Chen Lin (? - 2017), styled Kong Zhang, Sheyang, Guangling[17](now Jiangsu) people.He was a litterateur in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and one of the "seven sons of Jian'an".[12]
Chen Linchu was a local official of Gu Sheyang (i.e. Yandu),[13]In the last year of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty (189), he was the chief general of He Jin.He Jin called four side generals to Luoyang in order to kill the eunuch. Chen Lin once advised against him, but He Jin didn't accept it, and he was defeated and killed.Dong Zhuo is evil in Luoyang. Chen Lin takes refuge in Jizhou and enters the Yuan Shao shogunate.[14]Dong Zhuo leads the army into Luoyang in disorder. Chen Lin follows Yuan Shao to attack Dong Zhuo and takes charge of the secretary.[13]After Yuan Shao failed, Chen Lin was captured by Cao's army.Cao Cao loved his talent without being blamed, and appointed a toast to the Sikong military adviser, so that he and Ruan Yu could share the charge of the recording room.Later, he moved to be the leader of the prime minister.[14]Chen Lin died of illness in the 22nd year of Jian'an (217), and was buried in the salt wasteland by the ancient Sheyang Lake.[13]
Chen Lin is good at writing poems. As a representative of "A Trip to the Great Wall Caves with Drinking Horses", which describes the suffering of the people caused by heavy labor, the whole article is written in the form of dialogue, which has a strong impact on Yuefu folk songs. It is one of the earliest works of literati to write Yuefu poems. It is not only praised by later poetry critics, but also has a profound impact on poetry creation in the Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties,He is also good at writing chapter, table, and statement, and his representative works include "Yu Zhou Wen for Yuan Shao's Statement".His representative works of Ci and Fu include Wu Jun Fu and Shen Wu Fu.[15]
Chen Lin is from Sheyang, Guangling.[17]Pengcheng peopleZhang ZhaoWith Donghai peopleWang LangWhen talking about the taboos of kings in the past, Chen Lin and they were both Xuzhou people, and praised Zhang Zhao very much.[33]
Chen Lin is inEmperor HanlingServed as the generalHe JinAt that time, eunuchs were unauthorized.Emperor Shaodi of the Han DynastyAfter taking the throne, He Jin wanted to kill the eunuch,Empress Dowager HeHe Jin resolutely opposed it. He Jin wanted to summon local powers and soldiers to Luoyang, the capital, to intimidate and kidnap the empress dowager.Chen Lin dissuaded He Jin and said, "The Book of Changes said‘act without due consideration and end up in failure’, the proverb says‘close the eyes to catch a bird’。The treatment of weak animals can not be satisfied by bullying, let alone national affairs, how can we obtain success by cheating?Today, the general is in charge of the government and the military power. He moves like a tiger and likes to advance and retreat as he likes.To act with such authority is tantamount to making a fire. As long as we act quickly, exercise power, make a quick decision, and conform to morality, heaven and the people will agree.Instead, you give up your advantages and recruit soldiers from all over the country to Beijing. When the time comes, soldiers will gather and the strong will be the best.This is called‘Fight against each other and give people a handle’, instead of succeeding, it will become the beginning of chaos. "He Jin refused to listen to the advice and went his own way. He insisted on drawing troops from the local area to Beijing to coerce him, but he was killed,brutal militarist who dictated policy in declining years of the Han dynastyHe led troops to Beijing, abolished Shaodi and established Xiandi, which led to social unrest and accelerated the collapse of the Eastern Han Dynasty.[1-2]
Attached to Yuan Shao
Portrait of Chen Lin
After He Jin died, Chen Lin took refuge in Jizhou and attached herself toYuan Shao。[3]
In the second year of Xingping (195), Cao Cao attackedZhang ChaoYu Yongqiu.Dongjun Prefecture Magistrate appointed by Yuan ShaoZang HongIt was Zhang Chao's late official. He cried to Yuan Shao with barefoot trumpets for help. Yuan Shao had a good relationship with Cao Cao at that time and refused to rescue the soldiers. Yongqiu was attacked, Zhang Chao committed suicide, and Cao Cao executed his three ethnic groups.[18-19]So Zang Hong was filled with righteous indignation and confronted Yuan Shao.Yuan Shao sent troops to attack, but he could "keep fighting for years". Zang Hong, with a weak army and a strong enemy, vowed to defend the poor city and fight to the end.Chen Lin and Zang Hong were from the same town. Yuan Shao asked Chen Lin to write eight articles, knowing good and bad things, and taking responsibility for kindness, so that Zang Hong surrendered. Zang Hong wrote back (see the entry《Answer Chen Linshu》）。[4][20-21]
