The original meaning of an ocean liner isAlignmentLarge passenger ships sailing regularly.The word "mail" itself has the meaning of transportation. In the past, trans ocean mail was always carried by such a large fast passenger ship, so it got its name.
the Second World WarMost of the later military industriescivil industryWith the transformation, the aviation industry has emerged and developed rapidly.Compared with air transport, the original trans ocean cruise ship is slower and takes longer time, and has gradually withdrawn from the historical stage.
The cruise ship usually refers to a cruise ship sailing in the ocean.
As the traditional cruise transportation mode has been eliminated, there has not been any large-scale cruise ship in the traditional sense in China. The domestic cruise ship Ida Mordor belongs to the cruise ship
According to the data of Guanda Cruise Line, in 2008Queen Elizabeth 2After retirement，The last ship in the world to operate as an ocean liner is RMSQueen Mary 2，becauseCivil aviation transportation is more efficient and convenient in trans ocean shipping.The traditional cruise ships of the past will eventually be replaced by more advanced means of transportation.However, in terms of entertainment facilities, cruise ships still have the incomparable advantages of civil aviation. Modern cruise ships are also an excellent choice for vacationing with family and friends.
The traditional English name of a cruise ship is "ocean liner"
The English name of modern holiday cruise is "cruise ship"
As a noun, line means route. In the early days, cruise ships had fixed routes and carried out trans ocean transportation and other tasks, so it was called ocean liner.
Cruise, as a noun, means sailing.This is the result of the cruise function gradually turning to sea sightseeing and vacation after the rise of civil aviation.
Note that cruiser refers to cruiser.
In China, cruise ship and ocean liner are all called "cruise ships", which is why Titanic and Idamardo are both called cruise ships.
working principle
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The working principle of ships is based on Archimedes' principle and Newton's third law.Its brief principle is as follows:
1. Sea water provides buoyancy: according to Archimedes' principle, when a ship is immersed in water, the buoyancy pushed upward is equal to the weight of the excluded water.This enables the ship to float on the water.
2. Power system: Internal combustion engine or steam engine is usually used as the power source for ships.These engines burn fuel to produce energy, which is then converted into mechanical energy.
3. Propulsion device: ships are usually equipped with propulsion devices, such as propeller or water jet propeller.These devices convert mechanical energy into water flow and push the ship forward.
4. Newton's third law: when the ship is moving forward, the propeller discharges water backward.According to Newton's third law, the discharged water will produce a reaction force to propel the ship forward.
5. Direction control: The ship is equipped with a rudder system to change the direction of the ship by adjusting the rudder angle.The rudder changes the direction of the water flow, thus changing the direction of the propulsion force.
Cruise isPostal DepartmentOne of the special means of transportation for transporting mail, and also for transporting passengers.Ordinary cruise ships are of sightseeing nature.In the early days of the mail service, intercontinental mail service relied on mail ships to send letters and parcels from one shore to the other.
Unlike ocean liners, cruise ships usually do not cross the ocean, but travel in the most common way of circling. The starting port and the terminal port are usually the same port, and the journey is usually shorter, ranging from 1 to 2 days to 1 to 2 weeks.Cruise tourism has become an important part of the international tourism industry. In 2006, the global total passenger capacity reached millions.
According to the size of cruise ships, cruise ships can be divided into large cruise ships, medium cruise ships and small cruise ships.Large cruise ships generally carry more than 2000 passengers, medium-sized cruise ships generally carry 1000 to 2000 passengers, and small cruise ships generally carry less than 1000 passengers.According to the waters where cruise ships sail, cruise ships can be divided into ocean cruise ships, offshore cruise ships and inland cruise ships.Ocean going cruise ships generally have a long voyage, which lasts from 10 to 15 days, or even longer;Offshore cruise ships and inland cruise ships have short voyages, and the voyages are generally about 7 days or less.
Modern cruise industry
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Cruise ships were originally used to transport goods or passengers.Until the early 20th century, some cruise ships began to provide passengers with limited basic facilities, such as guest rooms andRestaurant service。The middle of the twentieth century was the boom period of air tourism. In order to increase competitiveness, cruise companies began to develop the concept of cruise vacation.
Cruise vacations became more and more popular in the 1980s. Many cruise companies joined and invested to build more luxurious facilities and programsWater dischargeMore cruise ships make cruise ships become a luxury maritime resort.Cruise is known as "destination without destination" and "maritime mobile resort", and it is an indispensable part of the world tourism and leisure industry.
The low-key and mysterious world luxury cruise ship stops for the first timeChinese portsIt was in the 1980s.The number of international cruise ships arriving at Chinese ports continues to increase.
In 2005, international luxury cruise ships docked in Shanghai, TianjinQingdao、Dalian、Ningbo、Xiamen40 ports in total.
