Water sports refers to all kinds of sports competitions and activities that are carried out under water, on water or on water in the whole process or main process.Water sports includeRowing，Sailboard、Surfing、canoeingEtc.
RowingIt is a rowing sport in which one or several oarsmen sitting on the boat use their muscle strength to paddle with oars and oars as levers to make the small boat go forward with its back to the oarsmen.Rowing is mostly carried out in rivers, lakes and other natural waters.
The origin of rowing is believed to be the simple rowing race in Europe in the 18th century, while the formal race was held in 1829 between Oxford University andUniversity of CambridgeThe inter school rowing competition between the two schools began.This traditional boat race is held every year in the naturalthe ThamesIt has been held for nearly 170 years.
There are 24 men's and women's world rowing championships, 14 men's and women's world youth rowing championships, and 14 men's and women's Olympic rowing competitions.
Project Settings
Rowing competition is a sports competition consisting of one or more events.The types of boats with or without helmsman are divided into:
Single scull (1 ×, Single scull) Double scull (2 ×, Double scull)
No helmsman (2 -, pair)
Four person single oars with helmsman (4+, coxed four) Eight person single oars with helmsman (8+, eight)
According to the gender of athletes, there are men and women, and according to the weight of athletes, there are open class and lightweight.
The distance of rowing is 2000 meters.
Sailboard
Project Settings
Men: 200m, 500m, 1000m, 2000m: single kayak, double kayak, four kayak
Single rowing, double rowing, four rowing
Women: 200m, 500m, 1000m, 2000m: single kayak, double kayak, four kayak
1906, InternationalSailingThe Federation (ISAF) was established and is one of the largest single sports federations in the world.In 1981, China Yachting Association (CYA) was established.
ISAF's modern competitive sailing sport appeared in Europe in the early 17th century, and windsurfing originated in the United States in the 1960s;In 1896, sailing was listed as the official event of the first modern Olympic Games;In 1984, windsurfing was included in the Olympic sailing events for the first time.
China's modern sailing sport began in 1978, and China's first windsurfing was born in Qingdao Navigation School in 1979;Sailing is mainly carried out in coastal provinces, but there are also a few provinces and cities along the Great Lakes.
Surfing
Water skiing is a breathtaking and beautiful water sport, known as "water ballet".The water skier, under the traction of the high-speed boat, pedals the water sled, jumps, turns, spans, turns, and spins in one go, like a dragon playing in the water, which is pleasing to the eyes and fascinating.
Water skiing includes: water prying whirl, figure, jump, stunt, speed racing, foot skating, water skiing performance, etc.
Project settings:
men and womenCodaBoard, figure skating for men and women, male and female roundabouts, male and female jumps, performance events and mass participation.
Fin swimming
Web swimming is one of the diving sports.Webbed swimming was born in the 1960s and developed on the basis of modern diving.At the end of 1986, the National Sports Commission made a decision to change the name of the swimming pool speed diving competition carried out in China to "fin swimming competition" in order to meet the needs of future activities and international competitions. It is generally divided into surface fin swimming, underwater breath holding swimming and underwater diving with air breathing apparatus. There are 21 competitions.
Web swimming is a unique sport. It is not only novel and fast, but also different from swimming in sports form, technical characteristics, physiological load and energy consumption.
The fin swimming began to be popular in European countries. In the late 1970s, more and more countries started this project. By 1982, it had developed to 34 countries. So far, it has held 10 European championships and 3 world championships, and has been included in the official competition items of the World Games.
Project Settings
Men's and women's fin swimming:
50m web swimming, 100m web swimming, 200m web swimming, 400m web swimming, 800m web swimming, 1500m web swimming, 100m instrumental swimming, 400m instrumental swimming, 800m instrumental swimming, 50m breath holding diving, 4 × 100m relay, 4 × 200m relay.Open water web swimming:
Male and female 3km, male and female 6km relay races (4 people).
canoeing
Canoeing is usedPropeller without fulcrumA sports event that pushes various types of boats forward according to certain rules.
