Long March IID carrier rocketLong March 4The launch vehicle is developed on the basis of the first and second stages, with a takeoff thrust of 300 tons and the capability ofLow Earth orbit(LEO) andSun synchronous orbit(SSO) required single and multi satellite launch capability, carrying capacityLow Earth orbit4 tons, corresponding to a 700 km solar synchronous orbit carrying capacity of 1.3 tons, which is characterized by high reliability, high safety, low cost, short period launch, etc.[1][9][83]
Long March IID rocket was launched in 1990 and launched for the first time on August 9, 1992Recoverable satelliteSuccess.In January 2012, Long March II D rocket wasChina Aerospace Science and Technology CorporationAwarded the title of "Golden Rocket"[2]。This rocket is the model with the shortest test launch cycle of China's active liquid carrier rocket at the launch site[3]。
At 15:36 on August 31, 2023, ChinaXichang Satellite Launch CenterThe Long March IID carrier rocket was used to successfully launch the remote sensing 39 satellite by means of a three-star rocket[100]。At 04:03 on October 24, 2023 Beijing time, ChinaXichang Satellite Launch CenterUsing the Long March 2DD carrier rocket, the remote sensing 39 satellite was successfully launched. The satellite successfully entered the scheduled orbit, and the launch mission was a complete success.[107]At 18:00:04 on November 23, 2023, China successfully used the Long March II D carrier rocket and the upper stage of the Expedition III at the Xichang Satellite Launch CenterSatellite Internet Technology Test SatelliteAfter the launch, the satellite successfully entered the scheduled orbit, and the launch mission was a complete success.[108]
At 18:30 on September 27, 2024, China successfully launched the first reusable returnable technology test satellite, Shijian 19, using the Long March IID carrier rocket at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, and the satellite successfully entered the scheduled orbit.[117-118][123]
At 18:30 on September 27, China successfully launched the first reusable returnable technology test satellite, Shijian 19, using the Long March 2DD carrier rocket at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, and the satellite successfully entered the scheduled orbit.This mission is the 537th launch of the Long March series carrier rocket.... Details
In 1990, in order to meet theRecoverable satelliteLaunch requirements, development of conventional propellant carrier rocket with high reliability and good economyCommission of Science, Technology and Industry for National DefenseThe Reply on the "Long March IID" carrier rocket development mission statement was issued, which defined the development mission of the Long March IID carrier rocket.The factories and institutes of Shanghai Aerospace Technology Research Institute transferred personnel from the Long March 4A carrier rocket development team, equipped with cadres, formed the Long March IID carrier rocket development team, and started the development of Long March IID rocket on the basis of fully inheriting the Long March IV rocket technology[5]。
Development history
Long March IID launched
In February 1990, the development of Long March II D rocket was officially launched[6]。
On August 9, 1992, the Long March IID rocket successfully launched a recoverable satellite for the first time, becoming a member of China's Long March rocket family.
From 1992 to 1996, the Long March II Ding 01 carrier rockets undertook three recoverable satellite launches, all of which were successful.Long March II Ding 01 carrier rockets were successfully launched under the severe launch situation of Chinese carrier rockets.
In 1996, in order to meet the launch demand of a new generation of returnable satellites with greater quality, the former General Armament Department of the People's Liberation Army convened the work of "two kinds of six satellite launch scheme bidding and selection", and launched the demonstration work for the improvement of the Long March II Ding 02 carrier rocket.
In November 2003, the first flight of the improved Long March II Ding 02 carrier rocket was successful.
As of January 2012, Long March IID carrier rocket has successfully launched 15 times in a row.
