Follow in early yearsLi Mi, attendWagang UprisingAfter the defeat of the Wagang Army,Qin Shubao、Cheng ZhijieWhen the general was desperate, he was forced to surrender toWang Shichong。Dissatisfied with Wang Shichong's deceit, he waited for an opportunity to leave Wang Shichong.
WudeTwo years,Wang ShichongHe led his troops to invade Hezhou in the Tang Dynasty (governing Xin'an, now Henan), and fought with the Tang army atJiuqu(Now in the northwest of Yiyang, Henan).Niu Jinda andCheng Zhijie, Qin ShubaoWu HeitaThe capital led troops to the battle, led dozens of trusted people to ride a hundred steps westward, then dismounted and saluted Wang Shichong, saying, "Duke He received him and was eager to repay his kindnessGuess TwoThere are many fans nearby, which is not the place where I was entrusted by my servant.Then he defected to Tang Jun.Wang Shichong was afraid to pursue.After Niu Jinda came down from the Tang Dynasty, he andCheng Zhijie、Qin ShubaoThey stayed in Lord Qin's Residence together and became generals of TianceLi ShiminYour confidant.The Old Book of the Tang Dynasty, Biography of Qin Shubao[1]
In the seventh year of Zhenguan period (633 years), Niu Jinda took the post of Hanjiang MansionUnifying the army, at that timeJiazhou(Present SichuanLeshan）The Liao people in Lingzhou (now Renshou County, Sichuan Province) raised their troops to revolt, and Niu Jinda led the soldiers of the Yangjiang government stationed here to defeat them and pacify the rebellion.[2]
Breaking Tubo
In the eighth year of Zhenguan period (634 years), Tibetan ZanpuSongzan GanbuIt is said that Turks and Tuyuhun both married Tang Dynasty princesses and sent envoys with Tang DynastyFeng DeyaEntering the court, bringing more gold treasures, presenting a proposal, Emperor Taizong of the Tang DynastyLi ShiminNot allowed.Messenger Reward SystemTuyuhunCaused by Wang's estrangement.Zapp is furious and sends troops to defeatTuyuhun, Dangxiang, Bailan, Zhuqiang.In August of the 12th year of Zhenguan Period (638), the Tubo garrison in the Tang DynastySongzhouEzekies sent envoys to pay tribute to gold and silk, claiming to marry the princess.DuduHan WeiLead a few light cavalry to scout and be defeated.Official Department of Emperor Taizong of the Tang DynastyHou JunjiIn order to be the chief commander of the Midao march, lead the general on the rightLoss of thinkingHe is the commander in chief of the Bai Lan Dao march, and Niu Jinda, the general of Zuowuwei, is the commander in chief of the Kuo Shui Dao march, and the general of the right leaderLew-lan byTaohe RiverThe general manager of Daoxing Army led 50000 cavalry troops to attack.On the sixth day of September, Niu Jinda led the vanguard of the Tang army to the foot of Songzhou City, attacked the Tibetan military camp at night, and brought back more than 1000 heads.Tibetan Zanpu was afraid and led the army to withdrawTuyuhun、Tangut 、White orchidQiang sent envoys to apologize.[3]
In the 14th year of Zhenguan Period (640), TuboSongzan GanbuSend a minister of stateLudongzanOffer five thousand taels of gold and hundreds of treasures to ask for marriage.
In the first month of the 15th year of Zhenguan period (641), Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty agreed to send the daughter of the imperial familyPrincess Wencheng Marry Songzangambu.Zanpu was very happy and did his son-in-law's best.[3]
In this battle, Niu Jinda showed his excellent military ability. He could judge the situation and attack the Tibetan camp at night to attack the enemy unprepared, and finally won the victory;andTuboThe army was defeated because of its military strength and lax defense.The significance of this war is also that it was the first large-scale confrontation between the Tang Dynasty and Tubo in the nearly three hundred years of war. The victory of the Tang army made Tubo dare not offend the Tang border again.
In the 15th year of Zhenguan period (641), the Tang DynastyPrincess Wencheng To marrySongzan GanbuThe relationship between Tang and Tibet was very harmonious over the next 30 years, and Niu Jinda contributed a lot.[3]
Attack Gaochang
In the fourth year of Zhenguan period (630 years),Gaochang(Former site of Gaochang, southeast of Turpan, Xinjiang) KingJu WentaiGo to Chang'an for an audience in personTang Taizong, ContributionSquare object。Qu WentaiAttachmentWest TurkicThey prevented the western countries from paying tribute to the Tang Dynasty through their territory, and attacked the attached countries such as Yiwu (now Hami, Xinjiang) and Yanqi (now Duyuanqu, southwest of Yanqi, Xinjiang).As Gaochang was located in the traffic artery between the Tang Dynasty and the Western Regions, and its geographical location was important, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty was determined to remove this barrier.
