The Charter of the United Nations isthe United NationsIt not only establishes the purposes, principles and organizational structure of the United Nations, but also stipulatesmember stateResponsibilities, rights and obligations, and handlinginternational relationBasic principles and methods for maintaining world peace and security.
In addition to the preamble and conclusion, the Charter of the United Nations is divided into 19 chapters and 111 articles,Statute of the International Court of JusticeIt is an integral part of the Charter of the United Nations.[1]On June 26, 1945, the Charter of the United NationsSan Francisco ConferenceSigned on October 24, 1945.[1-3]
On January 1, 1942, representatives of 26 countries, including China, the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union, who were fighting against fascism in Germany, Japan and Italy, issued a statement in Washington《United Nations Declaration》, support《Atlantic Charter》And used the word "United Nations" for the first time as a fascist with Germany, Italy and Japan“the axis”The general name of the fighting countries.[4]
On October 30, 1943, China, the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union issued the Declaration on Universal Security in Moscow, declaring that it is necessary to establish a universal international organization to maintain international peace and security.
From August to October 1944, the representatives of the Soviet Union, Britain and the United States and China, Britain and the United States successivelyDumbarton OaksThe meeting put forward the plan for organizing the United Nations and worked out the basic outline of the Charter of the United Nations.
In February 1945, the Soviet Union, the United States and Britain were in the Soviet UnionYaltaAnd decided to meet in the United States on April 25 of the same yearSan FranciscoConvening the Constitutional Assembly of the Charter of the United Nations.[4]
On April 25, 1945“United Nations Conference of International Organizations”Opening in San Francisco, the United States, 288 delegates from 50 countries, including China, attended the conference.On June 25, the participants unanimously adopted the Charter of the United Nations.The meeting lasted two months from its opening on April 25 to its closing after the adoption of the Charter on June 25.[4]
On June 26, 1945, the signing ceremony of the Charter of the United Nations was held. The Chinese representative was the first to sign the Charter in five official languages of the United Nations, namely, China, France, Russia, Britain and Spain.Then the representatives of France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States signed in turn, followed by the other 45 countries;On October 24 of the same year, the Charter came into force and the United Nations was formally established.Including those signed laterpoland51 countries have become founding members of the United Nations.[4]
Drafting process
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Draft Document of the Charter of the United Nations
The whole process of the birth of the Charter of the United Nations is recorded in detail in the documents of the Draft Document of the Charter of the United Nations. "This document is divided into three volumes in total. The first one is an index, and the other two records the process of the 50 initial members of the United Nations, including China, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union, meeting in San Francisco from April to June 1945 to discuss the adoption of the Charter of the United Nations.The catalogue of one of the books records in detail the meetings held by the 50 member countries since May 9, 1945.It is recorded that three meetings were held on June 16, 1945 alone.[5]
On April 25, 1945“United Nations Conference of International Organizations”In the United StatesSan FranciscoMore than 280 delegates from 50 countries, including China, attended the opening ceremony.On June 25, the participants unanimously adopted the Charter of the United Nations, and a signing ceremony was held on June 26.The representative of China was the first to sign the Charter in five official languages of the United Nations: China, France, Russia, Britain and Spain.Then the representatives of France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States signed in turn, followed by the other 45 countries attending the meeting, followed by Poland.After the ratification of the Charter by China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States and most other signatories, the Charter came into force on October 24 of the same year, and the United Nations was formally established.The 51 signatories have become founding members of the United Nations.[6]
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United Nations Emblem
Amendments to Articles 23, 27 and 61 of the Charter of the United Nations were adopted by the General Assembly on 17 December 1963 and entered into force on 31 August 1965.A further amendment to article 61 was adopted by the General Assembly on 20 December 1971 and entered into force on 24 September 1973.The amendment to Article 109 was adopted by the General Assembly on 20 December 1965 and entered into force on 12 June 1968.
The amendment to Article 23 increases the membership of the Security Council from eleven to fifteen.The amendment to Article 27 stipulates that decisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall be made by the affirmative votes of nine members (originally seven), and decisions on all other matters shall be made by the affirmative votes of nine members (originally seven), includingSecurity CouncilFivePermanent membersThe consent vote of.
The amendment to article 61 entered into force on August 31, 1965, and willeconomic and social council The number of members increased from 18 to 27.A further amendment to this article entered into force on 24 September 1973, increasing the membership of the Economic and Social Council from 27 to 54.
The amendment to Article 109 is to amend the first paragraph of that article, stipulating that for the purpose of reviewing the Charter, Member States may hold a plenary meeting on a date and place fixed by two-thirds of the votes of the members of the General Assembly and by the vote of any nine members (originally seven) of the Security Council.The third paragraph of Article 109, concerning the possible holding of a review conference during the tenth regular session of the General Assembly, still retains the original wording: "The vote of any seven members of the Security Council". The General Assembly and the Security Council took action in accordance with this provision at the tenth regular session of the General Assembly in 1955.
primary coverage
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The Charter of the United Nations consists of 19 chapters and 111 articles.It expresses the determination to make mankind no longer suffer from the scourge of war, and stipulates the purposes, principles, rights, obligations and terms of reference of the main organs of the United Nations.According to the Charter, the purpose of the United Nations is“Maintaining international peace and security”、“Stop aggression”、“To develop friendly relations among nations based on the principle of respecting the equal rights and self-determination of all peoples "and" to promote international cooperation ";It also stipulates that the United Nations and its member States should abide by the principles of the sovereign equality of States, the peaceful settlement of international disputes by States, the non use of force or the threat of force in international relations, and the non intervention of the United Nations in the internal affairs of States.[6]
Full text of the Charter
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preface
We, the people of the United Nations, are determined
In order to prevent future generations from suffering from the scourge of war, which has twice been too tragic for human beings,
Reaffirming its belief in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, and in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small,
To create an appropriate environment for Pyke to maintain justice and respect its obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law,
To promote social progress and better people's livelihood in greater freedom,
And for this purpose
We should practice tolerance and live in harmony with each other as good neighbors,
To concentrate on maintaining international peace and security,
Accepting principles and establishing methods to ensure that force cannot be used except in the public interest,
Using international institutions to promote the economic and social progress of the global people,
It is necessary to be angry and determined. We should work together to achieve excellence
Therefore, our respective governments, after gathering the credentials of the representatives of Jinshan City and reviewing them with each other, agree on the Charter of the United Nations, establish an international organization and name it the United Nations.
