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so-calledeconomic resources Must be useful andScarcity, usefulness isresourcesAs the basis of resources, scarcity is the premise of economic resources, and whether we can recognize and utilize the usefulness of this scarcity still depends on certain knowledgetechnologyandEconomicsTherefore, economic resources are usually defined as the wealth with scarcity and utility, which is human societyeconomic system VariousEconomic goodsThe general name of.
Economic resources andEconomic goodsThere are obvious semantic differences.When talking about economic resources, they are often regarded as a collection of certain economic goods. Each economic resource may actually contain thousands of economic goods. For example, oil and quartz are different economic goods, but both belong to mineral resources ormaterial resources Or natural resources.
Further research points out that economic resources do not point to economic goods themselves, but the usefulness of economic goods relative to human society, that is, human societyeconomic system Under certain knowledge, technology and economic conditions, it is developed according to its own needs and attached to articlesuse valueEconomic goods are only the material carrier of economic resources. One kind of goods can carry multiple resource functions, and one resource function can be carried by multiple goods.
"The term 'resource' refers not to something or substance, but to the function of such thing or substance or the role it plays, such as the function and role of meeting needs and other given goals."
On the other hand, the use value or function of economic resources is still rooted in the functions performed within the economic element system after it is input and transformed into economic elements. Since the use value is inseparable from its material carrier, economic resources can be defined as the precursor of economic elements input into the economic element system.
Has not yet entered the human societyeconomic system The economic resources of are only the objective existence in the natural system, the potential form of economic resources, or the potential economic resources.Only under certain knowledge, technology and economic conditions can potential economic resources be incorporated into the human social economic system and become economic resources.
Economic resources must first be transformed from a potential form into a real form before they can be input to each economic element system. At the input end of the system, a buffer pool is often formed, and then they are transformed into economic elements organically integrated within the system. Economic elements are the internal forms of economic resources, and economic resources are the external forms of economic elementsConversion process, economic resources and economic factors cannot be simply one-to-one correspondence.
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The classification of economic resources varies widely due to different research perspectives, but no matter how eloquent the logical argument of its classification basis is, we have to admit that the objective world is nothing but three forms of material, energy and information, and human societyeconomic system As a component and a subsystem, all its economic resources can also be attributed to the three forms of matter, energy and information or their complexes or derivatives (time and space are the existence forms of moving matter, sometimes also regarded as economic resources, but in economic analysis, they should be defined as object attributes or resource attributes in most cases),That is, "all materials, energy and information that can be used for human beings under certain technical conditions".Therefore, according to the level of understanding that scientific research and production practice can achieve at present, economic resources, which are limited to the perspective of economic research, should include:
material resources
The objective existence that human social and economic activities rely on.material resources It is the basis for the survival and development of human society. Its myriad forms, characteristics and uses, where they originate and where they go, do not change this fundamental attribute when used for production or consumption, because "people must first eat, drink, live and wear, and then engage in politics, science, art, religion, etc.",However, "people do not have the ability to create material itself, or even this or that ability to create material", and can only be based on the material resources initially provided by nature.
Energy resources
"Energy is a term that includes all fuels, flowing water, sunshine and wind. Human beings can use appropriate conversion means to make it provide the energy they need". Energy is carried by matter, so energy resources can be understood as energy carrying substances used to drive human social and economic activities.
information resources
"Information itself is not material and does not have energy, but information transmission depends on material and energy... Information is contained in the signal, and information is transmitted by signal". Information is carried by signal, soinformation resourcesIt can be understood as the information carrying substance or energy used to guide human social and economic activities.
human resources
People involved in socio-economic activities are not only othersmaterial resources , energy resourcesinformation resourcesAs the organizer and manager of, they are also the comprehensive carrier and dynamic transformation body of their own material, energy and information. The material, energy and information contained in them cannot be physically separated and must be used uniformly and comprehensively;And human is the symbolic subject of social and economic activities, which is an indispensable core factor.
Therefore, from this perspective, manpower itself can be regarded as a separate economic resource that can be paralleled with material, energy and information, including human physical strength, human brain power and the storage of the results of their thinking activities - activating knowledge.People far away from the human social system are only human beings in nature (such as isolated and self-sufficient hermits), not human resources.
The part of economic resources that directly comes from nature can be called natural resources.However, in the past economic studies, most of the material, energy and information originally came from nature, so they were generally and less strictly merged into natural resources. Human resources naturally exist in the human social system, and natural resources and human beings themselves are regarded as the most primitive and basic economic resources - primary economic resources. "In a sense,production factorsThere are only two, that is, nature and mankind. "Labor and nature together are the source of all wealth. Nature provides materials for labor, and labor turns materials into wealth." Labor is the father of wealth, and land is the mother of wealth.
The above four kinds of primary economic resources have not been completely included in human societyeconomic system In the complex movement of, around the original economic resources, it is also possible to differentiate and derive other derived economic resources with relatively independent forms and laws of movement. This differentiation and derivation is not a simple form variation, but a leap and sublation of a certain germplasm, which is based on the cognition, allocation and command of the original economic resources,As the guide, guidance and guidance of the acquisition and input of the original economic resources, and then itself is also competing for resources - derived economic resources, and this differentiation and derivation will continue to occur in the process of the deep evolution of the human social economic system, but so far, the existingDerived economic resourcesIt mainly includes:
By various valuesuse valueMorphological purification comes independently
·Economic rights resources（Economic Rights Resources）
From the relationship between economic elementsinternalizationIndependent.The common characteristics of these three derived resources are that they are all fermented from the historical accumulation of human social and economic development, and have experienced the evolution process from scratch, from quantitative change to qualitative change, until they are carried out through socialized division of laborspecializedProduction is marked by becoming a direct and universal social exchange object, and breaking pupae into butterflies is a relatively independent resource form.
