Satellite launched by the former Soviet Union on December 15, 1984
Vega 1, also known as Vega 1Soviet UnionManufacturing, main researchVenusMolecular spectrum, radiation, solar wind ions, magnetic field, etc., and the use of Venus gravity ejection distance.The launch was successful on December 15, 1984.
Chinese name
Vega 1
Foreign name
Vega 1
Country
Soviet Union
Quality
485.2 kg, 1093 kg (including fuel)
Launch time
December 15, 1984
Launch carrier
Proton K/D carrier rocket
Main tasks
Study the molecular spectrum, radiation, solar wind ions, magnetic field, etc. of Venus, and use the gravity ejection distance of Venus.
Vega 1 (English name: Vega 1), also known as Vega 1, was made in the former Soviet Union and launched successfully on December 15, 1984, with 485.2 kg and 1093 kg (including fuel).
Exploration task
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Vega 1
Mainly for VenusHalley's CometExplore, study the molecular spectrum, radiation, solar wind ions, magnetic field, etc. of Venus, and use the gravity ejection distance of Venus.The detector weighs 4 tons and is equipped withMass spectrometer，magnetometer, electronic analyzer, television camera and other scientific detection devices.On March 6, 1986, Vega 1 reached 8900 kilometers away from Haley's nucleus and took the first picture of the nucleus, which showed that the nucleus was composed of ice, snow and dust particles.Vega 2 flew 8200 kilometers away from Huihe on March 9 and took a clearer picture of Huihe.After comparative analysis, scientists believe that Haley's nucleus is like a peanut shell, about 11 kilometers long and 4 kilometers wide.The Vega probe also found the existence of the Huinuke for the first timecarbon dioxideAnd found simple organic molecules, so scientists believe that the origin of life can be found from the nucleus of wisdom.
On January 21, 1985, the tracking station of NASA received the radio signal from them for the first time.(Although it is a competitor's probe) On June 14 and 18, they approached Venus one after another, skimmed from about 3500 kilometers away from Venus, and dropped a balloon and a soft landing module (also known as the Venus landing module) into the atmosphere of Venus respectively.Then, the Vega probe will receive Venusfield of gravityDeflect its flighttrack, turning to a more precise track, in March 1986 andHalley's CometRendezvous.At that time, the Vega probe will fly 10000 kilometers away from the comet and send back the detection data during the rendezvous in timeearth。
In June 1985, Vega 1 first arrived at Venus by the way, dropped a landing capsule on the surface of Venus, and then turned to fly toHalley's CometPlanetary orbits.On March 4, 1986, Wega 1 began to investigate Halley's Comet 14 million kilometers away, and took dozens of high-quality photos of Halley's Comet;On March 6, a comprehensive survey was conducted at a place only 8900 kilometers away from Halley's Comet.On March 9, 1986, Weiga 2 flew 8200 kilometers away from Halley's Comet and sent back more than 700 photos of Halley's Comet, sending back new information about the physical and chemical properties of the comet nucleus, the gas and dust around the comet nucleus, etc.[1]
Spacecraft and carrier
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The Weiga detector adopts three-axis attitude stabilization, which is mainly characterized by largeSolar panel, a high gainantennaThe reflector and automatic platform can rotate in two vertical directions through+or - 110 degrees and+or - 40 degrees to achieve stable positioning accuracy of 5 arc minutes and 1 arc minute/second.Vega 1 has narrow angle and wide angle cameras, three channelsa spectrometerAnd infrared detectors.Two magnetometer sensors are mounted on a 2m cantilever while various plasma probes and other analyzers are mounted on a 5m cantilever.It also has a fast telemetry mode with a data transmission rate of 65KB/S and a slow telemetry mode.In order to overcome the ultra-high speed dust, the engineers used a spacecraft with a shielding of 20~30cm, a 1mm aluminum plate and a 100 μ m thick multilayer sheet composed of 5~10cm.About half of the detectors are instruments for exploring Halley's Comet, while the other half is for the Venus lander.OverallscienceThe payload weight is 144.3 kg.
The detector is also equipped with other instruments, such as thruster of cooler height control system, plasma mass spectrometer, neutral particle mass spectrometer,Dust counter, three channel mass spectrometer, television system, wide-angle television camera,Infrared spectrometer，magnetometer, dust mass spectrometer, etc.
The two Vega have the same structure, each weighing 2.5 tons (excluding the 2 ton Venus lander), and both have a dish antenna and instrument platform.Four spectrometers, spectrographs and cameras are installed on the platformSolar panelProvide energy for the detector.The detector isThree-axis gyroscopeKeep it stable and point it in any direction.Its main task is toHalley's CometDuring the regression period, the gas composition and outflow velocity of the comet were detected, and the infrared and spectral photos of the comet nucleus were taken to obtain the temperature of the comet nucleus, the properties and density distribution of dust particles and gas molecules
Vega Plan
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From 1984 to 1986, the Soviet Union explored Venus and Halley's Comet to a very successful flight mission.The name "Bega" is composed of the Latin letters corresponding to the first letters of Venus and Comet Halley in Russian.Two probes will deploy one landing module and one landing module near Venusballoon(June 1985), and then took advantage of the gravity assisted flight of Venus to intercept Halley's Comet (March 6 and 9, 1986). Wega 2 carried a large number of scientific observation equipment and passed within 8900 kilometers of the comet nucleus.This task has a high international scale.All the projects of this mission were boldly carried out under open observation and proved to be a great success.The balloon was placed at an altitude of 54 kilometers and includedNASAThe International Antenna Network, including the Deep Space Network (DSN), tracks for two days.This is a famous example of international cooperation.Similarly, in order to fly over Halley's Comet, Vega provided optical navigation data, and the deep space network provided radio tracking input signals.This plan is the first close observation of Halley's comet nucleus, and also the first measurement of Halley's comet gas and fine dust.But the detector was severely hit by Halley's comet dust at a speed of 75 kilometers per second.