Chapter I
Chapter I: Purpose and Principles
Article 1
The purposes of the United Nations are:
1、 Maintenance of international peace and security;And to this end: to take effective collective measures to prevent and eliminate threats to peace and stop acts of aggression or other breaches of peace;And to adjust or settle international disputes or situations that could undermine the peace by peaceful means and in accordance with the principles of justice and international law.
2、 Developing international friendly relations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of people and taking other appropriate measures to enhance universal peace.
3、 To promote international cooperation to solve international problems of an economic, social, cultural or human welfare nature, and to promote and encourage respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion.
4、 Form a center for coordinating the actions of all countries to achieve the above common goals.
Article 2
In order to achieve the purposes set forth in Article 1, the Organization and its Member States shall observe the following principles:
1、 The Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of Member States.
2、 All Member States shall, in good faith, fulfil their obligations under the present Charter in order to guarantee the rights and interests of all Member States arising from their membership in the Organization.
3、 Member States should resolve their international disputes by peaceful means and avoid jeopardizing international peace, security and justice.
4、 In their international relations, Member States shall not use threat or force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any Member State or State, or in any other way inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations.
5、 All Member States shall do their utmost to assist the United Nations in taking action in accordance with the provisions of the Charter. When the United Nations is taking preventive or enforcement action against any country, all Member States shall not assist that country.
6、 The Organization shall, to the extent necessary for the maintenance of international peace and security, ensure thatMember States of the United NationsFollow the above principles.
7、 The Charter shall not authorize the United Nations to intervene in matters that are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any country, and shall not require Member States to submit such matters for settlement in accordance with the Charter;However, this principle does not prevent the application of the enforcement measures in Chapter VII.
Chapter II
Chapter II: Members
Article 3
All countries that have participated in the Jinshan International Organization Meeting of the United Nations or previously signed the United Nations Declaration on January 1, 1942, have signed this Charter, and have ratified it in accordance with Article 110 of the Charter, are founding members of the United Nations.
Article 4
1、 All other peace loving countries may become Members of the United Nations if they accept the obligations contained in the Charter and the Organization considers that they are able and willing to fulfil such obligations.
2、 Allowing the above-mentioned countries to become Members of the United Nations will be decided by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council.
Article 5
The General Assembly, upon the recommendation of the Security Council, may suspend the exercise of the rights and privileges of a member of the United Nations after the Security Council has taken preventive or enforcement action against it.The exercise of such rights and privileges may be restored by the Security Council.
Article 6
The General Assembly may, upon the recommendation of the Security Council, remove from the Organization any Member of the United Nations that has repeatedly violated the principles set forth in the present Charter.
Chapter III
Chapter III: Organs
Article 7
1、 The principal organs of the United Nations are hereby established as follows: the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice, and the Secretariat.
2、 The United Nations may, in accordance with the present Charter, establish such subsidiary organs as it deems necessary.
Article 8
The United Nations shall not impose restrictions on the right of men and women to hold any post under equal conditions in its principal and subsidiary organs.
Chapter IV
Chapter IV: General Assembly
organization
Article 9
1、 The General Assembly is organized by all States Members of the United Nations.
2、 Each Member State may not have more than five representatives in the General Assembly.
powers
Article 10
The General Assembly may discuss any question or matter within the scope of the present Charter, or concerning the functions and powers of any General Assembly provided for in the present Charter;In addition to the provisions of Article 12, it may make recommendations to the Members of the United Nations or the Security Council or both on such issues or matters.
Article 11
1、 The General Assembly may consider the general principles of cooperation in the maintenance of international peace and security, including the principles of disarmament and arms control;And may make recommendations to Member States or the Security Council, or both, on this principle.
2、 The General Assembly may discuss any question relating to the maintenance of international peace and security raised by any member of the United Nations or the Security Council or non member States of the United Nations to the General Assembly in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 35;In addition to the provisions of Article 12, it may also make recommendations to Member States or the Security Council, or both, on such issues.All such questions requiring action shall be submitted by the General Assembly to the Security Council before or after discussion.
3、 The General Assembly may bring to the attention of the Security Council situations that are likely to endanger international peace and security.
4、 The powers of the General Assembly contained in this Article do not limit the general scope of Article 10.
Article 12
1、 When the Security Council is carrying out the functions conferred on it by the Charter in respect of any dispute or situation, the General Assembly shall not make any recommendation with respect to such dispute or situation without the request of the Security Council.
2、 With the consent of the Security Council, the Secretary General shall notify the General Assembly at each meeting of the Assembly of any matter concerning the maintenance of international peace and security that is being dealt with by the Security Council;When the Security Council ceases to deal with the incident, it shall also immediately notify the General Assembly, or notify Member States of the United Nations when the Assembly is not in session.
Article 13
1、 The General Assembly should initiate studies and make recommendations:
(a) to promote international cooperation in politics, and to promote the progressive development and codification of international law.
(b) To promote international cooperation in the economic, social, cultural, educational and health sectors, and contribute to the realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion.
