Since the founding of the People's Republic of ChinaPLA Military AcademyEducation directorEngineering corpsThe commander is also the head of the military construction department and the commander of the special project headquarters.Participate in leading national defense projects andMissile、Atomic bombThe construction of the test base has successfully completed the two bomb base project, laying a solid foundation for the development of China's missile and atomic bomb cause.Awarded in 1955Admiralmilitary rank.On July 22, 1995BeijingHe died at the age of 86.[3-4]
Hubei Youth League School of the Communist Youth League of China
Occupation
soldier
Key achievements
Participated in all the counter campaigns against "encirclement and suppression" in the Central Soviet Area Participated in the Long March of the Red Army Participated in the battle of Zhiluo Town Participated in the Battle of Pingxingguan Participated in the battle of Guangyangopen
Key achievements
Participated in all the counter campaigns against "encirclement and suppression" in the Central Soviet Area Participated in the Long March of the Red Army Participated in the battle of Zhiluo Town Participated in the Battle of Pingxingguan Participated in the battle of Guangyang Participate in commanding and consolidating and expanding all previous battles in Shandong Anti Japanese Base Area Command the battle to capture Ganyu County Participate in organizing and commanding the Subei Campaign Participated in the Lunan Campaign Participated in the Battle of Menglianggu Moving to southwest Shandong and advancing into the Central Plains Participate in commanding Chen Tang and Chen Xie Corps to conquer Luoyang at one fell swoop Participated in the Eastern Henan Campaign Participated in the Huaihai Campaign Participated in the battle of crossing the river
Chen Shiju was born in Hubei on April 14, 1909WuchangHuangtulpi.[3-4]Chen Shiju's family was poor and he dropped out of school.[7]
In the spring of 1925, Chen Shiju was introduced to Shayang County, Hubei ProvinceShayang Town"Wan Yisheng" worked as an apprentice in the grocery store, sleeping on the board in the warehouse every night, and got up before dawn to clean the counter, sweep the floor, and lower the door and window panels.After the business starts, we scrub the hookah and kerosene lampshade, boil water to make tea for guests, unload and pour goods, and get dizzy all day long, eating leftovers.[7]
At the beginning of 1927, Chen Shiju participated in organizing farmers' associations in his hometown, and went to Wuchang the same year to joinCommunist Youth League of China。After studying in the military training class for students held by the CPC Hubei Provincial Committee, it was incorporated into Wuchangthe National Revolutionary ArmyThe Guard Corps of the General Headquarters of the Second Front Army.[3-4]
From 1929, Chen Shiju was appointedChinese Workers' and Peasants' Red ArmyThe platoon leader of the 4th Army, the deputy commander of the 3rd Column, the staff officer of the Column Headquarters, the chief of the staff office of the 1st Column of the 12th Army of the 1st Red Army, the chief of the staff of the 34th Division, the chief of the combat section, reconnaissance section and education section of the Corps Headquarters, and the battalion commander of the Corps' training battalion have participated in all the counter campaigns in the Central Soviet Area.Once inThe fifth counter campaign against "encirclement and suppression"Medium, participate in commandWenfang BattleWe wiped out more than 4000 Kuomintang troops and won an important victory in the fifth anti encirclement and suppression campaign of the Red Army.[3-4]
In October 1934, Chen Shiju followedRed Front Armyparticipate inlong march。Zunyi MeetingLater, he commanded the training battalion and the engineering team of the Military CommissionMaotai TownSet up two floating bridges for the Red Army“Crossing Chishui for four times”It provides engineering support.After arriving in northern Shaanxi, he served as the Chief of Staff of the 4th Red Division, the Chief of Staff and Acting Chief of the 30th Red Army, and the Principal of the school accompanying the 1st Red ArmyZhiluo Town Campaign。[3-4]
After the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, Chen Shiju assumed the post ofEighth Route ArmySection115 divisionSection343 BrigadeChief of StaffBattle of Ping XingguanAs the main force, the Eighth Route Army won the first victory in the War of Resistance.stayGuangyang BattleIn the middle, he led the army to set up an ambush skillfully, annihilated more than 1000 Japanese troops, and captured Japanese prisoners of war for the first time.Later, he participated in opening up the anti Japanese base in western Shanxi.[3-4]