In 639 (the 13th year of Zhenguan Period), Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty recruited Qu Wentai to enter the imperial court. Qu Wentai said that he was not ill.On the fourth day of December, the imperial edict of Emperor Taizong of the Tang DynastyHou JunjiServe as the general in charge of Jiaohe Road and the general of Zuo TunweiXue WanjunDeputy general manager,Qibi He LiDeputy chief manager of Congshan Road, Niu Jinda (thenGeneral Wu Wei）As the general in charge of the march, he rode tens of thousands of horses with the above-mentioned generals and the people of Turks and QibiGaochang。Wentai thought that the Tang Dynasty was 7000 miles away from Gaochang, the sand moraine was about 2000 miles wide, the land was free of water and grass, and the climate was abnormal, so the Tang Dynasty would notSoldiersAdd.And Tang JunQibi He LiLed to arriveMoraine mouthWhen,Qu WentaiWhen he died of fear, his son Ju Zhisheng ascended the throne.
In August of the 14th year of Zhenguan (640), Tang troops captured Tiandicheng (now XinjiangShanshansouthwestLukeqin）More than 7000 men and women were captured and immediately headed to Gaochangcheng.When Qu Zhisheng saw that the situation was over, he was forced to leave the city on the eighth day of the lunar calendar to surrender.In this battle, Tang opened the way to the western countries, promoted the connection with the western countries, and also played a role in containmentWest TurkicRole of.The New Book of Tang · Biography of Gaochang recorded Niu Jinda's accompanying the army. Although there was no detailed record in the battle, it could not erase his achievements.[4]
From Korea
In the 19th year of Zhenguan period (645),Tang TaizongLead a large army to conquerGoguryeo Niu Jinda also marched with the army.On June 20, Tang Junjin arrivedAnshi City(Today LiaoningHaichengThe southeast camp of the city).Kao Yanshou and Kao Huizhen led 150000 people at Nuosa (equivalent to the governor of the Tang Dynasty) in the north of KoguryoGoguryeo 、MoheSoldiers and horses came to rescue.
Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty lured the Koguryo reinforcements to the east and south of Anshi City, 8 miles away from the mountains.Order the Grand GeneralLi JiRate: 15000CavalrystayXilingArranging,Zhangsun Wuji He led 11000 elite soldiers such as Niu Jinda to attack the Koguryo military array from the north of the mountain through the canyon.Tang Taizong personally led 4000 cavalrylower one 's banners and muffle one 's drums, climbed the Beishan Mountain, and ordered all the troops to attack together with the drum horn as the signal.Gao Yanshou and others gathered their troops to prepare for the battle when they saw Li Ji.Who is responsible for raidingZhangsun Wuji Niu Jinda Department took the lead withGoguryeo The army is fighting,Tang TaizongSeeing the dust and smoke rising suddenly at the height, he ordered to beat drums and raise flags, and all the soldiers and horses of the Tang army marched forward at once.Gao Yanshou panicked and wanted to divide his troops to fight, but the formation of the Koguryo army has been destroyed and the soldiers have fled in all directions, and more than 20000 people have been killed.With a high life extension rate, the rest of the people stayed close to the mountain. The Tang army besieged on all sides. Niu Jinda and Chang Sun Wuji removed all the bridges to cut their way back.Gao Yanshou was desperate, so he led 36800 soldiers to surrender on the 23rd.Goguryeo The whole country was shocked.Since then, as it was nearly late autumn, the early cold in Liaodong, the grass dried up and the water froze, and the military supplies were running out, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty ordered his troops to return to court on September 18.[5]
In May of the 20th year of Zhenguan (646), King KoguryoGaozangandMoli branchGesuSend envoys to apologize, but they still haven't sincerely submitted and continue to harassSilla。On October 14, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty refused to accept the tribute from Koguryo and prepared to reclaim Koguryo again.In view of the long attack last timeAnshi City(Today's Haicheng, Liaoning Province, southeast of Yingchengzi),Tang TaizongAccept the advice of the courtiers, send some local teachers into Koguryo, harass its border in turn, make its people exhausted and delay the farming season, and Koguryo will collapse due to food shortage in a few years.[5]
In March of the 21st year of Zhenguan era (647), Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty ordered Niu Jinda to be the chief commander of the army on Qingqiu Road, and Li Hai'an, the general of Youwu Marquis, to be the deputy commander. He led more than ten thousand soldiers fromLaizhou(Governing Ye County, now Shandong Province) crossed the sea to enterGoguryeo Domestic;At the same timeLi JiHe is the general in charge of Liaodong Road, and Sun Erlang, the general of Youwuwei, is the deputy general in charge. He leads 3000 soldiers to join with the governor of Yingzhou and the soldiers from Xincheng Road to enter Koguryo.The Tang army marched on land and water, harassing Koguryo.In May, Li Ji led his department across Liaoshui (i.eLiaohe River）, defeatGoguryeo , burn the city and return to the teacher.In July, Niu Jinda and Li Hai'an led their troops across the sea into Koguryo. Niu Jinda led the Tang army to fight with the Koguryo army. Because of the correct command, they were invincible in more than 100 battles.