2、 The other responsibilities and powers of the General Assembly with respect to the matters listed in paragraph 1 (b) of this article are specified in Chapters IX and X.
Article 14
The General Assembly may recommend measures for peaceful adjustment of any situation, regardless of its origin, which it considers to be detrimental to international public welfare or friendly relations, including situations arising from violations of the purposes and principles of the United Nations set forth in the present Charter, provided that the provisions of Article 12 are not violated.
Article 15
1、 The General Assembly shall receive and review the annual and special reports sent by the Security Council;The report shall contain a statement of the measures decided or implemented by the Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security.
2、 The General Assembly shall receive and examine reports from other General Assembly of the United Nations.
Article 16
The General Assembly shall implement the provisions onInternational trusteeship systemIncluding the approval of trusteeship agreements for non strategic defense areas.
Article 17
1、 The General Assembly shall review the budget of the Organization.
2、 The expenses of the Organization shall be borne by Member States in accordance with the limits allocated by the General Assembly.
3、 The General Assembly shall review any financial and budgetary measures adopted with the special conferences referred to in Article 57, and shall review the administrative budget of such special conferences in order to make recommendations to the relevant conferences.
vote
Article 18
1、 Each member of the General Assembly shall have one vote.
2、 Decisions of the General Assembly on important issues shall be made by a two-thirds majority of the members present and voting.Such issues should include: proposals for the maintenance of international peace and security, the election of non permanent members of the Security Council, the election of members of the Economic and Social Council, the election of members of the Trusteeship Council in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1 (c) of Article 86, the admission of new members to the United Nations, the suspension of the rights and privileges of Member States, and the expulsion of Member States,On the implementation of the trusteeship system, as well as budgetary issues.
3、 Resolutions on other issues, including what other matters shall be decided by a two-thirds majority, shall be decided by a majority of the Member States present and voting.
Article 19
Any Member State that is in arrears with its financial contributions to the Organization shall lose its right to vote in the General Assembly if the amount of arrears equals or exceeds the amount of contributions due in the previous two years.If the General Assembly recognizes that the reason for the arrears is due to circumstances beyond the control of the Member State, it may allow the Member State to vote.
program
Article 20
The General Assembly shall hold regular sessions every year and, if necessary, special sessions.Special meetings shall be convened by the Secretary General at the request of the Security Council or a majority of the States Members of the United Nations.
Article 21
The General Assembly shall adopt its own rules of procedure.The Assembly shall elect a President for each meeting.
Article 22
The Assembly may establish such auxiliary assemblies as it deems necessary for the exercise of its functions.
Chapter V
Chapter V: Security Council
organization
Article 23
ISecurity CouncilIt shall be organized by fifteen Member States of the United Nations.Republic of China（In October 1971, it was restoredThe People's Republic of ChinaAll legal rights in the United Nations, and immediatelythe kuomintangDeportation of representatives of the Group from the United Nations and all its affiliated institutions）[7]、French、Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(After the disintegration of the Soviet Union,RussiaInherited the permanent seat of the Soviet Union on the United Nations Security Council)[11-12]、United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandandUnited States of AmericaShould be the Security CouncilPermanent members。The General Assembly shall elect ten other Members of the United Nations as non permanent members of the Security Council. At the time of election, full consideration should first be given to the contributions of United Nations Member States to the maintenance of international peace and security and the other purposes of the Organization, as well as to equitable geographical distribution.
2、 The term of office of non permanent members of the Security Council is set at two years.When the first election of a non permanent member of the Security Council is held after the membership of the Council has increased from eleven to fifteen, the term of office of two of the four additional members shall be one year.A member whose term of office expires may not be re elected immediately.
3、 Each member of the Security Council shall have one representative.
powers
Article 24
1、 In order to ensure the speedy and effective action of the United Nations, all Member States delegate the primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security to the Security Council, and agree that the Security Council, when performing its duties under this responsibility, represents all Member States.
2、 In performing this function, the Security Council shall comply with the purposes and principles of the United Nations.The specific powers conferred on the Security Council for the performance of such duties are specified in Chapters VI, VII, VIII and XII of the Charter.
3、 The Security Council should submit its annual report and, if necessary, its special report to the General Assembly for review.
Article 25
Members of the United Nations agree to accept and implement Security Council resolutions in accordance with the Charter.
Article 26
In order to promote the establishment and maintenance of international peace and security, in order to minimize the consumption of the world's human and economic resources in armaments, the Security Council, with the assistance of the Military Staff Committee referred to in Article 47, shall be responsible for formulating proposals and submitting them to Member States of the United Nations to establish an arms control system.
vote
Article 27
1、 Each member of the Security Council should have one vote.
2、 Resolutions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall be adopted by a casting vote of nine members.
3、 Resolutions of the Security Council on all other matters shall be voted by the affirmative votes of nine members, including all permanent members;However, the parties to the dispute shall not vote on resolutions on matters under Chapter VI and Paragraph 3 of Article 52.
program
Article 28
1、 The Security Council should be organized so that it can continue to function continuously.To this end, the members of the Security Council shall have permanent representatives in the Organization.
2、 The Security Council shall hold regular meetings, and each member may send government officials or other specially designated representatives to attend when it deems it appropriate.
3、 The Security Council may meet outside the Organization at such other places as it deems most convenient for its work.
Article 29
The Security Council may establish such subsidiary organs as it deems necessary for the exercise of its functions.
Article 30
The Security Council shall establish its own rules of procedure, including the method of electing its President.
Article 31
When the Security Council considers that any question raised by the Security Council has a special bearing on the interests of any Member State of the United Nations that is not a member of the Security Council, that Member State may participate in the discussion without the right to vote.