In the fourth year of Jian'an (199), surrounded by Yuan ShaoGongsun ZanWrite to your sonGongsun XuLet him ask the Black Mountain Army to send troops to save Yi Jing.Yuan Shao won Gongsun Zan's letter and asked Chen Lin to revise it. Chen Lin wrote on it: "It is said that at the end of the Zhou Dynasty,Zombie bleedingI thought otherwise. How could I expect to be attacked today? "[34]
After Yuan Shao died, Chen Lin followedYuan Shang。at that timeYuan TanYuan ShangCui YanCui Yan pleads ill and resigns, but is convicted and imprisoned.Chen Lin andYin KuiThey rescued Cui Yan and saved him.[23]
In the ninth year of Jian'an (204), Cao Cao attacked Yecheng while Yuan Shang was on the march. Yuan Shang led the army back, but Cao Cao defeated him.Cao Cao marched to encircle Yuan Shangying, but the encirclement was not successful. Yuan Shang was afraid, and sent Yin Kui and Chen Lin to beg for surrender to Cao Cao, but Cao Cao refused.Yuan Shang retreated to Lankou, and Cao Cao pursued himmayen When he surrendered, Yuan's army collapsed and Yuan Shang rushed to Zhongshan.[6][24-25]
After pacifying Yecheng, Cao Cao did not investigate the past because he cherished Chen Lin's talent.[10]Chen Lin was appointed to serve as the director of the Sikong army, who planned to offer sacrifices to wine and managed the recording room. Since then, most of the military statements were made by Chen LinheRuan YuDone.Later, Chen Lin was appointed as the supervisor.[3][26]
Chen Lin wrote all kinds of books and articles of denunciation, and then showed them to Cao Cao.On one occasion, Cao Cao suffered from headwind, and his illness was in bed. As he lay down and read Chen Lin's tirade, he suddenly rose up and said, "This makes me ill." So he gave Chen Lin more generous gifts.[22](Yu Lan cited Wei Shu to write this matter before Chen Lin's surrender to Cao Cao, and Cao Cao did not give Chen Lin anything.[10]）
As a representative of poetry, "A Trip to the Great Wall Caves with Drinking Horses", it is of practical significance to describe the suffering of the people caused by heavy labor.The whole article is written in the form of dialogue. The influence of Yuefu folk songs is relatively strong, and it is one of the earliest works of literati to draft Yuefu poems.Prose expurgation《For Yuan Shaoxi Yuzhou Wen》In addition, there are books for Cao Hong and Shizi.His prose style is relatively bold, his style is concentrated, and his writing power is strong, so Cao Pi has a comment on "Kong Zhang Zhang Biao Shu Jian" (again with Wu Zhi Shu).The representative work of Ci Fu is Wu Jun Fu, which eulogizes Yuan Shaoke's achievements in destroying Gongsun Zan.The Shenwu Fu praises the prosperity of Cao Cao's military appearance when he fought against Wuhuan in the north, and its style is similar to the Wujun Fu.Chen Lin's three changes of ownership during the turmoil of the Han and Wei dynasties, to a certain extent, showed his enthusiasm for fame.This enthusiasm is also reflected in his works.Compared with other people of the "Seven Sons", his poems and fu are more prominent in the performance of such contents as "establishing virtue and reputation".
Features of works
Chen Lin was good at writing Zhang Biao Shu Xi. Her style was relatively bold, her style was focused, and her writing power was strong. She was as famous as Ruan Yu at that time.Chen Lin has written many famous official documents, and her representative work is Yu Zhou Wen for Yuan Shaoxi.Liu Xie also gave praise to Chen Lin's outstanding achievements in the writing of Zhang Biao Shu Xi: in the chapter of Wen Xin Diao Long Cai Lue, Chen Lin said that she was "good at making threats";The chapter of "Wen Xin Diao Long · Xi Shifting" also said that "Chen Lin's Xi Yu Zhou, strong bone stuck";In the chapter of "Wen Xin Diao Long Zhang Biao", it is said that "Lin and Yu Zhang's Zhang Biao were famous at that time; Kong Zhang's name was Jian, which was also the symbol".
Chen Lin is also good at writing poems. There are only four of his poems, which are representative of "A Trip to the Great Wall Caves with Horse Drinking". They describe the suffering of the people caused by heavy labor and express the poet's sympathy for the people, which is of great practical significance.The whole article is written in the form of dialogue. Yuefu folk songs have a strong influence. It is one of the earliest works of literati to draft Yuefu poems. The style of poetry is simple, vivid and full of folk song characteristics. It is not only praised by later poetry critics, but also has a profound impact on poetry creation in the Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties.