Kayak is divided into kayak and rowboat. Kayak is rowing with double blade oars when athletes sit in the boat facing the forward direction;Rowing is when athletes kneel in the boat facing the direction of advance and row with a single blade paddle.
Kayaks are divided into still water kayaks and whitewater kayaksFat boatAnd rubber boats.Canoeing is an official Olympic event, with 12 gold medals in the Olympic Games.
Kayak originated fromGreenland, a small fishing boat made of animal skins by Eskimos;Rowing originated in Canada, so it is also called "Canadian boat".Canoes are also called "canoes" in some Asian countries and regions.Modern canoeing was born in 1865, and MacGregor, a Scot, took canoes as the blueprint to build the first canoe "Nob Noy".
China joined the International Canoeing Federation (ICF) in 1974. Canoeing has a history of 50 years in China.
Specific projects
The specific items are as follows: men's 12 still water events: 500m single kayak, 500m double kayak, 1000m single kayak, 1000m double kayak, 1000m four person kayak;500m single rowing, 500m double rowing, 1000m single rowing and 1000m double rowing;Fast current turning events: single kayak, single canoe, double canoe;Women's four still water events: 500m single kayak, 500m double kayak, 500m four person kayak fast current turning event: single kayak
motorboat
Sailing: male and female 470, male and female 420, femalelaser radial , women's European level, men's laser level
Sailboard: male and female NP level, male and female Mie board level, female flip board level, male and female open level.
Project introduction:
The motorboat project is a high-tech competitive sports project with modern civilization characteristics, which integrates competitiveness, appreciation and stimulation.The competition is spectacular, intense, exciting and soul stirring, which is loved by the audience.
The competition form of motorboat is the ring race in a closed field. The main technical keys are: sailing, accelerationWrap around the label, surpassing and sprinting, etc.During the competition, the motor roared, the spray splashed, the climax was repeated and exciting.
Motor boat sports include: racing boat (boat), sports boat (boat), yacht (boat), motorboatWater motor, air cushion (boat) boat, jet (boat) boat, electric (boat) boat and other sports.
Project settings:
1、 Group A OSY-400 (400ml) male and female adult (youth) ring race
2、 Group B OA (250ml), OB (350ml) ring race
3、 Water motorcycle: men's and women's vertical (seat) race, men's and women's vertical (seat) obstacle race, freestyle figure race
Historical development
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international
At the beginning of the 20th century, there were more and more international sports games, and the emergence of the Olympic Games made this trend reach its peak.It was during this period that the International Swimming Federation (FINA for short) was founded in 1908.In 1896, the first modern Olympic Games set up three swimming events.However, there were no uniform competition rules and standards for swimming competitions at that time.In order to effectively cope with this situation, the International Swimming Federation (FINA for short) was officially established in 1908.
Before the establishment of the International Swimming Federation, the Olympic swimming competitions included some unconventional events, such as the diving in the 1900 Olympic Games, the 200m obstacle swimming, and the water long jump in the 1904 Olympic Games.The Olympic swimming competition is also diverse: the 1896 Olympic swimming competition was held in the sea, the 1900 Olympic swimming competition was held in the Seine River, and the 1904 Olympic swimming competition was held in the United StatesSt. Louis In a small lake.untilLondon Olympic GamesThe 100m swimming pool has only been used.
In order to unify the swimming competition rules and establish an exchange place for the international swimming world, during the fourth Olympic Games, GermanyBelgiumThe leaders of 8 countries, including Denmark, Finland, France, Britain, Hungary and SwedenManchesterThe hotel held a meeting and decided to establish a worldwide swimming association.The primary goal of this association is very clear: standardize and unify the rules of swimming, diving and water polo competitions;Review, confirm and update world records;To guide Olympic swimming, diving and water polo competitions.
In the past 40 years, swimming has made a series of outstanding achievements, launching the World Swimming Championships (1973), the World Cup (1979), the World Short Pool Swimming Championships (1993), and the Diving Series Grand Prix (1994). Synchronized swimming became an official Olympic event (1984).At the same time, the application of high-tech equipment in swimming competitions, especially in electronic timing equipment, has made great progress.The swimming events have expanded rapidly, and a variety of new events have emerged, such as Masters and Open Waters.