On December 29, 2018, the Long March IID carrier rocket, combined with the upper stage of "Expedition III", completed the multi satellite heteroorbital deployment launch mission for the first time in the form of one rocket and seven satellites, marking that the Long March IID carrier rocket entered a new mission field[5]。
The chief designer of Long March II D rocket isSun JingliangHe is a famous rocket master and liquid rocket engine expert in China, an academician of the International Academy of Astronautics and the Chinese Academy of Engineering[4]。
At 11:06 on May 20, 2024, China successfully launched the Beijing No.3 C constellation at the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center by using the Long March 2DD carrier rocket. The four satellites successfully entered the scheduled orbit, and the launch mission was a complete success.[117-118]
Technical characteristics
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overall design
The LM-2D carrier rocket was developed on the basis of the first and second stages of LM-4A rocket. The first and second stages have a diameter of 3.35 meters and are conventional liquid propellant two-stage carrier rockets.The typical carrying capacity of 700 km high solar synchronous orbit (SSO) is 1300 kg, which is the largest single and two-stage carrier rocket in China. It can be combined with the upper stage of the Expedition series to provide multi satellite hetero orbit network deployment and launch, greatly improving the carrying capacity above 1000 km orbit height.It can adapt to various configurations such as 2.9m, 3.35m and 3.8m multi type fairing[6][9]。
Long March IID multiple fairing satellite configuration
advanced technique
Long March 2 Ding and Expedition 3 Superior
In order to improve the carrying capacity, reliability, mission adaptability and reduce the development cost, LM-2D carrier rocket has continuously adopted advanced technology and continued innovation in the development process, and mainly carried out the following technical improvements.
Improve carrying capacity
The Long March II Ding 01 carrier rocket took the lead in using a dynamically tuned gyro platform (small platform) with small size, light weight, high accuracy and high reliability to replace the air floated gyro stabilized platform.A series of technical improvements have been carried out for the Long March II Ding 02 carrier rocket on the basis of the 01 carrier rocket, including lengthening the secondary tank, using the large nozzle of the secondary engine, extending the gliding time of the secondary aircraft, and adding the secondary propellant utilization system[5]。
Improve reliability
In order to reduce Class I and II single point failures of the control system and improve the reliability of the carrier rocket, the Long March IID carrier rocket gradually transits from the "single platform" state to the "platform+laser strapdown" redundancy, and then develops to the "laser+optical fiber dual strapdown" redundancy and the "optical fiber+laser dual strapdown" redundancy. Redundant servo mechanisms and redundant rocket machines are adopted,The I and II single point failures of the control system are greatly reduced, and the reliability index of the whole rocket is increased from 0.95 to 0.97 when the confidence level is 0.7.The first flight of Long March II Ding Jun using three new redundant platform schemes was successful[5]。
Improve adaptability
In order to continuously improve its mission adaptability, LM-2D carrier rocket adopts technologies such as satellite fairing of various configurations, increased emission and deorbit systems, increased attitude control engine systems, iterative guidance, high-altitude wind compensation and relay.In order to meet the requirements of constellation deployment in different orbits, the Long March IID rocket, combined with the upper stage of "Expedition III", flew for the first time in the form of one rocket with seven satellites, realizing the deployment of seven satellites in two orbits[5]。
Improve rail entry accuracy
Long March IID carrier rocket has GNSS integrated navigation technology, and the use of Kalman filter and simple reset algorithm has significantly improved the accuracy of the rocket's orbit entry, which can meet the needs of customers with high orbit entry accuracy[5]。
Adapt to multi ground launch
The take-off thrust of Long March IID carrier rocket is about 300 tons, and the corresponding 700 km solar synchronous circular orbit carrying capacity is 1.3 tons. It has the single satellite and multi satellite launching capabilities required by different orbits in Jiuquan, Taiyuan and Xichang satellite launch centers[73]。
Global carbon dioxide monitoring scientific experiment satellite, one high-resolution micro nano satellite and two hyperspectral micro nano satellites
thirty-two
twelve point two eight
CZ-2D Y39
Taiyuan
The commercial remote sensing satellite 01/02, the Bayi "Youth Travel" satellite (BY70-1), and the science popularization satellite 01 for middle school students
Saudi remote sensing satellite SaudiSAT 5A/B double satellite and Changsha Tianyi Research Institute three remote sensing satellites[10]Nine day MSI 7 IoT technology verification satellites.
