A strait is a narrow waterway connecting two seas or oceans between two continents[4]。It is not only an important road of maritime traffic and a shipping hub, but also a place of strategic importance. It is called the "throat" of maritime traffic.The strait is passed by sea waterIsthmusThe cracks formed by long-term erosion, or the sea water submerging the sunken land depression.Generally, the water is deep, the flow is rapid and there are many eddies.
The water temperature, salinity, water color, transparency and other hydrological factors in the strait vary greatly in vertical and horizontal directions.The bottom material is mostly hardrockorGravelThere are few fine sediments.
The strait is usually located in twomainlandOr between the mainland and adjacent coastal islands and between islands.Some of them communicate with each other (such asTaiwan StraitCommunication between the East China Sea and the South China Sea), and some communication between the two oceans (such asMagellan StraitConnect the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean), and some connect the sea and the ocean (such asStrait of Gibraltarcommunicatemediterranean seaAndAtlantic）。There are thousands of straits in the world, including about 50 famous ones.
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internal strait
Located within the baseline of territorial seaInternal waterThe navigation system shall be formulated by the coastal state itself, such asChinaOfQiongzhou Strait。
territorial strait
If the width is within the width of the territorial sea on both sides, foreign countries are usually alloweda shipenjoyInnocent passage。If both sides of the Taiwan Strait belong to two countries, their boundary lines usually pass through the central channel of the Taiwan Strait, and their navigation system shall be decided by the coastal countries through consultation;Applicable if it is an internationally navigable straittransit passage system。
Non territorial strait
The width is greater than the width of the territorial sea on both sidesa shipFree passage.
The longest strait in the world is located inMadagascarIslands andAfricamainlandBetween the South and North Indian OceansMozambiqueThe Strait is 1670 kilometers long.
The widest strait is located in Tierra del Fuego andAntarctic PeninsulaCommunication between the South Pacific and the SouthAtlanticDrake Strait, the narrowest part of which is 900 kilometers wide.
The deepest channel is also Drake Channel, with a maximum depth of 5840 meters.
There are three main straits in China: communicationThe East China SeaAnd NanhaiTaiwan StraitWith a total length of 380km;The Bohai Strait, which connects the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea, is 115 kilometers long;Qiongzhou Strait, which connects the South China Sea and Beibu Gulf, is 70 kilometers long.[1]