Character evaluation
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Cao Pi"Today's literati are Kong Rongwen Ju of the State of Lu, Chen Lin and Kong Zhang of Guangling, Can Zhongxuan of the Shanyang King, Xu Ganwei of Beihai, Yu Yuanyu of Chen Liuruan, Runan Ying Tang Delian, Liu Zhen of Dongping, and Si Qizi. They have nothing left in their studies, nothing left in their resignations, and nothing left to fake. They can ride together with their own heroes for thousands of miles. It is also difficult to convince them."[8]
Cao Zhi"In the past, Zhong Xuan walked alone in Hanan, Kong Zhang flew in Heshuo, Wei Chang was good at being famous in Qingtu, and the public officials shook algae in the corners of the sea. De Lian rose in the Wei Dynasty, and his feet looked up at Shangjing. At that time, everyone called himself the pearl of a snake, and everyone called himself the jade of Mount Jingshan. So the king set up a skynet to cover it, and now he has gathered his own country.However, this number is still unable to fly away, and can lift thousands of miles at a time.Kong Zhang is a talented person who is not idle in poetry and prose. He often claims that he can be in the same style as Sima Changqing. For example, if he fails to draw a tiger, he will become a dog. The previous book mocked him, while the former book commented on Sheng Daofu's praise of his writings.It is said today that the husband does not lose his hearing. I cannot sigh in vain, and I fear the scorn of future generations. "[31]
Chen Lin in the 12th Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms
Zang Hong"Yes, Kong Zhang! If you can take advantage of the outside world, Zang Hong will give orders to your relatives. My son is entrusted to the leader of the alliance, and Zang Hongce is famous in Chang'an. I said I would die and my name would be destroyed, and my servant would laugh at my life and death without knowing anything about it. What a pity!"[32]
Chen Shou: "Emperor Xiwen and King Chen, with the honor of a childe, are good at literary talent and speak in unison. Only Can and other six people are the most famous."[8]
Wei Zhong"Kong Zhangshi was careless... If he did that, he would not only use fat candles to cook himself, but he would not walk high. There is a reason for that. However, a gentleman does not blame one person, such as Zhu Qi. Although there is no trunk, it is also magnificent."
Yan Zhitui"When Chen Kongzhang lived in Yuan, he called Cao a jackal; when Wei made a call, he called Mu Shao a snake and cobra. When the emperor ordered him not to be independent, but it was also a great trouble for the literati, so we should calmly report it."
wen tingyun: "I saw a posthumous note in the history of Qing Dynasty, and today I passed this grave. The poet has a sense of understanding, and the tyrant has no owner, so he began to pity the king. Stone Lin buried the spring grass, and the copper sparrow was desolate against the evening clouds. Don't blame Linfeng for being so sad that he wanted to learn calligraphy and sword from the army."（《Passing Chen Lin's Tomb》）
Wu Rong"Jizhou is proud of its heroes, but its words are used in Ye Palace. I can get the vertical writing. Where can Jiuquan meet Yuan Gong?"
Wu Yun"Among the Jian'an scholars, the most profound is the study of characters. It is particularly difficult to know how to use thousands of words with strange rhymes."
Ni Zhijian: "Chen Lin and Ruan Yu, the Emperor of Wen, called them the secretary's insignia, showing their talents, while Lin is very healthy. Kong Rong can be as charming as Wang Rong in the prose of the seven sons, followed by Chen Lin; the rest is difficult to compare."
Liu Xizai"The Qiu Wen Zhuang Festival was won by two people in the Han Dynasty. Kong Wenju and Zang Ziyuan are the same. Cao Zijian and Chen Kongzhang are outstanding in Jian'an, but they are not comparable."[11]
Lu Bi: "Chen Lin's predictions are just the same as Wei Wu's. Heroes see roughly the same things. It is appropriate for Wei Wu to love his talents."[9]
Anecdotes and allusions
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the arrow is fitted to the string
Yuan Shao was very powerful at that time. He wanted to win the world and became the emperor himself.In order to call on all the states and counties to attack Cao Cao together, Yuan Shao asked Chen Lin to write a famous tirade《For Yuan Shaoxi Yuzhou Wen》。Chen Lin listed many crimes of Cao Cao in her call to arms and scolded Cao Cao's ancestors for three generations.