forty-three
twelve point two nine
CZ-2D Y35
(YZ-3 Y1)
LEO
6Yunhai II satelliteThe first test satellite of Hongyan Constellation "Chongqing"
Remote sensing 39 satellite (one arrow and three stars)[100]
seventy-nine
nine point one seven
Remote Sensing 39 Satellite[103]
eighty
ten point five
Remote Sensing 39 Satellite[104]
eighty-one
ten point one five
Jiuquan
Yunhai No.1 04 star (successful)
eighty-two
ten point two four
Xichang
Remote Sensing 39 Satellite[106]
eighty-three
eleven point two three
Satellite Internet Technology Test Satellite[108]
eighty-four
twelve point one zero
-
Remote Sensing 39 Satellite[110]
eighty-five
two thousand and twenty-four
three point two one
Long March IID carrier rocket/Yuanzheng III upper stage
Jiuquan
Yunhai II group 02 satellite
eighty-six
four point three
Xichang
RS 42 01
eighty-seven
four point one five
Jiuquan
Siwei Gaojing No.3 01 Star
eighty-eight
four point two one
Xichang
RS 42 02
eighty-nine
five point two zero
Taiyuan
Beijing No.3 C star constellation
eighty-nine
Long March II D
Taiyuan
"Zhengzhou Airport" satellite[119]
eighty-nine
five point two zero
Long March II D
Taiyuan
Nanning II satellite[120]
ninety
nine point two zero
Long March II D
Taiyuan
Jilin No.1 Broad 02B01~06 Stars
ninety-one
nine point two seven
Long March II D
Jiuquan
Shijian 19 satellite
Launch mission
On December 19, 2012, the Long March IID rocket successfully launched Turkey's GK-2 satellite. The actual deviation of the orbit entry angle was only 0.003 degrees, more than 30 times higher than the general design requirements, creating a new record for the orbit entry accuracy of Chinese carrier rockets, and winning a good international reputation for undertaking international commercial launches in the future[9]。
At 15:19 on June 17, 2020, Long March II D was launched at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, successfully putting Gaofen 9 03 into the scheduled orbit.The mission also carried and launched Pixin 3A and Hede V satellites[7]。At 10:27 on August 23, Long March II D was launched at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, successfully putting Gaofen 9 05 into the scheduled orbit.The mission also carried and launched a multi-functional test satellite, Tiantuo-5 satellite[8]。
At 11:3 on June 11, 2021, Long March II Ding was launched at the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center, successfully putting the Beijing III satellite into the scheduled orbit.The mission also carried and launched three small satellites, including Haisi II, Yangwang I and Tianjian Satellite of Space Experiment 1[25]。At 10:51 on July 3, China successfully launched the Long March IID carrier rocket at Taiyuan Satellite Launch CenterJilin No.1Wide 01B satellite was sent into the scheduled orbit, and the launch mission was successful[26]。At 18:51 on October 14, China successfully launched the solar H α spectrum detection and double super platform science and technology test satellite with the Long March IID carrier rocket at Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center.The satellite successfully entered the scheduled orbit and the launch mission was successful.The mission carried and launched 10 small satellites, including the Orbital Atmospheric Density Detection Test Satellite, the Commercial Weather Detection Constellation Test Satellite, the Low Earth Orbit Navigation Enhancement Test Satellite, the Hede 2 E/F Satellite, the Traffic Test Star, the Tianyuan 1 Satellite, the Golden Bauhinia Satellite 2, the Undergraduate Small Satellite-1 and the Undergraduate Small Satellite-2A[28]。At 11:00 on November 6, China successfully launched the remote sensing 35 satellites A, B and C with the Long March 2DD carrier rocket at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center by means of a three-star rocket.The satellite successfully entered the scheduled orbit and the launch mission was successful[30]。At 19:13 on December 29, China successfully launched Tianpi-4 satellite from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center with Long March IID carrier rocket, and the satellite entered the scheduled orbit successfully, and the launch mission was successful[31][39]。
At 10:35 on January 17, 2022, China successfully launched the Test 13 satellite from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center with the Long March 2DD carrier rocket. The satellite successfully entered the scheduled orbit, and the launch mission was successful.This mission is the 406th flight of Long March series carrier rocket[37][40-41]At 10:38 on May 5, China used the Long March IID carrier rocket at the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center to successfully launch 8 satellites, including Jilin I Wide 01C satellite and Jilin I High Score 03D (27-33).The main star successfully entered the scheduled orbit, and the launch mission was successful[38]。The eight satellites launched into orbit this time were all developed by Changguang Satellite Company, including one Jilin No.1 wide 01C satellite and seven Jilin No.1 high score 03D satellites, mainly providing remote sensing data and product services for users in forestry, agriculture, grassland, ocean, resources, environment and other industries[44]。
