synonymzm-zhsg (Empress Wen Zhaozhen of the Cao Wei Dynasty) Generally refers to Empress Wen Zhaozhen
Empress Wen Zhaozhen (January 26, 183 August 4, 221), whose name is unknown, is said to bezm-zhsg (f ú), actually there is no record.[1]Known as Mrs. Zhen in history, Zhongshan Wuji (todayHebei ProvinceWuji County）People[136-137], Shangcai LingZhen YiDaughter of.Emperor Wei WenCao PiHis wife, Wei MingdiCao RuiYour biological mother.
Zhen's father died at the age of three.Jian'anDuring 196-220,Yuan ShaoIs the second sonYuan XiMarry him as a wife.In the fourth year of Jian'an (199), Yuan Xi became the governor of Youzhou, and Zhen stayed in Jizhou to serve Yuan Shao's wife Liu.Nine years of construction and installation (204 years),Cao CaoWhen he led the army to capture Yecheng, the Zhen family was accepted by Cao Pi because of its peerless appearance and was very popular. He gave birth to his son Cao Rui and his daughter Cao Shi (namelyDongxiang Princess）。[2]
In the first year of Yankang (220 years), Cao Pi succeeded to the throne of the King of Wei. In June, he led an army to the south, and the Zhen family was left in Yecheng.In October of the same year, Cao Pi became emperor and Shanyang DukeLiu XiePresent two women as Cao Pi's concubines in the haremQueen Wen Deguo、Li GuirenandYin nobleFortunately, Zhen became more frustrated and revealed some resentful words. Cao Pi was furious. In June of the second year of the Huangchu era (221), he sent an envoy to kill Zhen and bury her in Ye City.[3]
In the seventh year of the Yellow River (226 years), after his son Cao Rui ascended the throne, his posthumous title was Queen Wenzhao.In the fourth year of Taihe (230 years), Cao Rui, Emperor Wei Ming, buried the Zhen family in the Chaoyang Mausoleum.[4]
Zhen was born on December 26, 183 in the fifth year of Guanghe[123]）, Zhongshan Wuji People (today's Shijiazhuang, Hebei ProvinceWuji County）, HanTaibaoZhen HanDescendants of.Zhen Han's father-in-law, Marquis BoshanAperture lightThe 14th grandson of Confucius, Grand MasterKong BaThe son of the officialGeneral、the prime minister、Taifu、Grand Master, the assistant minister of the four dynasties, virtuous, knowledgeable in Confucian classics, wasThe empress dowagerWang Zhengjun、Emperor Cheng of the Han DynastyandEmperor Ai of the Han DynastyHe was later appointed Emperor Han Ping as a famous Confucian in the worldLiu DiOur teacher.[5]Zhen Hanhe's descendants joined the court and became officials. They got powerful officials because of their aptitudeusurper who founded the Xin dynastyReliance on.Zhen FengHe was promoted from a local official to an assistant minister in the imperial palace, and later became an officialDasikongHe was honored by the Marquis of Guangyang and the Duke of Guangxin;Zhen Hanguan BaibaiDasimaHe was accepted by the Marquis of Chengyang and the Duke of Chengxin, and then served as the Great Han Tai Bao, holding the military power of the world;Zhen Feng's sonScreeningletWaiter、Jing Zhaoyin；Zhen XinweiGuangluxun, known as the "Four Zhen", became a new dignitary in the imperial court,[6-7]Wuji Zhen also becameZhongshan It is a powerful and prestigious family, and has inherited two thousand stone salaries from generation to generation.[8]
A portrait of Zhen
Zhen's fatherZhen YiHe once served as Cai Ling. His mother, Zhang, was from Changshan and had three sons and five daughtersZhen YuEarly death, second maleZhen YanyoungShow filial piety and honestyWeilang, appointed as the senior general's rafter, served as the Quliang order, three menZhen YaoWe should also be filial and honest;The Zhen family also has four sisters named Jiang, Tuo, Dao and Rong.[8-9]
When Zhen Shi goes to bed every night, everyone in the family seems to see someone covering her with jade clothes. Everyone is very strange about this.When Zhen was three years old, her father Zhen Yi died. The young Zhen cried bitterly because of her yearning for her father. Such precocious wisdom made people at home and around her feel that she was different from others.[9]Later, Liu Liang, a matchmaker, looked at Zhen Shi and Zhen Yi's other children. Liu Liang pointed to Zhen Shi and said, "This girl will be invaluable in the future." Zhen Shi was not easy to tease from childhood to adulthood.When she was eight years old, there were acrobats riding a horse outside the yard. Zhen's family and several sisters all went to the attic to watch, but she didn't go. Several sisters asked her strangely. Zhen replied, "Is this what girls watch,The elder brother smiled at her and said, "Women should learn from female workers. What's the use of studying? Do you want to be a female worker in the futureFemale doctor(official name)? "Zhen replied, "In ancient times, women who were waiting for virtue should learn from the success and failure of their predecessors to warn themselves. If they didn't study, what would they use for reference?"[10]
Relieve the village
At the end of the Han Dynasty, there was a great disorder in the whole world, and there were years of famine. People sold their valuable things to make a living.At that time, the Zhen family had a large amount of grain reserves and took the opportunity to purchase many gold and silver treasures.Zhen was only a teenager at that time. Seeing this situation, she said to her mother: "Seeking treasure in troubled times is not a good policy,Every man is innocentThis is the so-called death due to wealth.Now many people are starving. It is better to open a granary of grain in the family to give alms to the neighbors. This is a virtue that benefits everyone. "The whole family thought what she said was reasonable, so they distributed all the food in the family to the neighbors for free.[11]
