Roman emperor

The title of the head of the Roman Empire

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Roman emperor (January 16, 27 BC - May 29, 1453 AD) Imperium Romanum Period, the position of the supreme ruler title ， Latin "Augustus"“ Augustus ”"Sacred greatness". Also known informally as "Imperator", transliteration“ Ingrado ”, was originally created on The Republic of Rome Temporary military title set during the period. When it is necessary to fight, ancient Rome Senate Authorize sb Unifying the army The soldiers can only shout "Imperator", which means victorious general, when they return to Rome to participate in the triumphal ceremony after the operation.

The Republic of Rome At the end of the period, Caesar, the military general, rose to become a political newcomer. He spent eight years leading the foreign wars, winning many battles and conquering vast areas Gaul He also held several important positions in the region. This greatly stimulated the nerves of the senate, so Caesar was Senate See it as an eyesore. In 44 BC, the republican faction of the Senate will be self styled for life Dictator Caesar assassinated“ Roman Civil War ”After the outbreak, Caesar's adopted son and general Octavian won the civil war, and he was Senate Grant“ Augustus ”Of Honorary title , marking Republican Period of Rome This concludes. in the future Ancient Rome All supreme rulers have this name, and their successors are also designated by the incumbent. Daikrixian reach Constantine Later, it evolved into Father died and son died Our blood relatives are hereditary. But until the Emperor of East Rome Heraclius recovery ancient Greek The royal title of "Bartheleus" and "Augustus" have always been the official title of the Roman emperor. However, "Ingrado" is not equal to the emperor, and the first Roman emperor did not have this title, but it was an informal title used for convenience in later historical research.

Western Roman Empire After the demise, Charlemagne Frederick I Wait for Germanic nationality Holy Roman Emperor He claimed to be the heir of the Western Roman emperor; and Eastern Roman Empire After the demise, Russia He also called himself the successor of the Eastern Roman Empire, czar Also called emperor.

Chinese name: Roman emperor
Foreign name: Roman Emperor
Title 1: Triumphal General, Chief Elder (Head of State) First citizen , civil protection officers, etc

First monarch: Augustus Caesar ^{[3 ]}
The Last Monarch of Western Rome: Romulus Augustus
The Last Monarch of East Rome: Constantine Xi

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The period of the Roman Empire's head of state system

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JULIA CLAUDI DYNASTY

Julia Claudius (27-68 BC)
reign	English name	Chinese name	remarks
The first 27-14 years	Augustus	Octavian	Kaiser's adopted son
14-37 years	Tiberius	Tiberius	Octavian's adopted son, Octavian inherits the throne after his death
37-41 years	Caligula	Caligula	The original name is Gaius Caesar, and Caligula is the nickname, which means small boots Began the custom of the Roman king claiming to be a god Assassinated
41-54 years	Claudius	Claudius	By the Queen Agrippina Minor Toxicosis
54-68 years	Nero	Nero	commit suicide

Civil unrest period of the four emperors

Year of the Four Emperors (68-69)
reign	English name	Chinese name	remarks
68-69 years	Galba	Galba	Murdered by Otto
69 years	Otho	Otto	Defeat, suicide
69 years	Vitellius	Vitellius	Defeated and executed

Flavian dynasty

Flavian Dynasty (69-96)
reign	English name	Chinese name	remarks
69-79	Vespasian	Vespasian	-
79-81	Titus	Titus	In 79, Vesuvius Burst and bury Pompeii
79-81	Titus	Titus	In 79, Vesuvius Burst and bury Pompeii
81-96	Domitian	domitian	Assassinated

Nerva-Antonine dynasty

Antonian Dynasty (96-192)
reign	English name	Chinese name	remarks
96-98	Nerva	nerva	The First Emperor in the Age of Five Immortals
98-117	Trajan	trajan	One of the Five Sage Emperors
117-138	Hadrian	Hadrian	One of the Five Sage Emperors
138-161	Antoninus Pius	Antony Piao	One of the Five Sage Emperors
138-161	Antoninus Pius	Antony Piao	One of the Five Sage Emperors
161-180	Marcus Aurelius	Marcus Aurelius	He and Verus were co emperors and one of the five sages
161-169	Lucius Verus	adc	And Marco Aurelius
175 years	Avidius Cassius	Avidius Cassius	Usurper Egypt and Syria Be a Centurion Killed	-
177-180	Marcus Aurelius	Marcus Aurelius	-
177-180	Commodus	Commodus	And Marco Aurelius
180-192	Commodus	Commodus	Strangled by a wrestler

