brahma Palace" at Beijing Jixiang Theater, and receivedZhou XiumeiBe an apprentice.From June to July, he was invited to Henan Xinxiang Theater School, Shandong Shenxian Youth Henan Opera Troupe, and Shanxi Changzhi Theater School.In August, he led the Youth Henan Opera Troupe of Shenxian County, Shandong Province, to Beijing to report and perform[2]。
In the summer of 1985, he went to Xi'an, Lanzhou and other places to perform in search of roots.In April 1988, he returned to Qixian County to give a root searching performance.May, receiptNiu ShuxianBe an apprentice.In February 1992, he gave a family visit performance in Zhengzhou, and published many articles such as "Ode to Travelers" and "Feeling of Returning Home" in Zhengzhou Evening News, Local Opera Art and other newspapers[2]。
On February 26, 1994, he was invited to return to Zhengzhou from Tianjin to participate in the selection of the National Yu Opera Ugly Contest.On March 23, he dictated "Chen Clan Disciple Talk".At 2:20 p.m. on March 29, Chen Suzhen died of illness[2]。
Individual Award of the First Central South District Drama Observation Festival[15]
Award
1956-12
Honorary Award of the First Henan Opera Observation and Performance Conference[15]
Award
artistic characteristics
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music for voices in a Chinese opera
Chen Suzhen's singing was inspired by the auspicious tunes, and on this basis, he made bold innovations, forming an artistic style of simplicity, elegance, grace, sadness, beauty and hardness.As early as around 1935, Chen Suzhen boldly absorbed and melted some new singing materials from western Henan to enrich and develop Xiangfu Tunes.On the basis of inheriting the traditional singing of Xiangfu Tune, Chen Suzhen, on the one hand, made the primitive and simple artistic style of Xiangfu Tune more prominent, on the other hand, enriched and developed the music melody of Xiangfu Tune.To unify simplicity and richness, simplicity and diversity in a harmonious whole[6][14][17]。
When Chen Suzhen first appeared on the stage, that is, before the foundation of Henan Opera was laid in the city, the Dan roles were mainly played by men;Because men and women have different voices and different sound areas, a large part of the legacy of singing with women will be eliminated due to the loss of use value.In this transitional period, Chen Suzhen, under the guidance of some innovative Henan opera seniors and in cooperation with Fan Cuiting, repeatedly recited and created new tunes through such plays as Picking up firewood, Anti Chang'an, and Three Sedan chairs, striving to be refined in singing, trying to implement a new style in accompaniment, filling in the melody, and achieving coordination in the combination of male and female voices;Together with the efforts of some other famous actors (such as Ma Shuangzhi, Si Fengying, Tian Xiuling, etc.) in the same period, a set of exquisite and transparent "Xiangfu Tune" Dan singing tunes adapted to female singing was finally formed.And "Three Sedan chairs", the famous "seeing off drama" at that time, was also sung by her as a "home watching drama" with distinctive vocal art.Because of the affirmation of the audience, the praise of the public opinion, the promotion of the record and the singing of its representative drama purpose, it was recognized as "this is the orthodox auspicious tune".Orthodox people are "pure".Because her singing style is steady and unadorned, simple and dignified, it increases the feeling of "purity". An art variety is both colorful and pure.Although she often uses "Qiao Kou" to fill in some empty words on the front and back of the board in her singing, it still makes people fresh, "pure" and "mellow" - the rich flavor of Xiangfu can be seen at a glance[13]。
Chen Suzhen's singing method is mainly fake voice, dignified and generous, steady and graceful, simple voice and simple melody.The famous "70 fold" reform and creation in "Picking firewood" in Spring and Autumn Matchmaking is a representative of her style.In order to show Jiang Qiulian's feeling of grief and sadness as she walks through the wilderness, thinking about her father and mother, this adagio "seven twists" has been used in twists and turns, which is very expressive.The first three turns of singing "Humble and go out and lower your head" were changed to the adagio first sentence singing method, which gave it an emotional look with a slow and steady rhythm and a graceful and dignified voice. It accurately showed the appearance of a girl who was forced out and felt sad but still elegant, making people sincerely love and pity.Then he used a very simple and emphasized tone to sing: "Cry for a father, then call for a mother", during which the emphasis on "Cry for a mother" was an extremely sad tone composed of "four degrees" of leap forward and "five degrees" of decline, which showed the feelings of missing mother from the heart of a weak girl incisively and vividly, and at the same time formed a contrast with the tone of "Cry for a father",It is especially painful and sad.Next, "I can't stop my tears", "It's hard for me, my dear mother, to pick up the reed flowers", and the continuation of the adagio "a string of bells" singing method has been drastically cut down and replaced with simple adagio rhyme.The whole aria gives people a simple and generous, implicit and profound beauty.In particular, the "wave tremolo" in singing plays a special role in reflecting the different levels of emotions in the characters' hearts.The "pimple tone" in Cui Jin's "three on the sedan chair" when he decides to get on the sedan chair [plus rolling stack singing], the "three on the tone" of singing three sighs, with mellow charm, sadness and sadness, accurately expresses the complicated inner feelings of the protagonist, and shows the steady and dignified artistic style of the artist[14]。
perform
At that time, in order to change the "vulgar" and "vulgar" art of Henan Opera as soon as possible, Fan Cuiting led Chen Suzhen to Beijing to watch Beijing Opera in 1937 and systematically learned the hands, eyes, body, methods and steps of Beijing Opera.Chen Suzhen can not only learn the form and lead the spirit, but also learn from death and use it flexibly. In a number of Fan dramas she starred in, such as "Three Brush Sleeves", "Ling Yunzhi", "Clean up Shame Blood", and "Liu Lvyun", she has properly integrated the big fast gun, small fast gun, hook knife, pair knife, gun exit, sword exit, women start to bully, horse and other routines of Beijing Opera into her own performances,He successfully created a number of heroines on the stage of Henan Opera.