When Zhen was 14 years old, her second brotherZhen YanWhen she died, Zhen was very sad. She treated her widowed sister-in-law with respect and humility. She helped her take care of her family from time to time and took care of the children left by Zhen Yan and her love.Zhen's mother has a strict character and often uses strict rules to ask her daughter-in-law. She has advised her mother several times: "The second elder brother died early, unfortunately, and the second sister-in-law was widowed at a young age. She still has to take care of the children left behind. Although she is the daughter-in-law, she should love her like her own daughter." After hearing Zhen's words, mother was moved to tears, and then let Zhen and the second sister-in-law often walk around and live together,The relationship is very close.[12]
Four years of construction and installation[127](199), Yuan Shao defeatedGongsun ZanYuan Xi, Zhen's husband, was appointed governor of Youzhou, while Zhen stayed in Yecheng to serve her mother-in-law Liu.[13][116]
Remarry and become virtuous
In 204 AD (the ninth year of Jian'an), Yecheng in Jizhou wasCao CaoZhen was defeated by Cao Cao's sonCao PiAccommodation.At that time, there was a saying that when Cao Cao captured Ye, Cao Pi advanced to the Yuan House. He saw a young woman with disheveled hair and dirty face, hiding behind Mrs. Liu and crying. Cao Pi asked who she was, and Mrs. Liu replied, "It is the wife of Yuan Xi." Then Cao Pi helped her put her hair in a bun and wipe her face with a towel, and found that she was extremely beautiful.Later, Mrs. Liu said to Zhen: "Don't worry about being killed now!"So Cao Pi accepted the Zhen family and was very fond of it.[14]One more thing: Mrs. Liu and Zhen sit in the lobby together.Cao Pi entered Yuan's residence and saw Mrs. Liu and the Zhen family. The Zhen family was afraid, so she bent her head on Mrs. Liu's lap. Mrs. Liu asked someone to tie her hands.Cao Pi asked, "Why did Mrs. Liu want to do this? Let your daughter-in-law raise her head." Mrs. Liu held Zhen up and asked her to raise her head. When Cao Pi saw her extraordinary beauty, he was pleased with her.When Cao Cao heard Cao Pi's thoughts, he married the Zhen family.[15-16]After she married Cao Pi, Zhen was very fond of him for several years,[17]Give birth to a sonCao RuiAnd daughter Cao（Dongxiang Princess）。
Zhen encouraged Cao Pi's concubines to strive for progress when they were in favor, comforted and enlightened those who were not in favor, and often persuaded Cao Pi to say, "In ancient timesYellow EmperorThe prosperity of descendants is due to the number of wives and concubines.So the husband should also take more beautiful women to make his children prosperous."Cao Pi was very appreciative after hearing this. Later, Cao Pi wanted to expel Ren. Zhen asked Cao Pi," Ren is a famous clan in the countryside. I can't compare with her in virtue and beauty. Why should I send her away? "Cao Pi said," Ren is impatient and not gentle. She resented me not once before, so she sent her away."Mrs. Zhen cried and insisted on asking," I am respected by you. Everyone knows that it must be my fault that Ren was expelled. My parents in law will say that I am selfish, and I will be spoiled next time. I hope you can reconsider! "Cao Pi refused to listen and insisted on sending Ren away.[18]
In the 13th year of Jian'an (208), Cao Cao's beloved sonCao ChongWhen he died, Cao Cao gave him a giftRiding Duwei, and hired the dead daughter of the Zhen family as his concubine, who was buried together with Cao Chong and adoptedCao JueSon ofCao CongIs after.[19]
Years without permission
In July of the 16th year of Jian'an (211), Cao Cao marched westwardMadam BianStay sick on the wayMengjinCao Pi and Zhen stayed in Yecheng.At that time, Mrs. Bian was ill. Zhen couldn't take care of her in time. She was so anxious that she could not sleep and eat well. She often cried secretly.A servant nearby told her that Mrs. Bian had recovered from her illness, but Zhen still didn't believe her. She said, "Mrs. Bian is at home. She often has an old problem. Every time, she has to recover for a long time. How can she recover so quickly this time? You must want to comfort me." So she was more worried.Later, Mrs. Bian wrote back that she had recovered, and Zhen was relieved.[20]
In the first month of the 17th year of Jian'an (212 years), when the army returned to Ye, the Zhen family went to meet her. When they saw Madam Bian, they were both sad and happy. Everyone around them was moved.When Mrs. Bian saw that Zhen cared so much about herself, she couldn't help shedding tears and said, "Is my daughter-in-law afraid that I will be as difficult to recover from my last illness as before? I'm just a little sick. It's just a minor illness. I'll be fine in a dozen days. Look at my look." Then she sighed, "What a dutiful daughter-in-law!"[21]
During the Han and Wei Dynasties, it was a custom for housewives to pay homage at banquets.Cao PiweiA descendantAt that time, he once hosted a banquet for literary officials and ordered his wife Zhen to pay homageWu ZhiandLiu ZhenOther guests bowed their heads and saluted the Zhen family. Only Liu Zhen did not bow down, but looked at the Zhen family squarely. When Cao Cao heard that, he severely punished Liu Zhen. At first, he was sentenced to death. Later, he was freed from the death penalty and issued as a hard labor millstone. Wu Zhen was also implicated and demoted to be a court song leader. Later, he was moved to the order of the Yuan Dynasty.[22]
In the 21st year of Jian'an (216 years), Cao Cao marched eastwardking of Wu in the Three Kingdoms EraMadam Bian, Cao Pi, Cao Rui and Princess Dongxiang all followed. Zhen stayed in Yecheng because of illness at that time.