At 10:38 on May 5, 2022, China used the Long March IID carrier rocket at Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center, successfullyJilin No.1 Wide 01C Satellite8 satellites including Jilin No.1 High Score 03D (27 ～ 33) were launched.The main star successfully entered the scheduled orbit, and the launch mission was successful[38][45]。
At 10:22 on June 23, 2022, China used the Long March IID carrier rocket at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center and successfully launchedRemote sensing 35 group 02 satelliteAfter the launch, the satellite successfully entered the scheduled orbit, and the launch mission was successful.[45]
At 21:28 on July 29, 2022, China successfully used the Long March IID carrier rocket at the Xichang Satellite Launch CenterRemote sensing 35 group 03 satelliteLaunch.The satellite successfully entered the scheduled orbit and the launch mission was successful[48][59]。
At 1:37 on August 20, 2022, Beijing time, the Long March IID carrier rocket was successfully launched at Xichang Satellite Launch CenterRemote Sensing 35 Group 04 SatelliteA, B, C stars.The satellite successfully entered the scheduled orbit and the launch mission was successful[50-51][60]。
At 11:01 on August 24, 2022 (Beijing time), ChinaTaiyuan Satellite Launch CenterUsing Long March IID carrier rocket, successfullyBeijing No.3 B starAfter the launch, the satellite successfully entered the scheduled orbit, and the launch mission was successful.The satellite mainly provides telemetry data services for land and resources management, agricultural resources survey, ecological environment monitoring, urban comprehensive application and other fields[52]。
At 12:19 on September 6, 2022, at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center, the Long March IID carrier rocket“Three Stars with One Arrow”Successful mode willRemote sensing 35 group 05 satelliteIt was launched, and then the satellite entered the predetermined orbit, and the launch mission was successful[56-58]。
At 07:15 on September 21, 2022, the Long March IID carrier rocketJiuquan Satellite Launch CenterSuccess willYunhai No.1 03 StarThe launch mission is successful after being sent to the scheduled orbit[64]。
At 21:38 on September 26, 2022, Beijing time, the Long March II Dingyao 68 carrier rocket was successfully launched at the Xichang Satellite Launch CenterRemote Sensing 36 SatelliteThe launch mission is successful after being sent to the scheduled orbit[65-67]。
At 7:43 on October 9, 2022 (Beijing time), a new space science satellite, the Advanced Space based Solar Observatory (ASO-S) satellite "Kuafu I", was specially developed by the space science leader of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)[70]The Long March II D carrier rocket was launched at China Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, and the "Kuafu I" satellite successfully entered the scheduled orbit of "day by day" in space. The launch mission was successful[68-69]。
At 3:12 on October 15, 2022, Beijing time, China used the Long March IID carrier rocket at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center, successfullyRemote Sensing 36 SatelliteAfter the launch, the satellite entered the predetermined orbit and the launch mission was successful.This mission is the 444th flight of Long March series carrier rocket[71]。
The Long March II D launch mission was a complete success[90]
At 9:01 on October 29, 2022, China used the Long March IID carrier rocket at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, successfullyTest 20 C satelliteAfter launch, the satellite successfully entered the scheduled orbit, and the launch mission was obtainedsuccess[74][90]。Test 20C satellite was built byInstitute of Micro Satellite Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciencesdevelopment[89]。
At 20:23 on November 27, 2022 (Beijing time), China successfully launched the remote sensing 36 satellite at Xichang Satellite Launch Center by using the Long March 2DD carrier rocket, and the satellite successfully entered the scheduled orbit. The launch mission was successful[75]。
At 2:31 on December 9, 2022, China successfully launched Gaofen No.5 01A satellite by using Long March 2DD carrier rocket at Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center. The satellite successfully entered the scheduled orbit and the launch mission was successful.This mission is the 453rd flight of Long March series carrier rocket[77]。