In 2006, nearly 15 international luxury cruise ships docked at Chinese ports more than 70 times.
July 2006Italycosta cruise lines The company has opened the first cruise passenger liner route with Shanghai as its home port in China.Ranked among the top 15 luxury cruise ships in the world“Sapphire Princess ”And the "Diamond Princess" visited Shanghai twice and four times respectively, bringing the total number of entry-exit people close to the number of people entering from the seaport in 2005.At the same time, many international cruise companies have turned their attention to China in order to develop the emerging cruise market.
2006 "China Cruise Yacht Development Conference" learned that many cruise companies in the world have officially entered China.RoyalCaribbeanShanghai and Hong Kong will be the two major home ports for sailing in China.Costa Cruises under Carnival also plans to land in Shanghai and set up new international cruise flights.With the world's top cruise companies rushing into the Chinese marketSea RideThe problem of talent shortage is prominent.
The World Cruise Conference in 2007 and 2008 was held in China,around the worldThe gathering of luxury cruise ships of, ready to enter the Chinese market on a large scale, marks that China has become a beautiful new world in the world cruise history.
Beijing in 2008Olympic GamesAnd the 2010 Shanghai World Expo, while greatly enhancing China's international influence, they also attract more tourists to visit Chinacruise economy Development plays a boosting role.
according toInternational Tourism OrganizationIt is predicted that by 2020, China will become the world's largest tourist destination[1]。
White starWhite Star Liner, builtTitanic、RMS Britannic Equal name ships were merged into Canard Company in the middle of the 20th century and were later removed.
Lloyd's of North Germany,hamburgerAmericas, a German shipping company.
CGT，ringAtlanticShipping company, its subsidiary French Liner builtSSV Normandy , the French and other cruise ships with great significance of the times
Each cruise company has its own characteristics and bias: for example, Canard paid too much attention to speed in the middle and early 20th century, while White Star paid great attention to the interior decoration and the comfort of sailing;French shipping ships are famous for both internal and external improvement: simple deck layout and modern art decoration give cruise a modern and modern feeling;German ships often carry the political ambitions of some rulers
Speed record
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The record of the highest speed of a cruise ship is UNITED STATES in the 1950s, which reached a speed of more than 40 knots when crossing the Atlantic Ocean.as a result ofThe war is overThe construction of two battleships was cancelled, and the main engines remained. The United Kingdom used these two main engines.In the future, there will be no main engine of battleship for large cruise ships. This is the ultimate speed.Competition for large cruise shipsBlue Ribbon AwardOur days are over.
The United States was anchored in the United States.
The largest modern cruise
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Picture of the largest cruise ship
The United States, once the largest and most expensive country in the world"Ocean Oasis" cruise shipIt was built on December 1, 2009 after 3 yearsMaiden voyage。This huge ship is of unique design, with a theater, casino, shop, swimming pool, open-air park and rock climbing site.
“Marine oasis”No. is headquartered in NorwayOsloOfshipbuilding industrytycoonSTXshipbuildingThe company started to build giant ships in 2006.On the 28th of this month, the cruise shipFinlandTurkuThe port is handed over and ordered by Royal Caribbean Cruises.
The "Ocean Oasis" costs about 1.4 billion dollars, 360 meters long and 47 meters wide,WaterlineIt is 65 meters high.The cruise ship is five times the size of the "Titanic", even the "Nimitz" class of the US militaryAircraft carrierAre dwarfed.
This huge cruise ship has a total of ten floors, can accommodate more than 2000 crew members and more than 6000 tourists, carrying nearly 50% more passengers than the largest cruise ship in operation.
The staff is now carrying out the final cleaning and decoration of the cruise ship, which will leave Finland on the 30th and sail to the United StatesFort Lauderdale。The future operation routes of cruise ships will mainly focus onCaribbean。Although at the momentglobal economy It is in recession, but people show great interest in taking this huge cruise ship, and there are many bookers.
The cruise ship is scheduled to make its first passenger voyage on December 1, starting from Fort Lauderdale and ending atHaiti。Ticket prices range from hundreds of dollars to tens of thousands of dollars.
It is now an ocean symphony.
Modern industry
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liner
The photo shows the famous cruise ship Normandy with the aircraft. At that time, the aircraft crossing the sea has gradually become fashionable.The days of cruise ship are numbered. As this photo shows, the plane left the cruise ship behind.
But with the development of time, cruise shipsport cityMore and more people choose cruise tourism, which will become more popular in the future.
On February 28, 2024, Xinhua News Agency reporter Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipbuilding Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of China Shipbuilding Group Corporation, learned that the plan for the construction of the second large cruise ship in China was determined as follows: docking in the middle of April 2024, continuous carrying, first floating in early May 2025, undocking at the end of March 2026, trial voyage in June 2026, and life before the end of 2026Name delivery.[2]