In September of the 22nd year of Jian'an (217), when the army returned to Yecheng, Mrs. Bian's maidservants and maidservants, seeing that Zhen's appearance was better than before, asked her strangely: "Madam, you have been separated from the two children for so long. Don't you miss them, but you look so good? Why?"Zhen replied with a smile, "Cao Rui and Princess Dongxiang follow Madam Bian to take care of them. I have nothing to worry about."[23]
The Mystery of Death
The first year of the Yellow River[133]In the first month of 220, Cao Pi, the king, was granted the title ofCao RuiHe is the Marquis of Wude.[24]In June, led the army to the south, and Zhen stayed in Yecheng.October,Emperor Xian of the Han DynastyAbdicate the throne to Cao Pi.After the abdication, he abdicated to Shanyang DukeLiu XieShe betrothed her two daughters to Cao Pi as concubines, and Guo Guibin and Li and Yin, two noble people, were also favored. Zhen was increasingly frustrated, showing some resentment.[3]
Dingmao Day in June of the second year of Huangchu (August 4, 221[118]）Cao Pi sent messengers to kill Zhen and bury him in Yecheng.《Romance of the Three Kingdoms》It is recorded that Empress Zhen's death was favored by Empress Guo.Emperor Wen askedZhou XuanSaid, "I dreamt that two tiles on the palace fell down and turned into two mandarin ducks. What's the sign?" Zhou Xuan said, "I'm afraid someone will die violently in the harem." Cao Pi said, "I was lying to you,Yellow Gate OrderIt was reported that there were people killing each other in the harem.Later, Cao Pi asked Zhou Xuan, "Yesterday I dreamt that a cloud of smoke was rising from the sky." Zhou Xuan said, "I'm afraid there will be a noble woman dying of injustice." At that time, Cao Pi had sent someone to give Madam Zhen an imperial edict for her death. Hearing Zhou Xuan's words, Cao Pi was very regretful, so he sent someone to pursue the envoy, but it was too late.[25]
《Wei Lue》It is recorded that Guo Guibin went into calumny to harm Zhen, who entrusted Cao Rui to Li Shi, another concubine of Cao Pi, before his death.When Cao Rui succeeded to the throne, he asked the empress dowager several times about the death of his mother. The empress dowager was worried about the collapse. Then Li Shi explained to the Ming Emperor that Zhen was trapped by Guo Shi and died. The Ming Emperor mourned so much that people were also buriedEmpress Dowager Guo。[26]
《Han, Jin, Spring and Autumn》And《Comprehensive Mirror for Aid Government》It is recorded that Zhen died because Guo was favored. After her death, she covered Guo's body with chaff so that her soul could not avenge her.After Emperor Ming succeeded to the throne, he felt resentful and asked the empress dowager several times about her mother's death. Empress dowager Guo said, "Your mother was killed by the former emperor. Why did you blame me?You should blame your father.Moreover, as the son of man, how can you kill your stepmother because of your own mother? "Emperor Ming was so angry that he forced Empress Dowager Guo to die.[27]
《Wei Shu》According to records, the first year of the Yellow River (220 years)[124]），Cao PiWhen he ascended the throne and became emperor, the minister asked him to appoint Zhen as the queen. Cao Pi issued an imperial edict, but Zhen said, "I heard that the prosperity of the previous dynasties could makefate and happiness of a nationYanmian, there is no reason not because of the empress, so we must choose carefully to promote the enlightenment of the inner palace.Your majesty should choose a virtuous and virtuous person to manage the harem when he first ascends the throne.I think I am stupid and can't take this responsibility. In addition, I have been ill for a long time and dare to keep my ambition. "The seal was signed three times, and Zhen resigned three times, and his words were very sincere.It was hot at that time, and the emperor hoped to wait until the cool autumn.Later, Zhen became seriously ill. On the 4th day of August, 221, Dingmao, June, the second year of the Huangchu era[118]）, died in Yecheng.The emperor sighed with grief and gave the queen a signet ribbon.[28]
Pei SongzhiIn the note《Romance of the Three Kingdoms》At that time, he thought that the compiling spirit of Wei Shu did not conform to the meaning of Spring and Autumn Annals[135]。Emperor Wen did not make Zhen the queen, but killed her. If the editors and authorities of the Book of Wei thought it was a great evil, they should hide it. If they thought it was a small evil, they should not use false words to whitewash the peace to such an extent, which was never seen in previous history books.In this way, it is difficult to discuss the good words and deeds of Empress Bian and Empress Zhen as mentioned in Wei Shuzhong,Chen ShouIt is proper to delete them.[29]
《Comprehensive Mirror for Aid Government》Li said[134]: At the beginningCao CaoAttacking Yecheng, Emperor Wen sawYuan XiHis wife, Zhongshan Zhen, was beautiful and pleased with her. Cao Cao married Emperor Wen and had a sonCao Rui。[16]When Emperor Wen ascended the throne, Anping Guo Guibin was favored, and Mrs. Zhen stayed in Yecheng, unable to see her. She was frustrated and complained.Guo Guibin was worshipped by Emperor Wen, who was furious.June Ding Mao sent an envoy to kill Mrs. Zhen.[30]Hu SanshengSaid: When Emperor Ming ascended the throne, Empress Dowager Guo died of fear.[31]However, Cao Rui was already seventeen years old when Zhen was granted the death in the second year of Huang Chu. Could he not know what happened to his mother when she died and wait for others to tell him?[32]《Wei Lue》《Han, Jin, Spring and Autumn》According to the records in, Guo Gui's concubines went into meditation at Cao Pi, which led to the death of Zhen, and Cao Rui forced to kill Empress Dowager Guo after taking the throne.He ZhuoHe also said that after her death, she still received the courtesy of her relatives, which contradicted each other, soChen ShouI don't take it for granted.But Chen Shou didn't considerMourning Empress Mao in the Ming DynastyAfter her death, her family was also promoted to the rank of nobility, and the clan members were promoted according to the etiquette and gave them official positions. Therefore, the minds of Cao's people are cruel and deceitful, and cannot be taken for granted.[33]Lu BiHe also commented that Emperor WenGeneral of Wuguan ZhonglangIn the 16th year of Jian'an, in the 9th year of Jian'an, the statement in Zizhi Tongjian was wrong because it continued《A New Account of the Tales of the World》Use of words.[34]