Five emperors' civil unrest period

Year of the Five Emperors (193)
reign	English name	Chinese name	remarks
193	Pertinax	Petinax	Killed by soldiers
193	Didius Julianus	Ulianus	He bought the throne from the guards and was killed
193-194/195	Pescennius Niger	Peschenius Nigel	The Syrian army's contender for the throne was killed after defeat
193-197	Albanus	Claudius Albanus	A contender for the throne of British and Spanish legions, who was defeated and killed later
193-211	Septimius Severus	Septimius Severu	Establishment of the Severus Dynasty

Severan dynasty

Severus Dynasty (193-235)
reign	English name	Chinese name	remarks
193-211	Septimius Severus	Septimius Severu	The contender for the throne defeated other competitors and founded the Severus Dynasty
211-217	Caracalla	Karakala	And Gaita as co emperor
211 - February 27, 2011	Geta	Geta	And Karakala Killed by Karakala
217-218	Macrinus	Markrinus	And Diadumanian as co king Be executed
217-218	Diadumenian	Diaduminianus	And Makrinus as co king Be executed
218-222	Elagabalus	Eragabalus	Assassinated
222-235	Alexander Severus	Alexander Severu	Killed by rebel soldiers

Roman Emperors in Crisis of the Third Century

The Third Century Crisis (235-284)
reign	English name	Chinese name	remarks	head portrait
235-238	Maximinus Thrax	Maximinus	Suicide after defeat
235-238	Maximinus fils	Maximinus, Jr	Defeated and killed
238 years	Gordian I	Gordian I	And Gordian II commit suicide
238 years	Gordian II	Gordian II	And Gordian I Death in battle
238 years	Pupienus Maximus	Pupienus	And Barbinus Killed by guards
238 years	Balbinus	Barbinus	And Pupinus as co king Killed by guards
238-244	Gordian III	Gordian III	Be killed
240 years	Sabinianus	Sabinianus	Make oneself king defeat	-
244-249	Philip the Arab	Philip the Arab	Killed by Dekeus
248 years	Pacatianus	Tiberius Claudius Pacatianus	Make oneself king Killed by soldiers	-
248 years	Iotapianus	Iotapianus	Contender	-
248 years	Silbannacus	Hilbenacus	Usurper	-
249-251	Decius	Dekeus	Death in battle
249-252	Priscus	Priscus	Establish oneself as emperor in the east	-
250 years	Licinianus	Licinianus	Contender	-
251 years	Herennius Etruscus	（ Etruria Of) Herennius Etruscus	Death in battle	-
251 years	Hostilian	Hostilian	And Gallus Died of plague
251-253	Gallus	Gallus	Killed by soldiers
251-253	Volusianus	Vorusianus	And Gallus Killed by soldiers
253 years	Aemilianus	Emilianus	Killed by soldiers
253-260 years	Valerian	valerian	And Gallienus Go on an expedition Sassanid Empire Defeated and captured	-
253-260 years	Gallienus	Gallienus	And Valerian as co king
260-268	Gallienus	Gallienus	Be killed
260 years	Saloninus	Saloninus	And Gallienus Be killed
258-260 years	Ingenuus	Ingenus	self-starter	-
260 years	Regalianus	Regalia Annus	self-starter	-
260-261	Macrianus Major	Mahakrinus	self-starter Death in battle	-
260-261	Macrianus Minor	Crianus pony	self-starter Death in battle	-
260-261	Quietus	Queitus	Contender	-
261 years	Mussius Aemilianus	Musius Emilianus	self-starter	-
268 years	Aureolus	Oreolus	self-starter towards Claudius Gothicus surrender	-