At 2:25 on December 15, 2022, China successfully launched the remote sensing 36 satellite at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center using the Long March 2DD carrier rocket. The satellite entered the predetermined orbit and the launch mission was successful[78]。This launch is the 72nd launch of Long March IID carrier rocket, the 179th launch of Long March series carrier rocket developed by the Eighth Academy of Engineering, and the 455th launch of Long March series carrier rocket[80]。In 2022, the Long March IID carrier rocket successfully completed 15 launch missions, set a new record for the number of annual launches of the model, and created a milestone for the annual launch of a single carrier model in China[81]。
At 15:00 on January 13, 2023, China used the Long March 2DD carrier rocket at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center to successfully launch the remote sensing 37th satellite and the test 22nd A/B satellite. The satellite successfully entered the scheduled orbit, and the launch mission was successful.This mission is the 461st flight of Long March series carrier rocket[82]。
At about 11:00 a.m. on January 15, 2023, the two new members of Qilu Satellite Constellation, Qilu II and Qilu III, will go to space together with other 12 satellites, such as "Qilu Golden Bauhinia 6", carrying the "Long March Express" Long March II Dingyao 71 carrier rocket, and reunite with Qilu I and Qilu IV, who have been on business for 20 months.This flight is the 74th launch of LM-2D carrier rocket and the 462nd launch of LM-2D carrier rocket serieslaunch[85]。
At 11:14 on January 15, 2023 (Beijing time), China successfully launched Qilu 2/3 satellite and Luojia 3 01 satelliteJilin No.1 High Score 03D34 Star、Beiyou 1 satelliteAfter 14 satellites were launched, the satellite entered the predetermined orbit, and the launch mission was successful[86-87]。The mission was to try the commercial "carpooling" launch mode for the Changerding model. 14 satellites came from 7 research and development units. In view of the requirements for vertical, side hanging, CubeStar and other satellite rocket interfaces proposed by different satellite parties, the model made full use of the available envelope of fairing, and newly developed the ESPA universal small satellite adapter to form a combined configuration of multi satellite series parallel+side hanging,Solved the configuration and layout problems of rockets[88]。This simultaneous launch includes“Tiange Plan”Four Tiange satellite payloads from four universities of the cooperation group, including:GRID-05BThe satellite (carried on Changguang satellite MF02A07), GRID-06B (carried on Changguang satellite MF02A04) jointly developed by Nanjing University and Sichuan University, GRID-08B (carried on Tianyi Research Institute TY-28), and GRID-07 (carried on Tianyi Research Institute TY-28) of Beijing Normal University.[91]
At 18:50 on March 30, 2023 (Beijing time), China used the Long March IID carrier rocket at Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center to launch the Hongtu I 01 group of satellites. The satellites entered the scheduled orbit, and the launch mission was successful.This group of satellites is mainly used to provide commercial remote sensing data services.This mission is the 469th flight of Long March series carrier rocket[92-93]。
At 13:30 on June 15, 2023, the Long March 2 Dingyao 88 carrier rocket successfully sent 41 satellites including Jilin 1 High Score 06A into the scheduled orbit at Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center, and the launch mission was a complete success.[94]
At 10:50 on July 23, 2023, China successfully launched four satellites, Sixiang 01~03 and Yinhe Aerospace Lingxi 03, in Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center using Long March IID carrier rocket. The satellites were put into the scheduled orbit, and the launch mission was successful[95][99]。
At 4:2 on July 27, 2023, China successfully launched the remote sensing 36 satellite at Xichang Satellite Launch Center by using the Long March 2DD carrier rocket and adopting the method of one arrow and three stars. The satellite successfully entered the scheduled orbit, and the launch mission was a complete success.This mission is the 480th flight of Long March series carrier rocket[97-98]。
At 15:36 on August 31, 2023 (Beijing time), China successfully launched the remote sensing 39 satellite in Xichang Satellite Launch Center by using the Long March IID carrier rocket and taking the way of one arrow and three stars. The satellite successfully entered the scheduled orbit, and the launch mission was a complete success.This mission is the 485th flight of the Long March series carrier rocket.[100]