In 1939, Chen Shiju was appointed commander of Jinxi Detachment.[3-4]
In 1940, Chen Shiju led the Ministry to enterShandongLater, he served as the Chief of Staff of the 115th Division and participated in the consolidation and expansion of commandShandong Counter-Japanese Base AreaOf the war.[3-4]
In 1943, Chen Shiju commanded the battle to capture Ganyu County, annihilated more than 2000 puppet troops at the cost of three people, and disrupted the Japanese puppet army's plan of "mopping up" and "nibbling" the coastal base areas.[3-4]
After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, Chen Shiju assumed the post ofThe New Fourth ArmyConcurrentShandong Military RegionChief of StaffEast China Field ArmyChief of Staff.Participated in organizing and commandingSubei Campaign。After the victory of the Subei Campaign, he suggested to the Central Military Commission that "the main force of the Shandong field army should be concentrated to support Jinan, smash the Kuomintang army attack according to the original plan, and then cooperate with Huaye to wipe out the Kuomintang army in northern Jiangsu, and then attack Huaibei", ensuring the victory of the Lunan Campaign.This battle wiped out two entire divisions and one fast column of the Kuomintang Army, realizing the intention of the Military Commission to "fight a bigger war of annihilation than the Subei Campaign".Then onMenglianggu Campaign Medium, assistChen Yi、Su YuThe diversion from the south to the north led to the annihilation of the 74th Division of the Kuomintang ace army, which led toChiang Kai shekThe idea of "solving the war in East China within three months" was shattered, and the plan to focus on attacking Shandong was aborted.After andTang LiangrateEast China Field ArmyThe Western Front Corps moved to southwest Shandong,March into the Central Plains, CollaborationShanxi Hebei Shandong Henan Field ArmyMain force marchDabie Mountain, mobilized and dispersed the Kuomintang army, and ensured thatLiu Deng's armyComplete the strategy deployment.[3-4]
In March 1948, Chen Shiju participated in commanding Chen (Shiju), Tang (Liang) and Chen（Chen Geng）Xie (Fuzhi) and the two corps conquered at one fell swoopLuoyang, cleanedLonghai LineA big obstacle on.Eastern Henan CampaignChina promoted the correct policy of "attack Kaifeng first, then wipe out and help the enemy", and won a major victory in wiping out more than 90000 Kuomintang troops.Huaihai CampaignAs soon as it startedChen YiIn the name of commander, instigate the deputy commander of the Third Appeasement District of the KuomintangZhang Kexia、He JifengThe 59 and 77 armies led more than 20000 people to revoltHuang BotaoThe retreat of the Corps created conditions.On November 9, led the 6th, 9th and 11th columns across Longhai Road, marched at a speed of 140 miles a day, and cooperated on the South RoadSu Yu、Zhang ZhenCommand the 4th, 8th and 13th columns of North Road, encircle and annihilateHuang BotaoThe Corps won the first stage of the campaign at Nianzhuangping.In the second stage of the campaign, he was assigned to command the 3rd and 13th columns of the East China Field Army andCentral Plains Field ArmySurrounded by South GroupHuang WeiThe Corps was completely annihilated on December 15.Phase III encirclement and annihilationWhampoa graduate who was one of Chiang Kaishek's favorite commandersWhen he was in the group, Su Yu fell ill due to fatigue. He took the command instead and won the final victory of defeating more than 250000 enemies.[3-4]
In 1949, Chen Shiju was appointedThe Third Field ArmyThe commander of the 8th Corps led his department to participateRiver Crossing Campaign。After the main force crossed the Yangtze River, it fought fiercely in Sanpu (Pukou, Puzhen, Jiangpu), cut off the Shanghai Nanjing railway (Shanghai Nanjing), and was the first to occupy the KuomintangPresident Office。JulyEast China Military and Political Universityvice-principal.[3-4]
After the founding of the People's Republic of China
In 1958, Chen Shiju concurrently served as the commander and political commissar of the special engineering headquarters of the engineering corps, taking part in leading national defense projects andMissile、Atomic bombThe construction of the test base was successfully completedatomic and hydrogen bombsThe base project task has laid a solid foundation for the development of China's missile and atomic bomb cause.[3-4]