Article 32
If a State Member of the United Nations other than a member of the Security Council or a State not a member of the United Nations is a party to a dispute under consideration by the Security Council, it shall be invited to participate in the discussion of the dispute without the right to vote.The Security Council should set such conditions as it deems fair for the participation of States that are not Members of the United Nations.
Chapter VI
Chapter VI: Peaceful Settlement of Disputes
Article 33
1、 When the continuation of a dispute is enough to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security, the parties to any dispute shall first seek a solution through negotiation, investigation, mediation, reconciliation, adjudication, judicial settlement, the use of regional agencies or regional approaches, or other peaceful methods chosen by each country.
2、 When the Security Council deems it necessary, it should urge the parties to settle their disputes in this way.
Article 34
The Security Council may investigate any dispute or any situation that may cause international friction or dispute, in order to determine whether the continuation of the dispute or situation is sufficient to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security.
Article 35
1、 Any member of the United Nations may bring any dispute or situation of the nature referred to in Article 34 to the attention of the Security Council or the General Assembly.
2、 If a country that is not a member of the United Nations is a party to any dispute, it may bring the dispute to the attention of the General Assembly or the Security Council after it has declared in advance that it accepts the obligation of peaceful settlement under the present Charter in respect of the dispute.
3、 The General Assembly shall comply with the provisions of Articles 11 and 12 with regard to the proceeding steps of the matters brought to attention in accordance with this Article.
Article 36
1、 For disputes or similar situations of the nature referred to in Article 33, the Security Council may, at any stage, recommend appropriate procedures or adjustment methods.
2、 The Security Council should take into account any procedures that have been adopted by the parties for the settlement of disputes.
3、 When making recommendations in accordance with this article, the Security Council should also pay attention to the fact that disputes of a legal nature should, in principle, be submitted by the parties to the International Court of Justice in accordance with the Statute of the Court.
Article 37
1、 If the parties to a dispute of the nature referred to in Article 33 fail to settle it by the means indicated in that Article, they shall submit the dispute to the Security Council.
2、 If the Security Council considers that the continuation of the dispute is in fact sufficient to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security, it shall decide whether to take action in accordance with Article 36 or recommend such conditions for settlement as it deems appropriate.
Article 38
The Security Council may, at the request of all the parties to the dispute, make recommendations to the parties for the peaceful settlement of the dispute, without prejudice to the provisions of Articles 33 to 37.
Chapter VII
Chapter VII: Response to threats to peace, breaches of peace and acts of aggression
Article 39
The Security Council shall determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace or act of aggression, and shall make recommendations or choose measures in accordance with Articles 41 and 42 to maintain or restore international peace and security.
Article 40
In order to prevent the situation from deteriorating, the Security Council may, before making recommendations or deciding on measures in accordance with Article 39, urge the interested parties to comply with such provisional measures as the Security Council deems necessary or desirable.This provisional measure does not prejudice the rights, claims or positions of the parties concerned.The Security Council should pay due attention to the non-compliance with this provisional measure.
Article 41
The Security Council may decide on measures other than the use of force to implement its resolutions, and may urge Member States of the United Nations to implement such measures.Such measures may include the partial or total suspension of economic relations, railways, maritime transport, aviation, postal, telecommunications, radio and other means of transport, as well as the severance of diplomatic relations.
Article 42
If the Security Council considers that the measures provided for in Article 41 are insufficient or have been proved to be insufficient, it may take necessary air, sea and army actions to maintain or restore international peace and security.This action may include air, sea and army demonstrations, blockades and other military actions by United Nations Member States.
Article 43
1、 In order to contribute to the maintenance of international peace and security, the Member States of the United Nations serve as the Security Council when issuing an order, and in accordance with special agreements, to provide troops, assistance and facilities necessary for the maintenance of international peace and security, including the right of transit.
2、 This special agreement shall specify the number and type of troops, their level of readiness and general location of garrison, as well as the nature of facilities and assistance provided.
3、 This special agreement should be concluded as soon as possible on the initiative of the Security Council.Such an agreement shall be concluded between the Security Council and Member States or between the Security Council and a group of Member States, and shall be ratified by the signatory States in accordance with their respective constitutional procedures.
Article 44
When the Security Council decides to use force, it shall, upon the request of a non member State of the Security Council, send representatives to participate in the Security Council resolution on the use of its military forces before requesting that the non member State of the Security Council supply troops in accordance with Article 43 to fulfil its obligations.
Article 45
In order to enable the United Nations to take urgent military measures, Member States should allocate their own air forces at any time for international joint implementation operations.The strength and readiness of such forces, as well as the plan for their joint action, shall be determined by the Security Council with the assistance of the Military Staff Committee within the scope of the special agreement referred to in Article 43.
Article 46
The plan for the use of force shall be decided by the Security Council with the assistance of the Military Staff Committee.
Article 47
1、 The Military Staff Committee is hereby established to provide advice and assistance to the Security Council on the military needs of the Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security, on the use and command of the armed forces under its control, and on the regulation of armaments and possible troop reductions.
2、 The Military Staff Committee shall be organized by or on behalf of the Chiefs of Staff of the permanent members of the Security Council.Any Member State of the United Nations that has no permanent representative on the mission shall be invited by the mission to participate if it is necessary for the efficiency of the mission to perform its responsibilities.
3、 The Military Staff Committee, under the authority of the Security Council, is responsible for the strategic command of any army under its control;The question of the command of the army should be dealt with later.
4、 The Military Staff Committee may, upon authorization by the Security Council and after consultation with the relevant authorities in the region, establish regional sub groups.
Article 48
1、 The actions necessary for the implementation of Security Council resolutions for the maintenance of international peace and security shall be undertaken by all Members of the United Nations or by a number of Member States, as decided by the Security Council.