《Collection of Three Kingdoms Annals》According to the central theory, the death of Empress Zhen was due to Guo Guipin's devotion to Emperor Wen. In the Biography of Three Kingdoms · Empress Wen Zhao Zhen, it was said that "envoys were sent to die", so it was described as "death" rather than "collapse".The death of other empresses used "collapse". The Ming Dynasty mourned the death of Empress Mao and also used "death", so the records in Wei Shu are not credible.[35]In the history book, the cause of Zhen's death only said that "she was frustrated and complained", but with reference to the situation before and after, there are also several reasons as follows, just to prove it.[36]According to Shishuoxinyu, Cao Cao capturedYecheng, wanted to summon Zhen, but everyone around saidCao PiCao Cao said that Cao Pi would not be made prince for a long time, probably because of this. According to the Biography of Guo Hou, "Emperor Wen was determined to be heir, and later there was a plan". When Cao Pi later ascended the throne, he was angry with Zhen because of this[37], doting on Guo Guibin;In addition, the Ming Emperor died at the age of 36. It was not groundless to suspect that he was the bone and flesh left by the Yuan family. The Wen Emperor killed his mother and left his son to kill him.[38]It is worth pondering the dialogue between Emperor Wen and Cao Rui about the son and mother deer in the Biography of the End of Wei Dynasty, which is cited in the Three Kingdoms.[39-40]
In general, the truth of this secret event in the palace is hidden in many mysteries that are difficult to see through. At the beginning of the founding of the Wei Dynasty, there was no room for a woman. The events involved in this are really strange. History readers have to find out why.[41]
After death
The seventh year of the Yellow River (226 years)[125]）, Wei Ming, the son of ZhenCao RuiHe ascended the throne and revered Zhen as Empress Wenzhao.[42]
The official in charge of ritual music and sacrifice in the imperial court invited the emperor to sendSikongWang LangHold a knot tothe three sacrificesThe ceremony went to Zhen Hou's mausoleum to offer sacrifices and built a sleeping temple for her.[43]
The first year of Taihe (227[128]）In March, Cao Rui succeeded Zhen Yi, the father of Empress Zhen, with 1000 households in Ancheng Township, Weichang County, Zhongshan State, as his posthumous title: Honor of Ancheng Township, his grandsonScreen imageInherit the title of nobility.April[128]The Ming Emperor issued an order to build the Ancestor Temple in Luoyang. During the construction, a jade seal was dug out from the ground.This jade seal is one inch and nine points square, and it is engraved with six words: "The Son of Heaven is envious, thinking and loving".The Emperor of the Ming Dynasty was moved by the seal, so he prepared an animal sacrifice to the ancestral temple.Since then, Emperor Ming has dreamt of his mother many times, which increases his yearning for her.So they appointed the uncles according to the order of affinity and estrangement. The rewards accumulated to ten thousand liang, and then promoted Zhen asTiger Ben Zhonglang General。[44]
The fourth year of Taihe (230 years)[45]）April[45], Empress Zhen's mother respectfully awaits her wife Zhang's death,Too oftenHanjiShangzuo said: The Son of Heaven should not mourn for his grandmother.Shangshu said: "There was no etiquette for grandparents in the Han Dynasty."ShangshuZhao ZiWait Qizuo said, "To mourn the marquis, we need to put a curtain on the left side of the Duan Gate. The officials stand as if they were the emperor. The emperor wears a black betrothal hat and a crown of merit and cries fifteen times." The Ming Emperor issued several edicts to ask the ministers what the old ceremony was like,Free riding and regular attendantsAn unorthodox attackThe Eastern Han Dynasty and Xi DynastyEmpress Dowager DengHis father, Juno Shinano, andEmperor Guangwureigned as Guangwu DiMy uncle Gong HouFan HongTake for example.Emperor Ming agreed: "It should be based onZhou Rites。”So Emperor Ming dressed in mourning and attended his grandmother's funeral in person, accompanied by all civil and military officials.[45]In November of the same year, Emperor Ming felt that the terrain of his mother Zhen Hou's tomb was too low, so he appointed Zhen as a part-time workerTaiweiHe went to Yecheng with the emperor's staff and told the local gods.December[119]And buried Empress Zhen in Chaoyang Mausoleum.After Zhen Xiang completed his mission and returned to the DPRK, he was promoted toFree riding and regular attendants。[46]
QinglongTwo years (234 years[129]）In the spring, Emperor Ming issued an edict to pursue Empress Zhen's brotherZhen YanIt is Mu Hou in Ancheng and rural areas.Summer,SoochowWhen the army invaded Yangzhou, the Ming Emperor appointed Zhen asGeneral Fubo, holding banners to supervise his division for the expedition.After the war, Zhen was appointed againShooting sound Xiaowei。
The third year of Qinglong (235 years)[130]）, Zhen Xiang died[130], posthumousGeneral Wei, renamed Weichang County, with the posthumous title of Marquis Zhen of Weichang County.SonZhen ChangInherit his title.Also granted Zhen Chang's younger brotherZhen Wen, Zhen Wei and Zhen Yanfeudal lords。[47]
Beginning of sceneThe first year (237[131]）In the Xia Dynasty, the officials in charge of ritual and music sacrifices in the imperial court agreed on the order of the seven ancestral temples to worship the ancestors.In winter, they told the Ming Emperor that the emperor had built a sleeping temple for Empress Wenzhao, just as the Zhou people had builtGinger rhizomeThe temple is ordinary.However, the emperor did not explicitly issue an imperial edict to announce that the sleeping temple of Empress Wenzhao will always enjoy sacrifice and protection. In this way, if you talk about Queen Zhen's achievements and repaying her mother's kindness, the emperor will leave a regret in history.Future generations cannot fully appreciate your loyalty and filial piety!The officials asked the emperor for his permission. The sleeping temple of Empress Wenzhao should enjoy sacrifice from generation to generation, and enjoy the same treatment as the ancestral temple. The imperial court will issue a decree that will never be destroyed, so as to carry forward the legacy of Empress Wenzhao's sageliness and virtue. "The Ming Emperor fully agreed with this request, so he issued an imperial edict, announcing that the sleeping temple of Empress Wenzhao and the other seven ancestral temples enjoyed the same sacrificial rites, and engraved this provision on the gold tripod and hid it in the gold cabinet for future generations.[48]
Emperor Ming especially missed his uncle.Zhen Chang was still young at this time. At the end of the early King Dynasty (239), the Ming Emperor appointed himShooting sound Xiaowei, plusFree riding and regular attendantsHe also built a luxurious mansion for him.[49]On the day of its completion, Emperor Ming went to inspect it in person and ordered to build a temple for his mother Zhen in the back garden of the mansion. This alley was named Weiyangli to express his yearning for his mother.[50]"Weiyang" comes from《The Book of Songs·Qin Feng》: I sent my uncle to Weiyang.Why give it?Take bus yellow.I send my uncle a gift.Why give it?A jade pendant with a beautiful rose.Qin KanggongWhen he was the crown prince, he gave it as a giftPrince Wen of JinIn Weizhiyang, I miss my mother. When I see my uncle, I feel like my mother.