Later, Cao Cao pacified Yecheng, and Chen Lin submitted to Cao Cao.Cao Cao angrily accused Chen Lin and said, "You dare to come to see me! At the beginning, you wrote a tirade for Yuan Shao, even if you told me about my fault, why did you scold my ancestors?" Chen Lin replied with a worried face, "I was forced by the situation at that time and had to do that. There was no way! It was like an arrow that had been set on the bow string and had to be launched."Cao Cao cherishes Chen Lin's talent and will not pursue that matter.[3][10]
Little witches see great witches
Zhang 纮He was a fellow villager of Chen Lin. Once, Zhang Xuan saw Nanlu pillow and liked its pattern, so he wrote an ode to it.When Chen Lin saw this essay in the north, she circulated it to others and said, "It was written by my fellow countryman Zhang Zigang." Later, when Zhang Xuan saw Chen Lin's Wu Ku Fu and Ying Ji Lun, he wrote to Chen Lin and deeply admired the two essays.Chen Lin replied, "Since I came to Hebei, far away from the rest of the world, there have been few people here who can write articles, so it is not true that I have received such excessive praise. Now Jingxing (Wang Lang) is here, and Zibu (Zhang Zhao) is there‘Little witches see great witches’My air is gone. "[36]
Graveyard dispute
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There are many versions of Chen Lin's burial place:
It was said that the tomb was in Xiapi.Xiapi is now Pizhou. It belonged to Xuzhou in the Han and Wei Dynasties and was one of the ancient battlefields.Cao Cao and Liu Bei once attacked and killed Lv Bu in Xiapi. Later, Cao and Liu rebelled, and Liu Bei occupied Xiapi.Later, Cao Cao returned to the Pi and captured Guan Yu.After being captured by Cao Cao, Chen Lin was treated with courtesy and joined the army all the time.Some people think that since Chen Lin did not die of natural aging, but died of epidemic disease in the army, she may be buried in Xiapi.
One said that the tomb was in Handan.The site of Tongque Terrace is located in the west of Linzhang County, Handan. In those days, Cao's father and son and the seven sages in the bamboo grove expressed their mind and generosity here, which is called Jian'an Literature in later generations.The death of Cao Cao and the prevalence of plague made the literati in Yexia dispersed. Most of the dead were buried around Cao Cao's tomb in the west of Tongque Terrace.When Wen Tingyun paid a visit to Chen Lin's tomb in the Tang Dynasty, he said, "The copperbird is desolate against the twilight clouds." Some people believed that Chen Lin was buried under the copperbird terrace.
One said that the tomb was in Yancheng.Yancheng has Dazonghu Lake, which is located in Dazonghu Town, Yandu District.The local people said that Wang Xiang, one of the twenty fourth filial piety, lay at the ice, Chen Lin's tomb, one of the seven sons of Jian'an, and Zheng Banqiao Teaching Hall, one of the eight eccentrics in Yangzhou, were all by the lake.He also said that Chen Lin's ancestral home was in Dazonghu Town, and the burial place was Sheyang Village beside the ancient Sheyang Dike, which is four miles west of Liujungou today. He also said that Chen Lin's grave had been found.
It is said that the tomb is in Baoying.The Annals of Baoying County in the Ming and Qing Dynasties both recorded that Chen Lin's tomb was in Sheyang Village, 60 miles east of the county seat.According to Baoying Pictorial Classic, "The Unified Annals of Ming Dynasty", "Jiajing Weiyang Annals", "Qianlong Jiangnan Annals" and other books all believe that Chen Lin's tomb is in Sheyang Village, Baoying.Only Cai Fangbing's Guangyu Ji said that both Baoying in Jiangnan and Yingcheng in Huguang had Chen Lin's tomb.However, Chen Lin was in Luoyang when she wrote the book of He Jin, in Jizhou when she returned to Yuan Shao, and in Yexia when she returned to Cao Cao. Chen Lin's tomb should not be found in Yingcheng.
Artistic image
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Literary image
Fiction《Romance of the Three Kingdoms》In China, Chen Lin's life is roughly the same as the official history.He Jin was the chief book of general He Jin at the beginning. When He Jin wanted to call people from all over the world to Beijing, Chen Lin tried to dissuade him, but she was not accepted. He Jin mocked her as a coward.[28]During Dong Zhuo's rebellion, Chen Lin took refuge in Jizhou and was used by Yuan Shao as a recording room.Before Yuan Shao launched a crusade against Cao Cao, he asked Chen Lin to write a call to arms to count Cao Cao's sins.At that time, Cao Cao was suffering from the head wind. He was lying on the bed. After reading Chen Lin's statement, his hair stood on end. He broke out in a cold sweat. His head wind suddenly grew stronger. He smiled and said, "If there is literature, you must use martial arts to help. Although Chen Lin's writing is good, it is like Yuan Shao's martial arts. What are the shortcomings of Chen Lin's martial arts?"[29]After Cao Cao attacked Yecheng, the hatchet man and Chen Lin came to see Cao Cao. Everyone persuaded Cao Cao to kill Chen Lin, but Cao Cao cherishes his talent, so he pardoned Chen Lin and ordered him to do something.[30]
Film and television image
Chen Lin, played by Wang Tao in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms
