synonymFreedom tower(Freedom Tower) generally refers to Building 1 of the World Trade Center
1 World Trade Center, formerly known as the Freedom Tower, is located in lower Manhattan, New York, USA, to the north of the original twin towers of the World Trade Center. It is a super high-rise building integrating office and sightseeing[1]。
Building 1 of the World Trade Center covers an area of about 7000 square meters, with a building area of about 325000 square meters, a total height of 541 meters, and 104 floors above the ground[23], 5 floors underground[2]。
Building 1 of the World Trade Center was the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere when it was completed[3], obtained LEED gold grade green building certification[4]；In 2015, World Trade Center Building 1 was awardedWorld Society for High rise Buildings and Urban Habitat"2015 Best High rise Building in the Americas" awarded by (CTBUH)[5]。
In April 2002, the reconstruction plan of the World Trade Center was officially put forward;On July 17, the press conference on the reconstruction plan of the original site of the World Trade Center was held, and a public vote was held;In August, bidding for the reconstruction design scheme of the World Trade Center[6]。
On April 25, 2003, the core building in the reconstruction plan of the original site of the World Trade Center was named Freedom Tower[7]；On December 19, the preliminary design scheme of the World Trade Center and the Freedom Tower was announced[8]。
On July 4, 2004, the foundation laying ceremony of Freedom Tower was held[9]。
On June 28, 2005, the final design scheme of Freedom Tower was released[6]。
On April 27, 2006, the construction of Freedom Tower was officially started[10]；On December 19, the first steel beam of the free tower was installed[11]。
On March 29, 2009, the Freedom Tower under construction was renamed as Building 1 of the World Trade Center[12]。
On April 30, 2012, the height of the World Trade Center Building 1 under construction reached 381.3 meters, exceedingEmpire State BuildingBecoming the tallest building in New York City[13]。
On May 2, 2013, Building 1 of the World Trade Center was successfully capped[3]；On November 12, Building 1 of the World Trade Center was officially completed[14]。
On November 3, 2014, World Trade Center Building 1 was put into operation[6]。
World Trade Center Building 1 and Manhattan Island
Architectural pattern
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overview
Building 1 of the World Trade Center covers an area of about 7000 square meters, with a building area of about 325000 square meters. The height of the building is 417 meters, the height of the roof spire is 124 meters, and the total height is 541 meters. It is 104 floors above the ground and 5 floors underground, including about 240000 square meters of office space[2]。
The first building of the World Trade Center costs 3.2 billion US dollars. It uses 5660 cubic meters of concrete, 92920 square meters of glass, and 40800 tons of structural steel[15]。
Foundation pit
Building 1 of the World Trade Center has designed a steel structure across the underground railway to support the plastic concrete load during construction and finally integrate it into the permanent structure[15]；Above the foundation is a 60m high base covered with titanium and stainless steel composite plates[16]。
main structure of a building
The building structure of the World Trade Center Building 1 is designed around a huge moment resisting steel frame. The beams and columns are connected by welding and bolts. The frame is matched with a huge concrete shear wall, providing rigidity and redundancy for the entire building structure, as well as providing an internal span without columns;In addition, the tower gradually becomes thinner in the rising process, and the chamfer on the floor forms a shape consistent with aerodynamics and structural efficiency[15]。
wall
With the building rising from the cubic base, the edge of Building 1 of the World Trade Center gradually presents a chamfer shape. The facade is composed of eight slender isosceles triangles. An octagonal plane is formed in the middle of the building, and a square plane is formed at the top, forming a 45 degree rotation with the bottom of the building;Curtain wall is a kind of thermal broken combined wall system, which integrates a large-scale thermal insulation glass device[15]。
spire