The first four years (244 years[132]）The first month of spring, emperorCao FangplusYuanfu, reward the officials.In April, Empress Zhen was set up to grant amnesty to the world.Empress Huaizhen is the granddaughter of Empress Wen Zhao's brother Zhen Yan.[51]
Wang Lang: Fu Wei successively gave way to the seclusion and showed his behavior without saying anything. He became a famous country and became the second wife of the Great Wei Dynasty.Although she has been here for many years, after ten thousand years, she will never lose her strength.The posthumous title of the case: 'Saint Wen Zhou Da said Zhao.Deming has made great contributions.Rong Yi respectfully said Zhao. 'The one who reveals is the most bright, and the one who is prosperous without obscurity.It is advisable to honor the posthumous title of Empress Wenzhao.[52]
A fish trap: Extraordinary color[15]；Years old without permission.[17]
Chen Shou: Although the family of Wei's empresses and concubines is rich and noble, there is no such thing as a weak Han who is not the basis of the family.It is beautiful to learn from the changing track.After observing Chen Qun's argument and the theory of "stack hidden", it is enough to consider the rules and regulations of a hundred kings, and the constitutional model is almost the last leaf.[52]
Zhang Xian: The white dew falls on the pond, and the lotus is wet in autumn.I can't bear to leave my life.[53]
Qu Dajun: At the age of nine, Xie holds Zhen Hou's pen, and at the age of thirteen, he can read Xie Gongshu.Yu Ying in her arms is very small, but Zhang Xuanmei is not as good as her.[54]
Fang Xuanling: Since Cao Liunei was the leader, he took the position of Sedeng, the family of Zhen and Wei, and Rong was not virtuous.[55]
Wang Shen: The later sages hold themselves in this way by courtesy.
《Six posts》After screening, his face is white and his tears hang down like jade chopsticks.
Zou Zhimo: Beautiful and elegant, who are you with misty gauze.But when I saw the gentle steps on the waves, my stockings became dusty.Hold the pearl Cuiyu in your hand, and open your lips to Zhitian and Hengguan.But he didn't spit out his words, his eyes turned to look forward, and he knew Luo Lingzhen secretly.The jade thread left on the pillow that day made King Chen and Geng Geng fascinated.Embroider Shenguang clutch, floating plain silk pattern.If you want to pick a phoenix and a colorful phoenix, you will embroider the phoenix and a tiger.[56]
Lu Bi: ① Sheng said that Empress Zhen was a filial friend in the room. The books cited by Pei Zhu also stated that Empress Zhen was wise and not jealous, but suddenly gave death with complaints, which was not consistent.The return of the general leader to the emperor was not justified in the first place, and it was not surprising that he was not ordered to end.The palace is a province of secrets. It is hidden and hard to see. At the beginning of the founding of the country, there was no room for a woman. The matter involved was strange, and history readers had to search for it.[41]
② Knowing that there are no virtuous women who don't learn, how can they learn without knowing the meaning of being consistent?
③ Duke Cao slaughtered Ye and ordered Zhen to be summoned. The white five sense Zhonglang was about to leave. Duke Cao said, "This year, the thief will become a slave.".Zi Huan could not be made prince for a long time, or so it was;At the time of the collapse of the Ming Emperor, Yuan Yin and Cao's descendants became suspicious and killed their mother and left their son to kill them.[37]
④ It is actually a Qubi that steals the title of Chengzuo. The history reader reverses the date, which proves that Lady Zhen died. Wei Ming could not be heir for a long time, so it is self-evident who Yuan Zhongjiu is.[38]
Dong Yining: Lihe Shenguang, someone gets Chen Sixiu.Drifting wind and falling snow are even more shocking, as if they were still heavy.The handlebar is carved with gold and pillows, and the pearl and Luochuan teach it personally.Ren Ren called Zuo, Mi Fei on the water, Zhen Hou in the palace.I remember that at the beginning, the new wife of the Yuan family was full of tears.This body belonged to the king long ago, and was not made by others.Worry to give up leeks.Should also be the same, burning dustpan weeps beans.I thought about it all before I got the mandarin needle.[57]
Yong Box Notes: Wei Zhiwen Zhaozhen, the Empress Zhen, secretly raised the orphan of the Yuan family, and was harmed by Zen. He was tired and married. His heart could be forgiven.
Mei Zhi: After drinking, I lean against the fence and cherish the red light. Bingsu lingers and does not fly.Zhen Hou of the Wei Palace sleeps in the daytime, as if someone is wearing jade clothes.This town has no different policies since ancient times. He Youqing is the one who suffers from family injuries.