Aquatic Sports
All or main processes are various forms of sports competitions and activities carried out under water, on water or on water.It is named according to the sports environment in order to distinguish it from land and air sports.Water sports can be divided into water sports, boat sports, water skiing and diving.Water sports include swimming, diving, water polo and synchronized swimming.Boat sports includebeating, rowing, canoeingWindsurfingMotor boat sports.Water skiing includes water skiing, water skiing and surfing.Diving is a competition and sports activity that athletes carry out underwater with the help of light diving equipment (such as breathing tubes, respirators, fins).Diving in the swimming pool includes speed diving, underwater footballUnderwater hockeyEtc;Long distance web swimming, underwater orientation, underwater hunting, underwater photography, etc. are carried out in natural waters.In order to pursue new exciting and adventurous sports, people transplant many land sports to the water to create new underwater and underwater sports.
China
Water projectsIt is a gold medal event in the Olympic Games, but China's water sports started late, until the 2004 Athens Olympic Games,Meng GuanliangYang Wenjun won the 500m gold medal in men's synchronized rowing, which was a breakthrough in the Olympic gold medal for China's water sports.
In order to promote the development of water sports in China,State Administration of SportsThe "122" project focused on breaking through the three major events of track and field, swimming and water sports;All regions are also contributing to the development of water projects.Shandong, located on the coast of the Yellow Sea, is only 100 kilometers away from QingdaoRizhao CityWith its uniqueWater resourcesSince the end of the 20th centuryUrban development strategyFrom the height of“City of Water Sports”, a new event -“China Water Games”(Water Games for short) was also born here.
The Water Games is hosted by the General Administration of Sport of China, the People's Government of Shandong Province, and hosted by Rizhao CityUrban GamesAnother national comprehensive sports event created after the Universiade.
"Grand Reunion" between Olympic and non Olympic sports
Water sports meeting, including rowing, canoeing (still water, rapids)SailingThere are also motorboat, water skiing, fin swimmingDragon BoatSuch non Olympic events are an absolute water sports event.
"The atmosphere is very different," said Yang Fugang, the coach of the Sichuan canoe slalom team, when asked by the reporter what is the difference between participating in the water games and the usual national championships, "With so many events held together, the atmosphere, environment and service of the competition are very different, and more people pay attention to it."
Yang Fugang told reporters that all regions attached great importance to the Games, and the top leaders of the Provincial Sports Bureau had basically come. With the leadership's attention, mass sports such as dragon boat, water skiing and motorboat could get more investment.
GuizhouMajiang CountyThe Dragon Boat Team is a team composed entirely of farmers. They won two bronze medals in this competition. The village secretary, the county head and the director of the provincial sports bureau all came to the stadium to cheer for them.MajiangChen Xiaoqiong, the head of the county, told Xinhua News Agency: "In such a national contest, the Majiang Dragon Boat Team has well demonstrated the spirit of the farmers' brothers to fight bravely and unite. In the future, we will continue to vigorously support the development of farmers' sports activities."
Let more people enjoy water sports
Feel the freshness of water sliding across the skin, and try to ride on the stimulation of the water. Water sports have unique sports charm, which is also the dream of many ordinary people.Whether sailing, water skiing, dragon boat or motorboat, water sports are not only highly ornamental, but also increasingly popular among the general population.
Guizhou Provincial Sports BureauDirector Cai Guoxiang said in an interview that, with the improvement of people's living standards, returning to nature has become a fashionable social concept, and water loving and playing with water are also becoming the way of life and entertainment that people pursue.In this sense, holding a water sports meeting is a good idea, which helps people understand and approach water sports.
Cai Guoxiang said that in fact, there are still many water sports projects suitable for public participation to be developed. For example, there is a "bamboo float" project in Guizhou, where pupils can participate in the competition after half a month of training.Some experts at the water games told reporters that the threshold of many water sports is not high. It is needless to say that dragon boat and swimming, such as water skiing, can be played by ordinary people after one day of training. Canoe slalom seems dangerous, but ordinary people can still play on the track with low difficulty.Therefore, there is a huge space for the popularization of water sports.