The Gaul Emperors in the Crisis of the Third Century

The Third Century Crisis (235-284)
reign	English name	Chinese name	remarks
260-269	Postumus	Persdumus	Establishing the Gaul Empire
269	Laelianus	Lelianus	He established himself as King of the Gaul Empire
269	Marius	Marius	-
269-271	Victorinus	Victorinus	-
270-271	Domitianus	Domitianus	He established himself as King of the Gaul Empire
271-273	Tetricus I	Tetricus I	towards Aurelian Surrender, the Gaul Empire perishes
271-273	Tetricus II	Titricus II	And Titericus I as co king

Illyrian emperors in the crisis of the third century

The Third Century Crisis (235-284)
reign	English name	Chinese name	remarks	head portrait
268-270	Claudius II	Claudius Gothicus	Died of plague	-
270 years	Quintillus	Quintillus	And Aurelian commit suicide	-
270-275	Aurelian	Aurelian	Killed by guards
271 years	Septimius	Septimius	stay Dalmatia Make oneself king Killed by soldiers	-
275-276	Claudius Tacitus	Marcus Claudius Tacitus	Sick or killed
276 years	Florianus	Florianus	Be killed	-
276-282	Probus	Probus	Killed by soldiers	-
280 years	Saturninus	Saturninus	Make oneself king Killed by soldiers	-
280 years	Proculus	PROCURUS	Contender Killed by Probus	-
280 years	Bonosus	Bonosus	Stand on one's own feet as emperor Defeated by Probus, commit suicide	-
282-283	Marcus Aurelius Carus	Marcus Aurelius Carus	Unknown cause of death
283-285	Carinus	Carinus	He was killed as a co ruling king with Numerian
283-284	Numerian	Noumerian	And Karinus	-

The monarchical period of the Roman Empire

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Period of Four Emperors

Four Emperors (284-324)
reign	English name	Chinese name	remarks	head portrait
284-305	Diocletian	Daikrixian	Same as Maximian Augustus , in charge of the east
286-305	Maximian	Maximian	As Augustus with Diocletian, he is in charge of the west Forced suicide	-
305-311	Galerius	Galerius	With Constantius I Cesar In 305, he became Augustus and took charge of the east And Severus as co emperors
305-306	Constantius I Chlorus	Constantius I	Caesar with Gallerius In 305, he became Augustus and took charge of the west And Galerius as co emperor	-
306-307	Severus II	Severus (Severus II)	In 305, he became Caesar In 306, he became Augustus and took charge of the west And Galerius as co emperor	-
306-312	Maxentius	Maxentius	In 306, he called himself emperor cover constantine i Defeat and depose	-
308-324	Licinius	Licinius	In 308, he became Augustus Forced abdication
308 years	Domitius Alexander	Domitius Alexander	Stand on one's own feet as emperor	-
310-313	Maximinus Daia	Daia	In 305, he became Caesar and took charge of the east In 310, he called himself Augustus and divided the east with Licinius commit suicide	-
316-317	Valerius Valens	Valerius Valens	And Licinius as co emperor Executed by Constantine I	-
324 years	Martinianus	Martinianus	In 324, he became Augustus and took charge of the west And Licinius as co emperor Be killed	-

Emperor of the British Empire

British Empire (286-297)
reign	English name	Chinese name	remarks	Head portrait (gold coin)
286-293	Carausius	Kalusius	Build the British Empire Killed by Alectus
293-297	Allectus	Alectus	cover Constantius I beat

Constantinian dynasty

Constantine Dynasty (307-364)
reign	English name	Chinese name	remarks	head portrait
307-337	Constantine I The Great	constantine i （ Constantine the Great ）	Originally the Western Emperor under the four emperors' rule, he defeated other emperors and unified the empire First Belief Christianity Emperor of
337-340	Constantine II	Constantine II	After the death of Constantine I, the country was divided into three parts, and Constantine II was given a share Death in battle	-
337-361	Constantius II	Constantius II	After the death of Constantine I, the kingdom was divided into three parts, and Constantius II received a share	-
337-350 years	Constans	Constans I	After the death of Constantine I, the kingdom was divided into three parts, and Constantine had one share Killed by Magnentius	-
350-353 years	Magnentius	Magnentius	Usurper commit suicide	-
350 years	Vetriano	Vitriano	Stand on one's own feet as emperor	-
350 years	Nepotianus	Nipotianus	Stand on one's own feet as emperor	-
361-363	Julian the Apostate	(apostate) Julian	Death in battle
363-364	Jovian	Jovian	Violent death	-