Yang Shen: What is Zhen's name? A woman sent Cao's father and son to fight with each other like this?
Shi Menglan: ① Jade chopsticks with wet embroidered scarves are not like spring in the Forbidden City in Ye.She is affectionately tied up in a snake bun, and cherishes the god Luo given by King Chen.
② In order to commemorate the kindness of the relatives, the jade clothes still remember the good old times.The marquis attacked the lord of the plain, and Qi Lijia paid great attention to Weiyang.
kong rongRong and Taizu wrote, "King Wu conquered Zhou, and granted Duke Zhou with Daji."
Xiao Kuang: The jade chopsticks coagulate the cheeks and recall the Wei Palace, while Zhu Xian cleans the breeze.In the morning, I will pursue the reward and feel sad and silent. The smoke of Shazhu will disappear and the green feather will be empty.[58]
Pu Songling: It starts with Yuan, ends with Cao, and then pays attention to official business. Immortals should not be.
Cai Dongfan: He was unique to Zhen when he tried to adapt to Cao Pi again, but he refused to write a song. If he could praise him, he would praise him. If he could demote him, he would demote him;In ancient times, it was said that a woman would die from her husband's death, but she should still keep her integrity. Hu said that Yuan Xi was still alive, so the Zhen family changed her husband's identity?[59]To the extent that Cao Pi's wife was taken over by Cao Pi and his wife was taken over by Cao Cao, both of them were criminals of the famous religion, and they were demoted to the Zhen family. That's why they demoted Cao Pi.Who is human but a woman?However, those who forced them to change their life to Jiao were actually practicing Pi, which was unknown.
Pi's wife, the Zhen family, has a peerless appearance. She is extremely charming and beautiful. She tastes thousands of strands of green silk and wears them on her hair. She is called a snake chignon, which is very shiny.
Mu Xiu: The golden season wins the reward, and the luxuriant fragrance is broken in March.Envy the rain of Wu E and destroy the fragrance of Luo Yuan.Crying at Zhen Houyu, the soup of imperial concubines comes out of cold.It's very boring to hide. Who will break the bowels.[60]
Liu Yiqing: Zhen Houhui is colorful;The appearance is peerless.
Wen Tong: The quality is static and dependent, and the fragrance is warm and flying.Laugh out of the wind, cry to the rain.Jiang Lingge, Qiong Shu, Zhen Feimeng, Yu Yi.In the bright moon of the painting hall, I always cherish my beauty here.[61]
Anecdotes and allusions
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Wei's Spring and Autumn Period
Yuan ShaoAfter being defeated,Cao Cao's sonCao PiHe privately took Zhen as his wife,kong rongThe letter mocked Cao Cao and said:“King Wu attacked Zhou, willDajiGive it to Duke Zhou. "Cao Cao, knowing that Kong Rong was knowledgeable, thought it was an allusion that he had not read in the book. When he saw him later, he asked about it. Kong Rong replied, "From what we have seen, we will understand!"[62]
A New Account of the Tales of the World
Empress Wei Wenzhao Zhen was virtuous and beautiful. At first, she was the wife of Yuan Xi and was very popular.After Cao Gong attacked and entered Yecheng, he sent for the Zhen family to be summoned. People around him told him that Cao Pi had gone. Cao Cao said, "It is for her that he attacked Yecheng this year."[63]
Empress Zhen goes out to worship
When Cao Pi was the crown prince, he once invited all the literary rafters (official names) to feast, and the guests enjoyed themselves. Cao Pi ordered his wife, Zhen, to pay homage. The guests bowed their heads to the ground while sittingLiu ZhenInstead of bowing down, Cao Cao looked at Mrs. Zhen squarely. When Cao Cao heard about this, he punished Liu Zhen and subtracted his death warrant to work as a millstone.[64-65]There is also an allusion of "Empress Zhen goes out to worship, and Liu Zhen looks at him squarely".[66]
Snake bun
There is a green snake in the courtyard of the Wei Palace. It keeps spitting out red beads, as big as a wuzi, but it never hurts people. Every time you want to hurt the snake, it disappears.It was only when Zhen Zhen was dressing up every day that the snake appeared in front of her in a bun like shape. Zhen felt very strange, so she combed the bun following the shape of the snake. It was so ingenious that the style of the bun after Zhen was renovated every day. This kind of bun was calledSnake bunOther palace people followed suit one after another, but they were not able to identify the beauty of the queen.[67]
Yezhong Woman
Dou JiandeAn ancient tomb in Yecheng was excavated. There were no other objects in the tomb. After opening the coffin, there was a woman lying in it. She was as beautiful as a living person. She seemed to be in her twenties, and the clothes she wore were not of the real shape. Soon it seemed to smell. Dou Jiande put the woman into the army and woke up three days later,He said: "I am a palace man of Emperor Wen of Wei. I was in Yecheng with Empress Zhen, and was buried here after death. I should be reborn, but no relatives can appeal, so I stayed in the tomb all the time, not knowing the current date." He also said that the cause and effect of Empress Zhen's murder were clear.Dou Jiande loved her very much. Later, Dou Jiande was killed by Taizong, who wanted to accept her. She said, "My concubine has been confined in the yellow earth for three hundred years. If there is no Duke Dou, how can I see the light again? Now that he is dead, I can't live alone." So he died with hatred, which made Taizong sad.[68]
Mi Fei's Pillow
Tang dynastyLi ShanAnnotations《Phonology and Meaning of Han Dynasty》: Mi Fei, yesFuxi's daughter, drowned inLuoshuiChina became the god of Luoshui.《Selected Works of Zhaoming》Said: King A of Wei DongCao ZhiOnce asked to marry Zhen as a concubine, but Cao Cao promised her to Cao Pi.After Zhen was killed by slander, Cao Pi gave Cao Zhi her jade belt and gold carved pillow.Cao Zhi returned from Beijing by way of Luoshui. In his dream, Empress Zhen said to him, "I entrusted the king with my heart, but his heart failed. This pillow was my marriage when I was at home. I married the general (Cao Pi), the officer of the five senses, and now I am with the king." (In the sentence, "Mi Fei" is the god of Luo, which refers to Empress Zhen) After saying that, she disappeared, and sent someone to send a pearl. The king of East Afghanistan cannot win from grief and happiness.[69]Li ShangyinIn Untitled, I use this allusion to chant poetry: the east wind and rain are rustling, and there are light thunder outside the Lotus Pond.The golden toad gnaws at the lock and burns incense. The jade tiger pulls the silk and draws the well back.Jia Shi sees that Han Piao is few, and Mi Fei stays to pillow the King of Wei.Do not spend together in spring to fight for hair, an inch of Acacia an inch of ash.[70]
Pu lives in my pool, and how can its leaves leave.It is impossible for me to know that I can do benevolence and justice.