In 1969, Chen Shiju became a member of the Central Military Commission of the CPC.[3-4]
From 1975 to 1978, Chen Shiju served as an adviser to the Central Military Commission of the CPC.He was a member of the 9th and 10th CPC Central Committee and the 1st to 3rd National Defense Commission.[3-4]
The character died
On July 22, 1995, Chen ShijuBeijingHe died at the age of 86.[3-4]
Key achievements
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The Victory at Pingxing Pass
In September 1937Eighth Route ArmyChen Shiju, chief of staff of 343 Brigade of 115 Division, participated in organizing the headquartersBattle of Ping XingguanAfter a day of fierce fighting, more than 1000 Japanese troops were annihilated, more than 100 cars were destroyed, and a large number of weapons and military supplies were seized, which was broken at one fell swoop“Imperial ArmyThe myth of "invincibility" will enhance the anti Japanese morale of the whole nation.[8]
Guangyang ambushes the Japanese army
On November 4, 1937, Chen Shiju led the 343 Brigade of 115 Divisions of the Eighth Route ArmyGuangyangAmbushed the Japanese army, annihilated more than 1000 Japanese troops, captured more than 700 mules and horses, more than 300 rifles, and a large number of ammunition supplies, and personally captured the first Japanese prisoner of the Eighth Route Army during the Anti Japanese WarKato Shifu。[8-10]At the same time, it also rescued more than 100 civilians escorted from the northeast by the Japanese army.[11]
Ganyu Campaign
On November 19, 1943, Chen Shiju commandedGanyu CampaignAt the small cost of sacrificing 3 people and injuring 37 people, we won the victory of annihilating two regiments of the 71st Brigade, the Pseudo Security Corps and the Salt Police Corps, and captured more than 2000 rifles, 8 light machine guns, more than 40 throwing barrels, 30 war horses, 2 cars and other trophies.[7]They defeated the Japanese puppet army's plan to encroach on the coastal areas and the plan to mop up them, and protectedCoastal Anti Japanese BaseAnd saved the people in the coastal area.[7]
Create two bomb bases
In April 1958, Chen Shiju, commander and political commissar of the special engineering headquarters, led the special engineering corpsUnit 7169100000 officers and soldiers came to the desolate and desolate northwestGobi, select inJiuquanandLop NurMalanMissileLaunch site andnuclear testBase.[12]
From May 1958 to June 1959Soviet UnionComplete before tearing up the treatyMissile Test Range In the first phase of the project, Chen Shiju led the builders to put aside the hardships, work overtime and fight hard day and night, and complete the first phase of the project ahead of schedule: built more than 100000 square meters of buildings, built the largest airport in Asia at that time, built 546 kilometers of roads, and erected more than 1800 kilometers of communication lines.[12]
On September 10, 1960, Jiuquan Base launched the first missile, and the engineering and equipment withstood the test of live ammunition.Malan base has conducted dozens of nuclear explosion tests.[12]
On October 16, 1964, Chen Shiju was the first one in ChinaAtomic bombAfter the successful explosion, he returned to Beijing.Mao ZedongHolding Chen Shiju's hand, he said, "Congratulations, you (the engineering soldiers) have made great contributions. You made a nest (the two bomb bases), and you have made great contributions!"[12]
Character works
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work
Three Years of Earthshaking: Memoirs of the War of Liberation[3-4]
article
Class Struggle Theory is the Essence of Marxism Leninism[13]
Chen YucangLiu De, M.D., an underground member of the Communist Party of China, is responsible for the Party's secret radio station.[12]
wife
First wife
Fan Shuqin, a native of Rizhao, Shandong Province, once served as an officer of the East China Field Army Headquarters and a communications instructor, participated in the battle of crossing the river, participated in the construction of the "two bombs" base project with Chen Shiju, and served as the director of the Communications Department of the Jiuquan Municipal Party Committee.[14-15]In 1941, he married Chen Shiju in Shandong Lunan Anti Japanese Base.Divorce in June 1981.Chen Shiju and Fan Shuqin have four sons and two daughters.[7]
Second wife
Li Zheng, a cadre of the engineering army's ruling office, engages in literary and artistic work in the army.[15]
children
The eldest son: Chen Hua[16], born in 1944, graduated fromPLA Military Academy, joined the army in the 1960s and retired.