What is particularly striking is that in the process of exploring his own performance style system, Chen Suzhen skillfully applied Peking Opera's Taibu Gong, Zhifa Gong, Fan Gong, Shuixiu Gong to Henan Opera's Zhengdan, Boudoir Dan, Huadan and other lines, and also embodied the distinctive performance style of Henan Opera, creating a new Henan Opera Dan performing art.The unique "big braid", free and easy fan flower and sleeve flower in "Luoyang Bridge", the exquisite and exquisite fingering, eye and body techniques in "Clean Shame Blood" and "Privet Flower" have reached a high degree of stylization and technicalization with colorful and exquisite skills[14]。
The mature and sophisticated performance art of Chen Suzhen is marked by its rich connotation, clear hierarchy and combination of hardness and softness.In Cosmopolitan, Zhao Gao wants to force his daughter to go to the palace to accompany the king. Chen Suzhen plays Zhao Yanrong, who turns from surprise to panic, from panic to panic, and then from panic to anger. It moves forward layer by layer, thought-provoking, and tepid, so that Zhao Yanrong's noble quality of "being rich and noble cannot be obscene, and powerful cannot be subdued" can be demonstrated.Tong Yushan, who plays the role of Tong Yushan in the "Righteous Wind", shows the three shocks caused by the character's three "truths" facing the Demon King Xuehai, in a continuous, meticulous, full and substantial way, which is the only way to break out the sea of catharsis when the protagonist is pained and awakened, and suddenly makes the whole scene show the majestic beauty of "thousands of feet turning stones" and "water rushing boulders",It is breathtaking and soul stirring.
Chen Suzhen's performance not only has rich connotation, but also attaches importance to the beauty of appearance and form.She is good at using rich dance vocabulary to shape characters to convey feelings: expressing pure feelings, feeling and righteousness, charming and romantic;The performance is lively, free and easy, extraordinary and refined;The performance is dignified, graceful, deep and graceful.The Luoyang Bridge shows Ye Hanyan's admiration for Hua Yun. The virtual action of pulling the bow, shooting wild geese and praising her is concise, beautiful and full of interest;Ye Hanyan, who is sick of thinking about clouds, is fascinated by her dancing movements, which are delicate and smart.Picking up Jade Bracelets shows that Sun Yujiao feeds chickens, which is cute, beautiful and lifelike, bringing the sweetness of a farm yard to life. Her performance makes the characters reflect the innocence of a small family.