At 12:13 on September 17, 2023, China successfully launched the remote sensing 39 satellite at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center using the Long March 2DD carrier rocket. The satellite was successfully put into the scheduled orbit and the launch mission was successfulFull success.[102]
At 8:24 on October 5, 2023 (Beijing time), China successfully launched the remote sensing 39 satellite from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center using the Long March 2DD carrier rocket. The satellite successfully entered the scheduled orbit, and the launch mission was a complete success.[104]
At 04:03 on October 24, 2023 (Beijing time), China successfully launched the remote sensing 39 satellite from Xichang Satellite Launch Center using the Long March 2DD carrier rocket, and the satellite successfully entered the scheduled orbit, which was a complete success.[106]
At 9:58 on December 10, 2023 (Beijing time), China successfully launched the remote sensing 39 satellite at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center using the Long March IID carrier rocket, and the satellite successfully entered the scheduled orbit. The launch mission was a complete success。[109]
At 13:27 on March 21, 2024, China successfully launched the Yunhai II group 02 satellite at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center using the Long March IID carrier rocket/Yuanzheng III upper stage. The satellite successfully entered the scheduled orbit, and the launch mission was a complete success.[111-112]
On March 21, 2024, Yunhai II Group 02 satellite was successfully launched
At 6:56 on April 3, 2024, China successfully launched the remote sensing 42-01 satellite at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center using the Long March 2DD carrier rocket. The satellite successfully entered the scheduled orbit, and the launch mission was a complete success.This mission is the 515th flight of the Long March series carrier rocket.[113-114]
On April 15, 2024, China successfully launched Siwei Gaojing No.3 01 satellite in Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center by using Long March 2DD carrier rocket. The satellite entered the scheduled orbit smoothly, and the launch mission was a complete success.[115]
At 7:45 on April 21, 2024, China successfully launched the remote sensing 42 02 satellite in Xichang Satellite Launch Center by using the Long March IID carrier rocket. The satellite successfully entered the scheduled orbit, and the launch mission was a complete success.[116]
On May 20, 2024, China successfully launched the Beijing 3C constellation in Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center by using the Long March 2DD carrier rocket. The four satellites successfully entered the scheduled orbit, and the launch mission was a complete success.[117]
On April 2, 2024, Remote Sensing 42 01 will be launched
At 11:6 on May 20, 2024 (Beijing time), the "Zhengzhou Airport" satellite was launched in the Long March IID carrier rocket at Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center. The satellite successfully entered the scheduled orbit and the launch mission was a complete success.[119][121]
On May 20, 2024, the scene of Long March IID carrier rocket
On September 20, 2024, China used the Long March IID carrier rocket at the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center to successfully launch the wide range 02B01~06 satellites of Jilin I, and the satellite successfully entered the scheduled orbit. The launch mission was a complete success.[122]
At 18:30 on September 27, 2024, China successfully launched the first reusable returnable technology test satellite, Shijian 19, using the Long March IID carrier rocket at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, and the satellite successfully entered the scheduled orbit.[117-118][123]
Launch plan
In 2023, China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation plans to arrange more than 50 space launch missions, and the Long Erding rocket plans to launch more than 13 times[83]。
technological innovation
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optimize control
