naphtha

[shí nǎo yóu]

petroleum products

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Naphtha is petroleum products One, also called chemical light oil and crude gasoline, is processed and produced from crude oil or other raw materials for chemical raw materials Light oil , mainly used as chemical raw materials. There are different kinds of Distillation range The distillation range specified by China is Final boiling point About 220 ℃. As production ethylene 70 ℃~145 ℃ fraction , called light naphtha; When producing aromatic hydrocarbon or High octane gasoline For the purpose, use 70 ℃~180 ℃ distillate to weigh naphtha; When used as solvent, it is called solvent naphtha; come from coal tar The aromatic solvent of is also weighed naphtha or solvent naphtha.

According to the Notice of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on Raising the Consumption Tax Rate of Refined Oil (CS [2008] No. 167), the collection scope of naphtha includes gasoline, diesel Aviation kerosene 、 Solvent oil Other than Light oil 。 Non standard gasoline, reformate, topping oil, light cracking feedstock（ Vacuum diesel VGO and Atmospheric diesel AGO）、 Heavy cracking material Hydrocracking Tail oil , Aromatics Raffinate oil All belong to light oil and belong to the collection scope of naphtha.

Chinese name: naphtha
Foreign name: Naphtha
Alias: Chemical light oil 、 Crude gasoline
CAS login number: 8030-30-6
EINECS login number: 232-443-2

Appearance: Colorless Transparent Liquid
Security description: S45；S53；S62
Hazard symbol: Xn；T
Hazard description: R12；R45；R65
UN dangerous goods number: one thousand two hundred and sixty-eight^{[1 ]}

catalog

seven Protective measures
eight Operation, disposal, storage and transportation

Main properties

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Main components

Naphtha, also known as chemical light oil and crude gasoline, generally contains 55.4% straight chain alkanes, 30.3% monocyclic alkanes, 2.4% bicyclic alkanes Alkyl benzene 11.7%, benzene 0.1%, indene and naphthalene 0.1%. Average molecular weight 114, Explosion limit 1.2%~6.0%。

Main composition: mainly C of alkanes five ～C seven Ingredients.

physical property

Naphtha is colorless, transparent or yellowish liquid at normal temperature and pressure, with special smell and insoluble in water. The density is 650-750kg/m three 。 Sulfur content Not more than 0.08%,

Main applications

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Main use: can separate various Organic raw materials , such as gasoline, benzene kerosene 、 asphalt Etc.

Naphtha is a light oil product Crude distillation Or oil Secondary processing Cut corresponding fraction And get. The boiling point range is determined as required, usually wide Distillation range , such as 30-220 ℃.

Naphtha is Tube furnace cracking Preparation ethylene ， propylene ， catalytic reforming Preparation of benzene, toluene ， xylene Important raw materials. As cracking raw material, naphtha shall be alkane and Naphthenic hydrocarbon The content of is not less than 70% (volume);

When used as catalytic reforming feedstock to produce high octane gasoline components, Feed by Broad fraction , boiling point range is generally 80-180 ℃, used for production aromatic hydrocarbon When the feed is Narrow fraction The boiling point range is 60-165 ℃.

Light straight run naphtha commonly used abroad Boiling range 0-100 ℃, boiling range of heavy straight run naphtha is 100-200 ℃;

Catalytic cracking naphtha can be divided into light, medium and heavy naphthas with temperature<105 ℃, 105-160 ℃ and 160-200 ℃.

Actual connection: due to naphtha market price Far lower than vehicle use Unleaded gasoline (ton Price difference 600-1200 yuan). The use of naphtha and petrochemical additives to mix unleaded gasoline for vehicles has become an important way for private petrochemical enterprises to increase the profits of refined oil.

China's crude oil is heavy, and the supply of naphtha is very tight, Ethylene plant Raw materials for reforming unit and naphtha hydrogen production unit.

danger

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Ingestion: at production environment Medium, it is unlikely to enter the human body through this way. Higher doses may cause nausea, vomiting anaesthesia , powerless dizzy , shallow breathing surface abdominal distention 、 Loss of consciousness And convulsions, which can occur central nervous system inhibition.

Eye contact: the substance may irritate the eyes, which may be caused by long-term contact inflammatory reaction 。 Repeated long-term exposure may cause conjunctivitis 。

Skin contact: the liquid makes the skin uncomfortable and can cause dermatitis 。 This substance can aggravate the original skin disease 。

Inhalation: This vapor causes Upper respiratory tract Discomfort. Upper respiratory tract irritation symptoms may occur at high concentrations dyspnea 、 Cyanosis etc. Anoxic symptom 。 Long time exposure to low concentration (about 90mg/L) may cause mild Central nervous system symptoms 。

Environmental hazards : This product is flammable, irritant and harmful to the environment. It may pollute the atmosphere, soil and water.