The dance vocabulary created by Chen Suzhen also pays special attention to the use of costumes and props to increase its artistic expression, such as knives, guns, swords, halberds, braids, water sleeves, fans, handkerchiefs, etc. As long as she is in her hands, she will change from death to life, from static to dynamic, skillful, superb, and always give people great artistic enjoyment.In Luoyang Bridge, the infatuated woman Ye Hanyan expressed her burning emotion when she was dressing up to greet her marriage. Chen Suzhen combined a good fan with a big braid to fly up and down, just like a butterfly playing with flowers and dragonflies touching the water;Around, it looks like a fairy scattering flowers, colorful.In Cosmopolitan, in order to vent Zhao Yanrong's grief and anger, Chen Suzhen changes various techniques of water sleeves at will, with thousands of postures. The dancing like flowing clouds and flowing water makes people feel sad, sad, sad and soul stirring[14]。
Make up
In the 1930s, the costumes and make-up of the actors in Henan Opera were simple and crude, and they were very careless.Yusheng Theater has made drastic innovations in stage equipment, costumes and other aspects.Chen Suzhen is the most innovative in makeup. She imitates Beijing Opera, and has reformed the methods of pasting sideburns, thrushes, and drawing eyes. At the same time, she has also innovated how to use rouge, powder, lipstick, and eyebrow pencil, beautifying the style of Dan actors in Henan Opera, and adding charm to the coarser and more rustic "local opera"[14]。
Character evaluation
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Chen Suzhen is a great master of Henan Opera.Her stage steps and figure performances that do not lose the local flavor of Henan but also have a little flavor of Beijing Opera are superior and outstanding[3]。(Cui Lantian, founder of Cui School of Henan Opera)
Chen Suzhen is a master of performing arts. Her artistic attainments are very high, and she is an excellent actor loved by the masses[18]。(Tian Han, a literary activist and one of the three founders of modern Chinese drama)
Chen Su is really "beautiful and comprehensive", which is rare among local actors in China.Chen Suzhen has made three contributions to Henan Opera Danxing. The first is to reform the makeup technology of Henan Opera Danxing and improve its aesthetic feeling;Second, in terms of tune, it changes the old tune into the new one on the basis of the auspicious tune of Henan Opera, which improves the rhythmic beauty of the Danxing tune of Henan Opera;Third, in performance, her watersleeves, Qiaogong, Taibu, Fan Gong, Braid Gong, etc. have all made innovations, improving the expressiveness of Dan Xing in Henan Opera[10]。（Wang Shaojun, Director of the Performance Department of the Chinese Academy of Drama)
In the 1930s, Chen Suzhen and Fan Cuiting worked together to update the accompaniment instruments, expand the singing style of Xiangfu Tune, enrich and optimize the stage performance skills, and guide Henan Opera into a classic and elegant aesthetic realm.Learn from drama and film, build a new and unique editing and directing system, integrate the principle of opera freehand brushwork into the stylized system creation project, lead Henan Opera to abandon the old in all directions and achieve the leap from ancient opera to modern Henan Opera[9]。(China Literature and Art Network)
Master Chen Suzhen is the epitome of the auspicious tune and Danxing tune of Henan Opera, the pioneer and pioneer of modern Henan Opera. In his nearly 70 years of artistic career, he has made historic and pioneering contributions to the development of Henan Opera. He is recognized as the "master of Henan Opera", "a beauty god on the stage of Henan Opera", "queen of Henan Opera" and "king of Henan Opera".She created an implicit and elegant art of Chen School and made great contributions to the reform and development of Henan Opera[19]。(Henan Culture Network)
Chen Suzhen is a master of performing arts who has revolutionized the past and made innovations.She was one of the first female performers of Henan Bangzi Opera to appear on the stage, and also a pioneer who took Bangzi Opera from a rural high stage to an urban theater.She created a new tone based on the old tune of Henan Bangzi Xiangfu Tune, and created the performing art of Dan roles in modern Henan Opera[5]。(Large river network)
Commemoration for future generations
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On March 30, 2004, the Henan Provincial Political Consultative Conference, the Provincial Department of Culture, the Chinese Academy of Arts and the Dahe News Agency held the "Academic Seminar to Commemorate the Tenth Anniversary of the Death of Chen Suzhen, the Master of Henan Opera" in Zhengzhou and the Opera Evening to Commemorate the Tenth Anniversary of the Death of Chen Suzhen, the Master of Henan Opera[4]。
From March 31 to April 2, 2006, Henan People's Broadcasting Station and Henan Academy of Arts co hosted the Chen School Art and Auspicious Melody Concert in Zhengzhou Zhongzhou Theater to commemorate the 88th anniversary of Chen Suzhen's birth[6]。
On March 17, 2014, the "Henan Opera Chen School Drama" was staged in Zhengzhou Children's Theater to commemorate the 20th anniversary of Chen Suzhen's death[5]。
From April 21 to 24, 2018, the series of activities of "Pure Rhyme, True Sound - Commemorating the Centennial of the Birth of Master Chen Suzhen" were held in Kaifeng.The Chinese Dramatist Association serves as the guiding unit, and the sponsors are the Propaganda Department of the CPC Henan Provincial Committee, Henan Provincial Department of Culture, Henan Provincial Federation of Literary and Art Circles, Kaifeng Municipal Party Committee, Kaifeng Municipal People's Government, etc. The Propaganda Department of the CPC Kaifeng Municipal Party Committee, Henan Provincial Dramatist Association, Henan Yu Opera Theater, Henan Provincial Institute of Culture and Arts, Kaifeng Municipal Bureau of Culture, Radio, Film, Press and PublicationThe Art College of Henan University and other units undertook the activities.The event included six major parts: the opening ceremony of the centennial celebration of Chen Suzhen's birth and the special performance of "Liyuan Spring" on Henan Satellite TV, the performance of Chen Paixiang's classic melodies, the performance of Chen Paixiang's classic melodies, the forum of Chen Suzhen's artistic life summit, the opening ceremony of Chen Suzhen's memorial hall, the "Love Stage - Chen Suzhen's Memoirs" and the reprint of Chen Suzhen's album, etc[1]。