The Long March II D rocket continued to work on technological innovation and process optimization. In view of the mission characteristics of multi satellite tandem configuration, the off orbit subsystem developed by the 805 Institute of the Eighth Academy of Sciences was configured on the payload compartment separated after entering orbit for the first time;For the first time, the model uses a single ten meter control system to improve reliability and achieve the triple effect of miniaturization of electrical equipment and improvement of carrying capacity;The 2M code rate relay user terminal is configured to reduce the support pressure of the measurement ship and the launch cost of engineering tasks through space-based measurement and control;Through a series of measures such as autonomous optical aiming, optimization of air tightness test, advance installation of inertial units, optimization of test items, etc., the launch site testing process was compressed to 10 days[46]。
Long March IID rocket designs corresponding launch trajectory and guidance parameters for different launch dates of each mission;In order to improve the sealing reliability, the sealing structure of the first and second stage gas path ducts of the rocket was changed from the original ball head bell mouth form to the conical O-ring seal form, and the number of full rocket gas inspections at the launch site stage was reduced from 172 items to 72 items;Through measures such as improving the rainproof ability of the arrow body structure, enhancing the rain resistance of the electrical system, reasonable layout of the equipment bonding resistance and electrostatic dischargers in each compartment, and comprehensive review of rain proof and lightning protection measures, it adapts to the extremely harsh environment of high temperature, rainy and thunderstorm weather in Xichang in summer[46]。
Configuration innovation
Long March IID carrier rocket control, power, thrust, telemetry, external safety system and other technical upgrades have further improved the reliability of the rocket[47]。
According to the launch quality and overall dimensions of the main star and the carrying star, the original conventional side wall carrying configuration of the support module can not meet the needs of one rocket three stars. In order to maximize the use of the launch capability of the rocket, the series parallel launch scheme is adopted. The main star is separately arranged in the satellite fairing, and the loading module series structure is added under the fairing to install two carrying stars. According to the characteristics of the two carrying separation devices,Two carrying satellites are placed in parallel in the load disc layout scheme with high versatility and adaptability.This configuration is the first use of LM-2D carrier rocket, and is another technological innovation of LM-2D carrier rocket to meet the requirements of multi satellite launch[84]。
The Changerding rocket, which was successfully launched on July 23, 2023, uses a fairing with a diameter of 4 meters for the first time, which is formed through adaptive design based on the mature technology of other carrier models.The fairing with larger diameter gives more space for configuration, which can meet more diversified satellite launch requirements in the future[96]。
Honors won
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Honor award
In 1993, the overall plan of Long March IID carrier rocket won the first prize of the former "Science and Technology Progress Award of the Ministry of Aerospace Industry"[5]。
Honors won by Long March No. 2 D
In January 2012, Long March IID was awarded the title of "Gold Medal Rocket" by China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation[2]。
As of July 2016, Long March II D has also won the second prize of China's National Science and Technology Progress Award, the first prize of the Ministry of Aerospace Science and Technology Progress Award, and the first prize of Shanghai Science and Technology Progress Award[9]。
Long March IID rocket has adopted the long-distance test and launch mode for the first time since 2003, and cancelled the power system test and electrical system test in the horizontal state of the rocket technology zone. Under the premise of ensuring the test coverage, it has optimized the test items, improved the test efficiency, reduced the working time of the launch site from 25 days to 19 days, and has achieved 15 effective working days,It is the model with the shortest test launch cycle of China's active liquid launch vehicle at the launch site[3]。（Shangguan Review）
Long March IID launch vehicle is a conventional liquid propellant two-stage launch vehicle with high reliability, strong mission adaptability, excellent performance and good economy[5]。（Review of China Aerospace）
Long March IID rocket is mainly used to launch payloads such as low Earth orbit satellites, and can be used to carry out the return launch mission.Since its first flight in 1992, the rocket has successfully sent the "Shijian VII" satellite, the "Remote Sensing IV" satellite, the "Wukong" dark matter particle detection satellite, etc. into space[34]。（Review of China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology）