2、 Such a resolution shall be implemented by the Member States of the United Nations through their direct actions and by the actions of the relevant international organs to which they are members.
Article 49
Members of the United Nations should cooperate fully and assist each other in implementing the measures decided by the Security Council.
Article 50
When the Security Council adopts measures of prevention or enforcement against any country, other countries, regardless of whether they are members of the United Nations or not, should have the right to consult with the Security Council to resolve the special economic problems arising from the implementation of such measures.
Article 51
When any Member State of the United Nations is attacked by force, the Charter shall not consider that the exercise of the natural right of individual or collective self-defence is prohibited until the Security Council has taken the necessary measures to maintain international peace and security.The measures taken by Member States to exercise this right of self-defence shall be immediately reported to the Security Council. Such measures shall not in any way affect the right and responsibility of the Council to take actions it deems necessary at any time in accordance with the Charter to maintain or restore international peace and security.
Chapter VIII
Chapter VIII: Regional approaches
Article 52
1、 The present Charter shall not consider that regional arrangements or organs are excluded from dealing with events relating to the maintenance of international peace and security that are suitable for regional action;However, such measures or organs and their work shall be consistent with the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
2、 Before submitting local disputes to the Security Council, Member States of the United Nations that have concluded such measures or established such organs shall seek peaceful settlement in accordance with such regional measures or by such regional organs.
3、 The Security Council shall encourage the development of the peaceful settlement of local disputes, whether initiated by the countries concerned or submitted by the Security Council, through regional arrangements or by regional agencies.
4、 This Article shall in no way prejudice the application of Articles 34 and 35.
Article 53
1、 The Security Council shall, where appropriate, make use of such regional arrangements or organs for the implementation of actions within its competence.Without the authorization of the Security Council, no enforcement action shall be taken in accordance with regional measures or by regional agencies;However, this does not apply to the steps taken in accordance with Article 107 to deal with any enemy country referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article, or the steps taken in the regional measures to prevent such countries from carrying out their aggressive policies again, until the Organization, at the request of the governments concerned, can assume the responsibility of preventing such countries from further aggression.
2、 The term "enemy state" as mentioned in the first paragraph of this Article meansthe Second World WarChina is an enemy of any signatory of the Charter.
Article 54
For the purpose of maintaining international peace and security, actions that have been taken or are under consideration under regional arrangements or by regional organs should be fully reported to the Security Council at any time.
Chapter IX
Chapter 9: International Economy and Society
Article 55
In order to create conditions of stability and welfare necessary for peaceful and friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, the United Nations shall promote:
(c) Higher living standards, employment for all, and economic and social progress.
(b) solving international economic, social, health and related problems;International cultural and educational cooperation.
(c) Universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion.
Article 56
Member States undertake to take joint and individual action to cooperate with the Organization in order to achieve the purposes set forth in Article 55.
Article 57
1、 The various specialized agencies established by intergovernmental agreements shall, in accordance with the provisions of their organizational charter, bear broad international responsibilities in the economic, social, cultural, educational, health and other relevant sectors, and shall establish relations with the United Nations in accordance with the provisions of Article 63.
2、 The above-mentioned specialized agencies that have relations with the United Nations are hereinafter referred to as the specialized agencies.
Article 58
The Organization shall make recommendations to adjust the policies and work of the specialized agencies.
Article 59
The Organization shall, where appropriate, initiate negotiations among the countries concerned in order to create new specialized agencies necessary to achieve the purposes set forth in Article 55.
Article 60
The responsibility for the performance of the functions of the Organization as set out in this chapter belongs to the General Assembly and the Economic and Social Council under its authority.To this end, the Council shall have the powers set forth in Chapter X.
Chapter X
Chapter X: Economic and Social Council
organization
Article 61
1、 The Economic and Social Council is organized by the fifty fourth Members of the United Nations elected by the General Assembly.
2、 Except as provided in paragraph 3, the Economic and Social Council annually elects eighteen members for a three-year term.Members who have served their terms may be re elected immediately.
3、 At the first election after the number of members of the Economic and Social Council has increased from 27 to 54, 27 additional members shall be elected, in addition to nine members elected to replace those whose terms of office expire at the end of the year.Of the twenty-seven newly elected members, nine have a term of one year and the other nine have a term of two years.
4、 Each member of the Economic and Social Council shall have one representative.
powers
Article 62
1、 The Economic and Social Council may prepare or launch studies and reports on international economic, social, cultural, educational, health and other related matters;And may submit proposals on such matters to the General Assembly, Member States of the United Nations and relevant specialized agencies.
2、 The Council may make constructive proposals for the purpose of promoting respect for and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms of all mankind.
3、 The Council may prepare draft agreements on matters within its competence and submit them to the General Assembly.
4、 The Council may convene international meetings on matters within the scope of its functions in accordance with the rules established by the United Nations.
Article 63
1、 The Economic and Social Council may enter into agreements with any of the specialized agencies referred to in Article 57, specifying the conditions under which the specialized agency concerned shall have a relationship with the United Nations.The agreement shall be subject to the approval of the General Assembly.
2、 The Council, in order to adjust the work of various specialized agencies, may consult with such agencies and make recommendations to them, and may make recommendations to the General Assembly and Member States of the United Nations.
Article 64
1、 The Economic and Social Council may take appropriate steps to obtain regular reports from specialized agencies.The Council may agree with the Member States of the United Nations and the specialized agencies on ways to obtain reports on the steps taken to implement the recommendations of the Council and the recommendations of the General Assembly on matters within the competence of the Council.
2、 The Council may submit its comments on the report to the General Assembly.
Article 65
The Economic and Social Council may provide information to the Security Council and, at the invitation of the Security Council, assist it.
Article 66
1、 The Economic and Social Council shall perform functions within its competence relating to the implementation of the recommendations of the General Assembly.