Explosion hazard: its vapor and air can form Explosive mixture , in case of open fire High fever Can cause Combustion explosion 。 his Vapor ratio The air is heavy and can spread to a relatively far place at a lower place, and will ignite and recoil in case of fire source.

First aid measures

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Skin contact: immediately remove all contaminated clothing, including shoes. Rinse the skin and hair with flowing water (soap can be used). If irritation occurs, seek medical advice.

Eye contact: immediately open the upper and lower eyelids, thoroughly flush with flowing water for at least 15 minutes, and seek medical advice immediately.

Inhalation: leave the polluted area to a place with fresh air. Symptomatic treatment , seek medical advice.

Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Those who are conscious can rinse with water. Treat symptomatically and seek medical advice.

Fire fighting measures

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Hazard characteristics: flammable. Its vapor and air can form explosive mixture, which can cause combustion and explosion when encountering open fire and high heat. It can react strongly with oxidants. Its vapor is heavier than air and can diffuse along the ground and accumulate in low-lying areas and restricted areas. Vapor can spread to a considerable distance, and will ignite and recoil in case of fire source. In a fire, the container may burst when heated.

Harmful Combustion products ： carbon monoxide 。

Fire extinguishing method: spray water to cool the container, and move the container from the fire site to an open place if possible. Do not use direct water. Use foam carbon dioxide Dry powder and sand fire extinguishing.

Precautions for fire extinguishing: fire fighter Must wear full body fire protection Antivirus clothing , on Upwind Fire fighting. Move the container from the fire site to an open place as far as possible. Spray water to keep the fire site container cool until the fire is extinguished. If the container in the fire has changed color or is safe Pressure relief device The sound generated in the is increasing and must be evacuated immediately. Fire extinguishing with water is invalid.

Leakage emergency treatment

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Evacuate the personnel in the leakage contaminated area to a safe area quickly, isolate them, and strictly restrict access. Cut off the ignition source. Ventilate the leakage area. proposal Emergency Management Personnel shall wear self-contained positive pressure respirators Antistatic clothing 。 Cut off the leakage source as much as possible. Prevent inflow sewer 、 Flood discharge ditch And so on.

Small amount of leakage: use sand Vermiculite Or others Inert material Absorption.

Large amount of leakage: build a dike or dig a pit to receive. Cover with foam to reduce steam disaster. Transfer to tank car or special purpose with explosion-proof pump collector Inside, recycle or transport to waste disposal Site disposal.

Protective measures

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Engineering control: Production process airtight, General ventilation 。 Provide safety shower and eyewash equipment.

respiratory system Protection: wear when the concentration in the air exceeds the standard Filter gas mask （ Half mask ）。

Eye protection: wear Safety goggles 。

Body protection: wear Antistatic clothing 。

Hand protection: wear Rubber oil resistant gloves 。

Other protection: smoking is strictly prohibited at the work site. After work, take a shower and change clothes. Pay attention to personal hygiene.

Operation, disposal, storage and transportation

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Precautions for handling: proper ventilation. In places where high concentrations may occur, operators should use appropriate personal protective equipment. Keep away from kindling and heat source, Workplace Smoking is strictly prohibited. 。 Use explosion-proof ventilation system And equipment. The flow rate shall be controlled during filling, and Grounding device , prevent electrostatic accumulation 。 Load and unload gently during transportation to prevent damage to packaging and containers. Equipped with corresponding varieties and quantities Fire Equipment and Leakage emergency treatment Equipment. Empty containers may contain residual products (liquids and/or vapors).

Precautions for storage: store in a cool and ventilated warehouse. Keep away from kindling and heat sources. The warehouse temperature should not exceed 30 ℃. Keep container sealed. It shall be stored separately from oxidant and shall not be mixed. Explosion proof lighting and ventilation facilities shall be adopted. It is forbidden to use those easy to generate sparks mechanical equipment And tools. The storage area shall be equipped with leakage emergency treatment equipment and appropriate materials.

Precautions for transportation: the transportation vehicles shall be equipped with fire fighting equipment of corresponding types and quantities and leakage emergency treatment equipment. It is better to transport in the morning and evening in summer. The tank (tank) truck used for transportation shall have Grounding chain The slot can be equipped with a hole separator to reduce the static electricity generated by vibration. It is strictly prohibited to mix with oxidants, edible chemicals, etc. During transportation, it shall be protected from sun exposure, rain and high temperature. Keep away from kindling, heat source and high temperature area during stopover. Vehicle carrying the item exhaust pipe Fire arresting devices must be equipped. It is forbidden to use mechanical equipment and tools that are easy to generate sparks for loading and unloading. road transport When driving, please follow the specified route residence community and Densely populated area stop. It is forbidden to slip during railway transportation. Wooden boats are strictly prohibited Cement barge Bulk transportation

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