The spire of Building 1 of the World Trade Center is a hybrid structure, consisting of an antenna and a three-layer communication platform ring;The antenna is wrapped by the radome. The spiral channel called the sidebar is installed in the geometric structure of the radome and surrounds the antenna. The geometric shape of the radome shell is based on a repetitive modular system. There is a huge xenon lamp near the tower tip[15]。
The spire of Building 1, World Trade Center
safety design
The core of Building 1 of the World Trade Center is surrounded by reinforced concrete, and there are two interconnected fire standpipes and additional water storage to be compatible with high-capacity sprinkler heads. If the standpipe is cut off or damaged, the connecting valve will automatically cut off the water supply of the standpipe and redirect it to another standpipe to ensure that each floor is protected by water spraying;Pressurized fire stairs are 20% wider than the standard, equipped with emergency lighting equipment, including generators and backup batteries, and luminous exit signs;The tower also has a separate rescue stairwell at the tenant assembly point on each floor[15]。
viewing platform
Building 1 of the World Trade Center has built a viewing platform using the suspension structure. The height of the viewing platform is 413 meters, and the height of the viewing platform glass retaining wall is 2 meters. The two add up to 415 meters, which is also the originalThe World Trade CenterHeight of twin towers[16]。
Building 1 of the World Trade Center at night
Architectural features
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Building 1 of the World Trade Center, formerly known as the "Freedom Tower"New Jersey Port AuthorityAll, the designer is a Jewish Polish designerDaniel Libeskind(Daniel Libeskind), by the United StatesSOM Architectural Design FirmComplete the final design[17]；The clear height of the tower is 417 meters, plus the 124 meter high spire, the total height is 541 meters (1776 feet), symbolizing that the United States issued the《Declaration of Independence》, Announcing their separation from British rule[18]；The beacon light at the top of the tower echoes the Statue of Liberty on the other side[19]。
World Trade Center Building 1 and the Statue of Liberty
Cultural Activity
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Special Events
On May 18, 2015, the World Trade Center Building 1 held a stair race to raise funds for martyred and injured soldiers and police officers[20]。
On February 3, 2019, Building 1 of the World Trade Center lit up "China Red" to celebrate traditional Chinese festivalsSpring FestivalThe arrival of[21]。
Honors won
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Building 1 of the World Trade Center has obtained LEED gold grade green building certification[4]。
In 2014, the World Trade Center Building 1 won the "President's Award for Outstanding Engineering" of the Steel Structure Engineering and Architectural Design Innovation Award issued by the American Institute of Steel Structure[2]。
In 2015, Building 1 of the World Trade Center won the "High rise Building Honor Award" of the Concrete Building Excellence Award issued by the American Concrete Institute[2]。
In 2015, World Trade Center Building 1 won the "A+Public Choice Award" for high-rise commercial office buildings awarded by Architizer[2]。
In 2015, Building 1 of the World Trade Center won the "Most Outstanding Office Building/Commercial/Comprehensive Functional Project Award" issued by Engineering News Record magazine“[2]。
In 2015, the World Trade Center Building 1 won the "2015 Best High rise Building in the Americas" award issued by the World High rise Building and Urban Habitat Society (CTBUH)[5]。
Value significance
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Building 1 of the World Trade Center was built in“911 terrorist attacks”On the ruins, it is known as the "resurrection symbol" of the United States[19]。
World Trade Center Building 1 and Manhattan Bridge
Visit information
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Traffic information
Self driving
Building 1 of the World Trade Center is adjacent to West Street in the north, Fulton Street in the south, West Street of Manhattan in the west, the World Trade Center Performing Arts Center in New York in the east, and"9.11" National Memorial Museum, the entrance is located at Fulton Street[22]。
rail transit
Set near Building 1 of the World Trade CenterNew York World Trade Center Transportation Hub, you can transfer to 11 subway lines in New York City and the New York New Jersey Railway[22]。
Location Diagram of World Trade Center Building 1 and Transport Hub
Elevator facilities
There are 73 elevator cars (including public, private and cargo elevators) in Building 1 of the World Trade Center[4]。