Valentinian dynasty

Valentinian dynasty (364-394)
reign	English name	Chinese name	remarks
364-375	Valentinian I	Valentinian I	Western Emperor
364-378	Valens	Valens	East Emperor Death in battle
365-366 years	Procopius	Prokopius	Usurper Executed by Valens
367-383	Gratian	Gratian	Killed by rebels
375-392	Valentinian II	Valentinian II	-
383-388	Magnus Maximus	Magnus Maximus	The usurper of the west cover Theodosius I kill
386-388	Flavius Victor	Flavius Victor	Son of Magnus Maximus Killed by Theodosius I
392-394	Eugenius	Eugenius	The usurper of the west Death in battle

Theodosian dynasty

Theodosian Dynasty (379-95)
reign	English name	Chinese name	remarks
January 17, 379-395	Theodosius I	Theodosius I	Reunite the Empire

Western Roman Empire

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Western Roman Empire (395-476)
reign	English name	Chinese name	remarks
395-423	Honorius	Horoliu, Flavius Augustus	And Constantius III as co emperor 410 years, Visigoths Capture Rome
409-415	Priscus Attalus	Priscus Atalus	Stand on one's own feet as emperor	-
407-411	Constantine III	King Constantine III	Contender	-
409-411	Constans II	Constans II	Contender	-
411-413	Jovinus	Yovinus	Contender	-
412-413	Sebastianus	Sebastianus	Contender	-
421 years	Constantius III	Constantius III	And Honorius as co emperor
423-425	Joannes	Johnny	Contender	-
425-455	Valentinian III	Valentinian III	Be killed
455 years	Petronius Maximus	Petronius Maximus	Be killed	-
455-456	Avitus	Avitus	Be abandoned	-
457-461	Majorian	Mayorian	Be abandoned	-
461-465	Libius Severus	Libius Severu	Be abandoned	-
465-467	-	Vacant period	-	-
467-472	Anthemius	Antemius	Be executed	-
472 years	Olybrius	Olivius	-
473-474	Glycerius	Glikerius	abdication
474-475	Julius Nepos	Julius Nepos	abdication
475-476	Romulus Augustulus	Romulus Augustus	Be the barbarian leader Odoyac Dethrone

Eastern Roman Empire

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Theodosian dynasty

Theodosian dynasty (395-457)
one Akadius (Arcadius)	January 17, 395 - 408
two Theodosius II (Theodosius II)	408-450 years
three Marxian Marcian (Purkaria's husband)	450 - 457	-

Leo Dynasty

Leo dynasty (457-518)
one Leo I (Leo I)	457-474
two Leo II (Leo II)	474 years
three Flavi Zeno (Zeno)	474 - 475
4. Basiliskos	475-476, opposing the emperor
five Flavi Zeno (Zeno)	476-491, reset
six Anastasius I (Anastasius I)	491-518

Justinian Dynasty

Justinian Dynasty (518-602)
one Justin I Justinus I	518 - 527
two Justinian I (The Great Emperor)	527-565
three Justin II	565-578
four Maurice Tiberius	578 - 582
five Maurice I	582 - 602

Centurion Phocas Period

The period of centurion Phocas (602-610)
Phocas	(602-610, usurper)

Heraclian dynasty

Heraclian Dynasty (610-717)
one Heraclius I	(610-641)
two King Constantine III	(641)	-
three Heraclius II	(641)	-
four Constans II	(641-668)	-
five Constantine IV	(668-85)	-
six Justinian II	(685-694)	-
7. Leon Titus	(694 - 698)	-
eight Tiberius III	(698-705)	-
nine Justinian II (Reset)	(705-711)	-
10. Filipicus	(711-713)	-
eleven Anastasius II	(713-715)	-
twelve Theodosius III	(715-717)