Second son: Chen Yibin, born in 1946.He joined the army in the 1960s and has been working in the army and retired.
Third son: Chen Renjun, born in 1947.He worked in a state-owned enterprise and moved to Canada in 2006.
Sizi:Chen Renkang[7][12][17]He was born in Nanjing in 1952.Studied in Nankai University and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences[18]。He joined the army in 1968 and served in the Second Artillery Force of the People's Liberation Army. Later, he worked in the University of International Business and Economics.[17][19]
First Daughter: Chen Li, born in Beijing in 1951.He graduated from the Medical Department of the Fourth Military Medical Corps in the 1970s and has been working in military hospitals since graduation.He emigrated to Canada in the 1980s.
Second daughter: Chen Xiaoqin[20-21]He was born in Beijing in 1953.He worked in a state-owned enterprise and moved to Canada in 2006.
Character evaluation
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President of the People's Republic of ChinaMao Zedong: Chen Shiju took a very good stand in upholding justice and destroying relatives.[15]
Xinhua News AgencyChen Shiju has made contributions to the defense and development of the base areas in southwest Shanxi and anti Japanese base areas in Shandong;He has made immortal contributions to the cause of liberation of the Chinese people;For the military education of the Chinese people's army, military strategic research, the revolutionary, modern and regularized construction of engineering forces, the construction of China's national defense projects and missile and atomic bomb projects,[5]He worked hard and made a historic contribution.Chen Shiju had a firm belief in communism and a strong Party spirit.He opposed using power for personal gain and privileges, advocated hard work and selfless dedication;Strictly implement Party discipline and firmly support the line, principles and policies of the Party since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee;Considering the overall situation, being honest and self disciplined, proceeding from the interests of the Party and the people in everything, we have maintained the noble morality and fine style of the Communists.[2]
Commemoration for future generations
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article
Follow Mao Zedong All My Life: Remembering My Father's Founding General Chen Shiju
Mao Zedong and his General Chen Shiju[22]
Chen Shiju, the Founding General: Leading 100000 Special Engineers to "Make a Nest" for the Two Bombs[12]
The Legendary Experience of the Founding General Chen Shiju[23]
To commemorate the 20th anniversary of the death of Chen Shiju, founding general Chen Shiju: the first member of the Standing Committee of the Red Regime on the Hunan Jiangxi border followed Mao Zedong all his life[24]
The former residence of Chen Shiju is located in Chenji Village, Tuanlinpu Town, Duodao District, Jingmen City, Hubei Province.[1][30-31]The building pattern of the former residence is three main buildings and three halls. There is a big tree in front of the door, a garden and a fish pond are built beside the house, and bamboo forests are flourishing behind the house.Because the former residence has been built for a long time, some internal facilities have been damaged. Today, the main house is still the same.
bronze statue
The bronze statue of Chen Shiju is located atWuhanHuangpi DistrictLong ParadiseCemetery General Park.[32]
activity
On the morning of December 28, 2009, Hubei ProvinceJingmen CityActivities were held to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Chen Shiju's birth.[1][30][33]