2、 With the approval of the General Assembly, the Council may provide services to Member States or specialized agencies of the United Nations at their request.
3、 The Council shall perform other functions specified in other chapters of the Charter, as well as functions authorized by the General Assembly.
vote
Article 67
1、 Each member of the Economic and Social Council shall have one vote.
2、 Resolutions of the Council shall be voted by more than half of the members present and voting.
program
Article 68
The Economic and Social Council shall establish economic and social sectors and commissions for the promotion of human rights, and may establish other commissions necessary for the exercise of its functions.
Article 69
The Economic and Social Council shall invite States Members of the United Nations to participate, without the right to vote, in the discussion of any matter of which the Council is particularly concerned.
Article 70
The Economic and Social Council may agree on ways to enable representatives of the specialized agencies to participate without the right to vote in the discussions of the Council and the committees established by the Council, or to enable representatives of the Council to participate in the discussions of such specialized agencies.
Article 71
The Economic and Social Council may take appropriate measures to consult with various non-governmental organizations on matters within its competence.Such measures may be agreed upon with international organizations, or, in appropriate cases, with the national organizations of the country concerned after consultation with the Member States of the United Nations concerned.
Article 72
1、 The Economic and Social Council shall establish its own rules of procedure, including the method of electing its President.
2、 The Economic and Social Council shall meet as necessary in accordance with its rules.Such rules shall include provisions for convening meetings at the request of a majority of the members.
Chapter XI
Chapter XI: Declaration on Non Self Governing Territories
Article 73
Members of the United Nations recognize the principle of supremacy of the welfare of the inhabitants of Territories whose peoples have not yet attained a sufficient degree of self-government in Territories under their responsibility or administration, and accept as a sacred trust, under the system of international peace and security established by this Charter, the obligation to fully promote the welfare of the inhabitants of Territories, and to this end:
(c) Ensure the political, economic, social and educational progress of the people concerned, give them fair treatment and protect them from abuse, with full respect for the culture of the people concerned.
(b) to develop self-government in accordance with the special circumstances of the territories and their peoples and the stages of their evolution;Pay due attention to the political aspirations of the people concerned;And help the gradual development of its free political system.
(c) Promoting international peace and security.
(d) advocating construction plans for progress;Incentive research;States shall cooperate with each other and, at appropriate times and on appropriate occasions, with specialized international organizations in order to achieve the social, economic and scientific purposes set forth in this Article.
(e) Without violating the security and constitutional restrictions, submit statistics and information of a specialized nature on the economic, social and educational situation in the territories under the respective responsibility of the Member States to the Secretary General for reference.This does not apply to the territories specified in Chapters XII and XIII of the Charter.
Article 74
The Member States of the United Nations have jointly committed themselves to the principle of good neighbourliness in their policies towards the territories specified in this chapter, as they have towards their own regions;And pay full attention to the interests and happiness of all countries in the world socially, economically and commercially.
Chapter XII
Chapter 12: International Trusteeship System
Article 75
The United Nations, under its authority, shall establish an international trusteeship system to administer and supervise the territories placed under that system by subsequent individual agreements.This territory is hereinafter referred to as the trust territory.
Article 76
According to the purposes of the United Nations as set forth in Article 1 of the present Charter, the basic purposes of the trusteeship system shall be:
(a) Promoting international peace and security.
(b) to promote the political, economic, social and educational progress of the residents of the Trust Territory;In accordance with the principle of suiting the special circumstances of the territory and its people and the freely expressed wishes of the people concerned, and in accordance with the provisions of the trusteeship agreements, the gradual development of the territory towards autonomy or independence should be promoted.
(c) To promote respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion, and to stimulate the awareness of the people of the world to maintain each other.
(d) To ensure the equal treatment of all Members of the United Nations and their nationals in social, economic and commercial matters, as well as the equal treatment of their nationals in judicial decisions, provided that this does not hinder the achievement of the above purposes, and does not contravene the provisions of Article 80.
Article 77
1、 The trusteeship system is applicable to the following categories of territories under the trusteeship agreement:
(c) The territory under the present mandate.
(b) territories that may be seceded from enemy countries as a result of the Second World War.
(c) The territory voluntarily placed under the system by the country responsible for administration.
2、 What kind of territory in the above categories will be placed under the trusteeship system and its conditions shall be stipulated in the subsequent agreement.
Article 78
The trusteeship system shall not apply to territories that have become Members of the United Nations;The relations among the Member States of the United Nations should be based on the principle of respect for sovereign equality.
Article 79
The trusteeship terms of each territory placed under the trusteeship system, as well as the changes or amendments thereto, shall be agreed upon by the countries directly concerned, including the Member States of the United Nations, which are the trustee countries of the appointed territory, and their approval shall be subject to the provisions of Articles 83 and 85.
Article 80
1、 Unless otherwise agreed in the individual trusteeship agreements under Articles 77, 79 and 81 that place the territories under the trusteeship system, and until such agreements are concluded, nothing in this Chapter shall be construed as altering in any way the rights of any country or people, or the provisions of existing international treaties signed individually by States Members of the United Nations.
2、 The first paragraph of this Article shall not be construed as granting the reason to extend the agreement on the establishment of a place of appointment or other territory under the trusteeship system in accordance with the provisions of Article 77.
Article 81
Any trusteeship agreement shall contain provisions for the administration of the territory and designate the authority to administer the trusteeship territory.Such authority, hereinafter referred to as the administering authority, may be one or more countries, or the United Nations itself.
Article 82
In any trusteeship agreement, one or more strategic defense areas may be designated, including part or all of the trusteeship territory under the agreement, provided that the agreement does not prejudice any special agreement concluded in accordance with Article 43.