In October of the same year, the Tang army captured the Shicheng (now northwest of Zhuanghe, Liaoning) and entered Jili City (now Fuxian County, Liaoning). More than 10000 Koguryo soldiers went out of the city to fight. Niu Jinda sent Li Hai'an, the deputy director, to defeat them and beheaded them by more than 2000 ranks.In December, Koguryo King sent ministersMoli branchGao Renwu apologized in the Tang Dynasty.It created a typical successful battle against Koguryo in the history of the Sui and Tang dynasties.[5-6]
Post death mourning and glory
Niu Jinda paid homage to the Zuowuwei Grand General and Langya County Duke (according to Tang Huiyao).
YonghuiIn the second year, Niu Jinda died and gave a posthumous giftGeneral Zuo Xiaowei, YouzhouDudu, posthumously titled Zhuang, and was buried in Zhaoling.
The epitaph of the great general of Zuowuwei in Tang Dynasty[2]
You should avoid showing, and the words should be advanced firstLongxiPeople moved because of officials, and now they are Lei Ze people in Puyang.Zhu Xuanyu's calendar can refresh the qi in the golden square;Huang Yu starts his journey, and the wind blows in the fishing pool.Yes, the above place is a Confucian, and cattle lack soundthe Seven PowersGeneration;Chen CangBe observant,NiuhanIt is praised in three times.Since Zijue, the crown has been more than Shao, the detailed order of Xuan, and the elevator has been edited.Zuding, WeiHanzhouAssassinUpper PillarsYuanping County Duke.De was preached, Ronggao Ju soil.Zushuang, QiZhendong GeneralHuaibei Prefecture.Jilong resists aggression and becomes a successful politician.Father Han,Qing ZhangOrder.When the pheasant tames its young, the night fishing is heavy.
Taizongpass away, will worshipmausoleum。GuardThe Xian CommitteeVentral center。Then, integrity is often violated, and the sigh of separation is not stopped;A brilliant glance and sudden hearingMorning dewSong of.withYonghuiOn the 16th day of the first month of the second year, Hong Yu died in YongzhouWannian CountyThe private place in Xuanyang is seven in the fifties of the Spring and Autumn Period.alas.慭 legacyI have heard the sorrowCelestial pole；The pain of ignorance is tied up in peaches and plums.Falling downLungao, GiftGeneral Zuo Xiaowei、To hold a knot, Governor Youyigui Tanping, all the military forces of six Yanzhou statesYouzhouGovernor;Three hundred sections of silk cloth;Still onZhaolingGive tomb land, and give East Garden secret tools;It is necessary for burial and ordered to be given by the official;Five grades and one person for supervision;The guard of honor was sent to the tomb.The posthumous title was Zhuang Gong, who followed the rites.
However, you have more than the world's capacity to bear the wealth of leisure.It is the purpose of seeking benevolence to play favoritism, and to be known as a relative.Choose a wooden clock and a yearlofty ambition；The policy is famous in the day and smoothfierce fightersIt can.As for Jiazhong, Gao Benrong is brave;Shoot down the mountain,General WeiIts agility.So he got the merit publicityEmperor Zai, King Qiyexing.branchA DiYu Xuanping, ShuCurved platformOn the road.Brother clockIf you are in the line, you will drive away the four rivers.DespicableGuard（Cheng doesn't know）Whisper, lightSpinous hilum（Lvbu）It's a joke.Ruyin MarquisGreat Xia is the most important person;Guan ChangshengHe who is close to you, sits long.Fixed alreadyScrimpyKoja, Fan Li（Fan KuaiLi Shang).Reading the water, the horse passed away.
Niu Jinda's epitaph was unearthed in 1976 in the tomb group of Zhaoling in Liquan County, Shaanxi Province, and its deeds are recorded in detail. Please refer to pages 20 and 122 of Zhaoling Epitaph published by Sanqin Publishing House.