Isaurian Dynasty

Isaurian dynasty (717-802)
one Leo III	(717-741)
two Constantine V "Rotten and dirty goods"	(741-775)	-
three Leo IV Chazaros	(775-780)	-
four Constantine VI	(780-797)	-
five irina	(797-802) - Empress
six Nikephoros I	(802-811)
7. Storakios	(811)	-
eight Mihale I Balbus	(811 - 813)	-
nine Leo V	(813-820)	-

Phrygian dynasty

Phrygian dynasty (820-867)
one Mihail II Stutter	(820-829)
two Theophilus	(829-842)
three Michael III Drunkard	(842-867)

Macedonian dynasty

Macedonian Dynasty (867-1057)
one Basil I	(867-886)
two Leo VI The Wise	(886-912)
3. Alexander II	(912-913)
four Constantine VII "Born in a royal family"	(913-954)
five Romanus I Lecapenus	(954-959)
six Romanus II	(959-63)
seven Nikephoros II Phokas ·Fox	(963-969)
eight John I ·Zimisciz	(969-76)
nine Basil II "Bogar Butcher"	(976-1025)
ten Constantine VIII	(1025 - 1028)
eleven Romanus III Argyros	(1028-1034)
twelve Michael IV Paphlago	(1034-1041)
thirteen Michael V Calaphates	(1041-1042)
fourteen Queen Zoe	(1028-1050, also known as Zoe I, ruled with Romanus III, Mihaer IV, Mihaer V, Empress Theodora, and Constantine IX)
fifteen Constantine IX Monomachos Monomachos	(1042-1055)
sixteen Empress Theodora	(reigned from 1042 to 1056, co ruled with Zoe I and Constantine IX, and ruled separately from 1055 to 1056)
seventeen Mihail VI ·Pavlagonia	(1056-1057)

Comnenus dynasty

Komunin dynasty (1057-1059)
Isaac I Komnenos ·Komunin	1057 - 1059

Ducas Dynasty

Ducas Dynasty (1059-1081)
one Dukas, Constantine X	(1059-1067)
2. Yudocia	(1067-1068) - Empress	-
three Romanus IV ·Diogenes	(1068-1071)	-
four Mihale VII	(1071-1078)
five Nicephorus III	(1078-1081)

Restoration of the Komunin Dynasty

Komunin Dynasty (1081-1185)
one Alexius I Komunin Alexius I Comnenus	(1081-1118)
two John II Comnenus Ioannes I Comnenus	(1118-1143)
three Manuel I ·Komunin	(1143-1180)
four Alexios II Komnenos ·Komuning Alexius II Comnenus	(1180-1183)
five Andronicus I ·Andronicus I Comnenus	(1183-1185)	-

Angrus Dynasty

Angrus Dynasty (1185-1204)
one Isaac II Angelos ·Angelus	(1185-1195)	-
two Alexius III ·Angelus	(1195-1203)	-
three Isaac II Angelos ·Angulus (reset)	(1203)	-
four Alexius IV Anglos	(1203-1204)
five Alexei V	(1204)

Rascaris Dynasty

The Rascarian Empire of Nicaea (1204-1261)
one Theodore I Laskaris ·Lascaris	1204-1222
two John III ·Wattaches	1222-1254
three Theodore II ·Lascaris	1254 - 1258
four John IV ·Lascaris	1258-1261

Baleolian Dynasty

Baleolian Dynasty (1261-1453)
one Michael VIII Palaiologos	From 1259 to 1282, the regent of John IV, who later abolished the emperor and became independent
two Andronikos II Palaiologos	1282-1328, son of Mihail VIII
3. Mihale IX	1294-1320, son of Andronicus II, co ruled with his father
four Andronikos III Palaiologos	1328-1341, son of Mihail IX and grandson of Andronicus II
five John V	1341-1376, son of Andronicus III
six John VI	From 1347 to 1354, John V's father-in-law co ruled with him
seven Andronikos IV Palaiologos	1376-1379, the son of John V, overthrew his father
eight John V	1379-1390, the first restoration
nine John VII	In 1390, the son of Andronicus IV overthrew John V
ten John V	1390-1391, the second restoration
eleven Manuel II	1391-1425, son of John V, brother of Andronicus IV
twelve John VIII	1425-1448, son of Manuel II
thirteen Constantine Xi	1449 - May 29, 1453, son of Manuel II and brother of John VIII