Article 83
1、 The Security Council shall exercise all functions of the United Nations relating to strategic defence zones, including the approval of the provisions of this trusteeship agreement, as well as any changes or amendments thereto.
2、 The basic purposes set forth in Article 76 are applicable to the people in each strategic defense area.
3、 The Security Council, subject to the provisions of the Trusteeship Agreement and without prejudice to security considerations, shall use the assistance of the Trusteeship Council to perform its duties in relation to political, economic, social and educational events in strategic defense areas under the United Nations trusteeship system.
Article 84
The administering authority has the obligation to ensure that the trust territory does its part in maintaining international peace and security.For this purpose, the authority may use the volunteers, facilities and assistance of the Trust Territory to fulfill its obligations to the Security Council in this regard, to exercise local self-defence and to maintain law and order in the Trust Territory.
Article 85
1、 The functions of the United Nations in relation to all non strategic zone trusteeship agreements, including the approval of the provisions of such trusteeship agreements and their changes or amendments, shall be exercised by the General Assembly.
2、 The Trusteeship Council, under the authority of the General Assembly, shall assist the Assembly in performing the above-mentioned functions.
Chapter XIII
Chapter XIII: Trusteeship Council
organization
Article 86
1、 The Trusteeship Council shall be organized by the following States Members of the United Nations:
(a) Member States administering trust territories.
(b) The country listed in Article 23 is not currently administering the trust territory.
(c) The General Assembly elects the necessary number of other Member States for a term of three years so that the total number of members of the Trusteeship Council can be equally distributed among the members of the United Nations who administer the trust territory and those who do not.
2、 Each member of the Trusteeship Council shall designate a specially qualified person to represent it.
powers
Article 87
In performing their duties, the General Assembly and the Trusteeship Council under their authority may:
(b) Review the report submitted by the administrative authority.
(b) to accept and examine the petition in conjunction with the administering authority.
(c) to visit the trust territories on schedule at a time agreed with the administering authority.
(d) Take the above other actions based on the terms of the management agreement.
Article 88
The Trusteeship Council shall prepare a questionnaire on the political, economic, social and educational progress of the inhabitants of the Trust Territories;Within the competence of the General Assembly, the administering authority of the trust territories shall submit a permanent report to the Assembly on this issue.
vote
Article 89
1、 Each member of the Trusteeship Council shall have one vote.
2、 The resolution of the Trusteeship Council shall be voted by a majority of the members present and voting.
program
Article 90
1、 The Trusteeship Council shall make its own rules of procedure, including the method of selecting its President.
2、 The Trusteeship Council shall hold necessary meetings in accordance with its rules.Such rules shall include provisions for convening a meeting at the request of a majority of the members of the meeting.
Article 91
The Trusteeship Council shall, when appropriate, avail itself of the assistance of the Economic and Social Council, and of the assistance of specialized agencies in matters of relevance.
Chapter XIV
Chapter XIV: International Court of Justice
Article 92
The International Court of Justice, as the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, shall perform its functions in accordance with the annexed Statute.The Statute is based on the Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice and is an integral part of the Charter.
Article 93
1、 Members of the United Nations are ex officio parties to the Statute of the International Court of Justice
2、 The conditions under which a State that is not a member of the United Nations may become a party to the Statute of the International Court of Justice shall be determined by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council in each case.
Article 94
1、 Each Member State of the United Nations, if a party to any case, undertakes to comply with the judgment of the International Court of Justice.
2、 If one party fails to perform its obligations under the judgment of the court, the other party may appeal to the Security Council.If the Security Council deems it necessary, it may make recommendations or decide that measures should be taken to enforce the judgment.
Article 95
Nothing in the Charter shall prohibit States Members of the United Nations from entrusting their disputes to other courts for settlement on the basis of existing or future agreements.
Article 96
1、 The General Assembly or the Security Council may request the International Court of Justice to give an advisory opinion on any legal question.
2、 Other organs of the United Nations and specialized agencies may at any time, with the authorization of the General Assembly, request the International Court of Justice to give an advisory opinion on any legal question within the scope of their work.
Chapter XV
Chapter XV: Secretariat
Article 97
The Secretary shall deal with one Secretary General and several clerks required by the Organization.The Secretary General shall be appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council.The Secretary General is the executive head of the Organization.
Article 98
The Secretary General shall exercise his functions in the capacity of Secretary General at all meetings of the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council and the Trusteeship Council, and shall perform other functions entrusted to him by those organs.The Secretary General shall submit to the General Assembly a permanent report on the work of the Organization.
Article 99
The Secretary General may bring to the attention of the Security Council any event that he considers may threaten international peace and security.
Article 100
1、 In the performance of their duties, the Secretary General and staff members shall not request or accept instructions from any government or other authority outside the Organization, and shall refrain from actions that would impede their status as international officials.The Secretary General and the staff are exclusively responsible to the Organization.
2、 The Member States of the United Nations commit themselves to respecting the exclusive international character of the responsibilities of the Secretary General and the staff, and will never try to influence the performance of their responsibilities.
Article 101
1、 The staff shall be appointed by the Secretary General in accordance with the articles of association of the General Assembly.
2、 Appropriate staff shall be permanently assigned to the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council and, when necessary, other organs of the United Nations.Such staff shall constitute a part of the Secretariat.
3、 The highest standards of efficiency, competence and loyalty shall be the primary consideration in determining the employment and service conditions of the staff.When recruiting clerks, due attention should be paid to geographical popularity to the extent possible.
Chapter 16
Chapter 16: Miscellaneous Provisions
Article 102
1、 After this Charter comes into force, all treaties and international agreements concluded by any Member State of the United Nations shall be registered with the Secretariat as soon as possible and published by the Secretariat.