The mouths of the people melt the gold and make you leave.When Nian Jun went to me, he was always worried and sad.
If you want to see your color, you will feel sad.I often feel sad when I miss you. I can't sleep every night.
Don't give up your love to Su because of your great virtue?Don't make fish cheap and give up scallions and scallions?
Don't abandon Kan and Kuai by being humble?It is not difficult to go out, and it is not difficult to go in.
How sad the wind is on the edge of the land!From your majesty to your solo music, you can prolong your life for thousands of years.[71]
Zhen is the author of the poem "Up the Pond", which belongs to "Xiang He Ge Qing Diao Qu".He expressed the deep pain of being estranged from his husband because of slander with a resolute brush, and recalled the past happiness.Different from the sadness of other boudoir poems, the whole work reveals a rare feeling of self-esteem in the clouds《Broiled hub》It is also called "Hard Walk on the Pond" in the middle of the book. The comment at the end of the book "Follow the king and enjoy alone, and prolong the life" can be said to be wonderful[72]the Ming dynastyXu ZhenqingOn《Notes on Literature and Art》The poem said: "Poems can't be flawed. There is little difference between the two." This poem, "Going up the Pond", is a model of Yuefu poetry, which was originally compiled into the Southern Dynasty《Yutai Xinyong》, Tang《Gathering of arts and culture》Such poetry collections are inherited from later generations, and are recorded in contemporary works such as Dictionary of Poetry Appreciation of Chinese Talented Women in Past Dynasties, and Complete Biography of Chinese Empresses.
He is a dutiful and honest man, a general, and a leader of Qu Liang.Muhou in Feng'an city and countryside.His wife, Liu, was granted the title of Dongxiang Jun.In the fourth year of Taihe, Wei Changhou was renamed
This isEmpress of the Ming DynastyThe younger brother Cong, who inherited the Zhen surname, was granted the title of Marquis of Pingyuan and succeeded the princess.AdoptionZhen HuangIs after.Zhen De successively marriedHorse Master，Sima ZhaoThe female (i.e. Princess Jingzhao) is the wife.WeiXianxiFirst termZhenjun General, was granted the title of Guang'an County.After being promotedSpecial advance, SuccessiveZong Zheng、Waiter、Dahong LuAfter his death, he gave a posthumous title to Gong Gong, a senior general of the Chinese army.[73]
other
Zhen (Princess Deng Ai)
The deceased woman of Empress Zhen's family was recruited by Cao Cao asCao ChongWife, buried together.[19][74]
Remarks:（feudal lordsHe is the highest rank of non clan officials with different surname, and all of them arehigh government postsIt has a food town and can claim 30 mu of land.[75]）
Zhen, the Empress of Wenzhao, is legendary, beautiful and knowledgeable in history books.During the Three Kingdoms period, there were Zhen in the north and Zhen in the southEr Qiao, it can be seen that three people areThree KingdomsThe status in people's hearts.The fourth year of Taihe (230 years)[119]）In November, his son, Emperor MingCao RuiPai Zhen's nephewScreen imageHe went to Zhen's tomb to "announce to the posterity". In December, he moved and buried Chaoyang Mausoleum. After digging the ground, he got a jade seal engraved with "The Son of Heaven is envious and kind to his relatives".In addition, there is Wenzhao Temple in Yecheng to worship the Zhen family.[76]
The historical materials also recorded a strange tomb robbing event about Chaoyang Mausoleum.This story is recorded in the Divine Mystery Record, which tells about the general of the uprising army at the end of the Sui DynastyDou JiandeA strange event happened when robbing a tomb.Great causeIn the seventh year, Emperor Yang enlisted troops for crusadeGoguryeo Dou Jiande refused to march eastward, so he led the villagers to start an uprising.This is《New Tang Dynasty Book》As mentioned in, "hundreds of dead soldiers and people's proletarians are recruited, so that Anzu leads them to steal high chickens." After Dou Jiande's uprising, in order to maintain the daily expenses of the Rebel Army, he imitated Cao Cao's tomb robbing and treasure digging without financial aid and food.I don't know whether it was fate or coincidence, but I stole the palace maid tomb of Cao Cao's son, Empress Cao Pizhen, Emperor Wen of Wei.When the coffin was opened, a lifelike young woman was found inside. The clothes and funerary objects she wore showed that she was not a modern woman.Strangely, Dou Jiande took her back to the army to recuperate, and she could talk three days later. She claimed to be the maid of Empress Cao Pi, and she was able to ask questions about Empress Zhen when she was alive. Dou Jiande took over as a concubine and loved her very much.laterLi ShiminAfter hearing about this, I want to take her as the imperial concubine.She refused to comply, saying that Dou Jiande saved her life, and that she was born today. The grace of regeneration cannot be forgotten.Later, Li Shimin died of unhappiness and hatred. After hearing that, Li Shimin felt sorry for her.
Tang Dynasty《A synopsis·According to the prefecture code, Ye County, there are three mausoleum terraces built in the city of Ye, namely, Emperor Wei Wu, Emperor Wei Wen, and Wen Zhao Zhen Hou.Northern Wei Dynasty，BeiqiYecheng is the capital of the country.The History of Jin said:“ShillerAfter discussing with the generals, we want to attack Yecheng and occupy it as the national capital,Zhang BinThe saying goes: 'Santai is dangerous and solid. I'm afraid it's not easy to attack.'So Shile entered Xiangguo. "[77]
According to《Linzhang County Annals》Commentary cited Li Xu,Zhezong of Northern Song DynastyShaoshengIn, when farmers near Yecheng were plowing, they found a cultural relic inscribed with the words "Empress Wenzhao knows how to sit on the board".The printed letter is a wooden box used to hold poems or letters in ancient times. This printed letter should be a burial object that Cao Rui respected his mother and was placed in the mausoleum temple when he was reburied.In the late Qing Dynasty, the prefect of JiaxingLin HengWhen his father was an official, he went through Linzhang and asked someone to copy the eight official characters on the cover of the letter, which was handed down to the world.[78]
Tomb of Consort Zhen
Tomb of Consort Zhen
existingTomb of Consort ZhenLocated at the border of Henan and HebeiLingzhi VillageGo along Pingyuan Road from Anyang, turn west to Ling'an Road at Liusi, and pass through Xindianji, where the government of Baizhuang Town, Anyang County is located, which is Lingzhi Village, where Princess Zhen's tomb is located.The original seal soil of Empress Zhen's tomb is very largeGreat Leap ForwardWhen the land was leveled, the villagers took earth, which led to the continuous reduction of the area and height of the sealed earth, and finally formed the current shape. The sealed earth was only more than two meters high. The tomb should be a dome roof brick chamber. Now there are many broken bricks scattered around the tomb. The tomb was excavated in 2009.There is one underground hole leading to the tomb on the residual sealing soil, but the hole was buried and blocked less than half a meter deep.After the earth pit was closed, there were houses built in the Qing Dynasty, which were used by local people to pay homage to Princess ZhenXu ZuoshengMr. Zhen visited Princess Zhen's tomb 20 years ago and found that the wormwood in front of the tomb was taller than a person. The surrounding tiles and stone pillar foundations were all over the place. Most of the sealing soil on the tomb had been cut off, revealing a big hole. The inside bricks were crisscrossed, and the bricks were covered with moss.
But now the situation is quite different.According to Qianlong edition《Annals of Zhangde Mansion》It is recorded that Emperor Wei Wu's Mausoleum and Empress Zhen's Chaoyang Mausoleum are in the same Lingzhi Village. Therefore, with theCao Cao GaolingIt was found that Chaoyang Mausoleum has become a little famous place of interest in the local area, and the villagers of Lingzhi Village have repaired and rectified the gatehouse for it.
Recently, however, some scholars believe that the tomb of Consort Zhen in Lingzhi Village is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Zhanghe River. The groundwater level is high, and it is easy to be eroded by flood disasters. It should be "in November of four years, when the old mausoleum is under the water, the envoy and the captain will become famous in the city, and will tell the people behind.".The exact location of Chaoyang Mausoleum needs further archaeological excavation to be conclusive.
Related disputes
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In many Japanese games such as《Dynasty Warriors》The Li Zhen family usually appears under the name of "Zhen 姫姫姫姫姫姫姫姫姫姫姫姫姫姫姫姫姫姫姫姫姫, 姫姫姫姫姫姫姫姫姫姫.Influenced by such games, many people also began to misname Zhen as Zhen Ji.
However, this usage is inappropriate in Chinese.《Redords of the Grand History of China·The Qi Family explains Ji as follows."The general name of all concubines (the emperor). This name is not correct." Ji Duo refers to humble concubines without official status, such as Cao Pi, Xu Ji, Su Ji, etc. This obviously does not apply to the Zhen family.From the historical records, the Zhen family should be called Queen Zhen, Madam Zhen, Zhen family, etc. It is a real fallacy to call the Zhen family Zhen Ji.
Artistic image
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Novel image
In the novel《Romance of the Three Kingdoms》In China, Zhen's life is roughly the same as the official history.At the early stage, he married Yuan Xi, the second son of Yuan Shao. Yuan Xi led troops to go out to fight, leaving the Zhen family alone to take care of his mother-in-law. After the defeat of the Yuan family, Cao Pi, the son of Cao Cao, saw that she was beautiful and attractive, and accepted her as his own.[79]Huang ChuDuring the reign of Emperor Wei Wen and Cao Pi, the Imperial Concubine Guo framed the Zhen family with witchcraft.Emperor Cao Pi was so angry that he killed Zhen.[80]
In the mystery novel《Strange Tales from a Liaozhai》Medium, with《Screening》Chapter, Zhen was admitted to the Immortal Kingdom after his death. He accidentally committed a crime and then went down to earth to repay himLiu ZhenLiu Zhongkan, the successor of.Liu Zhen was punished for her.After the Zhen family left, Liu Zhongkan missed the beauty and became ill, so the Zhen family sent his concubine of Tongque Terrace to marry him.[81]
On《Legend of Tang Dynasty》In the chapter of "Xiao Kuang", the hermit Xiao Kuang met the Zhen family near the Luoshui River. The Zhen family said that he was killed by Emperor Wei Wen because he admired Chen Si and Wang's talent.Xiao Kuang played piano music with Empress Zhen. Empress Zhen gave him Mingzhu and Cuiyu before she left, but they disappeared later.[82]
Legend of the Tang Dynasty
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Poetic image
Xiao Kuang's Jade Chopsticks Curl the Mouth and Recall the Wei Palace[58]
Mei ZhiHe Wang Yixin's Song of Ruilian in the East Lake of Fanxian County[83]