2、 The parties shall not invoke any treaty or international agreement that has not been registered in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1 of this article to any organ of the United Nations.
Article 103
In the event of a conflict between the obligations of a Member State of the United Nations under this Charter and its obligations under any other international agreement, its obligations under this Charter shall prevail.
Article 104
The Organization shall enjoy in the territory of each Member State the legal capacity necessary for the performance of its functions and the attainment of its purposes.
Article 105
1、 The Organization shall enjoy in the territory of each Member State such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the achievement of its purposes.
2、 Representatives of Member States of the United Nations and staff members of the Organization shall likewise enjoy the privileges and immunities necessary for their independent exercise of their functions in relation to the Organization.
3、 For the purpose of specifying the rules for the implementation of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this article, the General Assembly may make recommendations or propose agreements to Member States of the United Nations for this purpose.
Chapter XVII
Chapter 17: Transitional Security Approach
Article 106
Before the special agreement referred to in Article 43 has not yet entered into force, and the Security Council considers that it is not yet possible to begin to perform its responsibilities under Article 42, the parties to the declaration of four countries signed in Moscow on October 30, 1943 and France shall, in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 5 of the declaration, consult with each other and, if necessary, with other States Members of the United Nations,To take, on behalf of the Organization, joint actions necessary for the purpose of maintaining international peace and security.
Article 107
This Charter does not cancel or prohibit the actions taken or authorized to be executed by the responsible government against the enemy country of any signatory country of this Charter in the Second World War due to the war.
Chapter XVIII
Chapter 18: Amendments
Article 108
Amendments to the Charter shall come into force for all Members of the United Nations after being voted by two-thirds of the members of the General Assembly and approved by two-thirds of the Members of the United Nations, including all the permanent members of the Security Council, in accordance with their respective constitutional procedures.
Article 109
1、 For the purpose of reviewing the present Charter, Members of the United Nations may hold a plenary meeting on a date and place fixed by two-thirds of the members of the General Assembly and by the vote of any nine members of the Security Council.Each Member State of the United Nations shall have one vote in the plenary.
2、 Any amendment to the Charter proposed by the plenary meeting with a two-thirds vote shall come into force after being approved by two-thirds of the Members of the United Nations, including all the permanent members of the Security Council, in accordance with their respective constitutional procedures.
3、 If the plenary meeting has not been held before the tenth annual meeting of the General Assembly after the Charter comes into force, the proposal to convene the plenary meeting shall be included in the agenda of the annual meeting of the General Assembly;If a majority of the members of the General Assembly and any seven members of the Security Council may vote, the meeting shall be held immediately.
Chapter 19
Chapter 19: Approval and Signature
Article 110
1、 This Charter shall be ratified by the signatory countries in accordance with their respective constitutional procedures.
2、 The instrument of ratification shall be deposited with the Government of the United States of America.The Government of that State shall notify the signatory States at the time of deposit of each instrument of ratification and, if the Secretary General of the Organization is appointed, the Secretary General.
3、 This Charter shall come into force as soon as the Government of the United States of America has notified that the Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the United States of America and more than half of the other signatories have deposited their instruments of ratification.The Government of the United States of America shall prepare a protocol to which it has deposited its ratification and shall transmit copies to all signatory States.
4、 Signatories to the present Charter who ratify it after the Charter comes into force shall become founding Members of the United Nations as of the date of deposit of their respective instruments of ratification.
Article 111
This Charter shall be kept in the archives of the Government of the United States of America. The French, Russian, English and Spanish texts shall be the same and authentic.The Government of that country shall send an official copy to the Governments of the other signatory countries.
In witness whereof, representatives of the Governments of the Member States of the United Nations have the honour to sign this Charter.
Signed in San Francisco on the 26th day of June, 1945 Gregorian calendar.[8]
social influence
Announce
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The United Nations is the outcome of the victory of the world anti fascist war, bearing the ardent expectations of the people of all countries for peace and development.As the most representative and authoritative intergovernmental international organization, the United Nations plays an irreplaceable role in promoting human progress by relying on the three pillars of peace and security, development and human rights.The Charter of the United Nations is not outdated.The international community should not only review the spirit of the Charter of the United Nations, but also constantly enrich the connotation of the Charter of the United Nations and endow it with new vitality in the light of the current trends and practical needs of the times.
The international community should take the important opportunity of commemorating the founding of the United Nations, review history, safeguard the victorious achievements of the world anti fascist war, look forward to the future, and realize the vision described in the Charter of the United Nations at an early date.Members of the United Nations should safeguard the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, practice the concept of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, promote global development cooperation, build a new type of international relations with win-win cooperation as the core, and jointly build a community with a shared future for mankind.
Social evaluation
Announce
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In view of the new changes in the international situation in the new era, we should build a new type of international relations with win-win cooperation as the core and build a community with a shared future for mankind.This fertile land deeply rooted in reality, echoing the rhythm of the times, is not only the inheritance and promotion of the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, but also the transcendence and innovation of traditional international relations theories, outlining the basic value coordinates of human civilization.Towards a community with a shared future for mankind, we must adhere to mutual respect and equal treatment among all countries, to win-win cooperation and common development, to common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, and to inclusiveness, exchange and mutual learning among civilizations.（Comments of Chinese President Xi Jinping）[9]
The international community needs to reaffirm its firm commitment to the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, earnestly safeguard the authority of the United Nations, constantly enrich the connotation of the Charter of the United Nations and endow it with new vitality;We need to firmly believe that different faiths, systems and nation states can coexist peacefully and compete in an orderly manner, so that common interests can prevail over differences and opposites.All countries should make joint efforts and work together in the same boat to firmly grasp the trend of world development and the destiny of mankind, so as to build a better common earth home.(commented by People's Daily)[10]
