Greenwich Observatory, founded in 1675britainLondonthe ThamesThe Royal Greenwich Garden is a famous comprehensive observatory in the world.In the 17th century, the British navigation industry achieved unprecedented development, and maritime navigation urgently needed accurate longitude indication.In 1674, Sir Jonah Murray sent a message to the kingcharles ii It is proposed that an observatory should be built for the survey work of the Ordnance Department.So King Charles II appointedJohn FranstideBuild an observatory in Greenwich, London.August 10, 1675.King Charles II ordered it to be placedFoundation stoneThe creation project of the Greenwich Observatory officially began.After the completion of the observatory, King Charles II established itRoyal AstronomerThe position is held by John Franstide.After John Franstide took office, he was committed to correcting the celestial motion catalog and the position of stars, and was responsible for measuring the correct longitude.[1]
The world famous Greenwich Observatory was built in 1675.At that time, the British navigation industry developed rapidly.In order to solve the need to measure longitude at sea, the British authorities decided to locate the southeast suburb of London about 20 kilometers away from the city center,the ThamesAn observatory was set up in the Royal Greenwich Garden.After 1835, the Greenwich Observatory was expanded and updated under the leadership of the outstanding astronomer Eric.He first used the "meridian circle" to measure Greenwich Mean Time.The observatory became the world's most advanced time measuring observatory at that time.
the Second World Wareve,City of LondonHas developed into a world famousIndustrial city。After the war, the population in Greenwich increased dramatically, the number of factories increased, and the air pollution became more and more serious, especially the interference of night lights, which was extremely detrimental to the sky observation.This forced the observatory to move to Sussex on the southeast coast of England in 1948HurstMunsuFort.The environment here is beautiful, the air is fresh, and the observation conditions are good.The observatory moved to the new site is still called the Royal Greenwich Observatory.However, the Greenwich Observatory is not on the 0 ° longitude line, and the 0 ° longitude line on the earth still passes through the former site of the Greenwich Observatory.The former site of Greenwich Observatory later became the Astronomical Station of the British Ministry of Navigation and the National Marine Museum.There are early astronomical instruments on display, especially the copper wire embedded on the ground in the Meridian Hall - 0 ° longitude, attracting visitors from all over the world.Tourists here like to take photos with their feet on both sides of the 0 ° longitude, which symbolizes that they are standing on both east longitude and west longitude.
greenwich observatory
In 1950, the Royal Observatory moved to a new siteNational Marine MuseumThere are astronomical stations, astronomical instrument halls, etc., which are mainly used for exhibition.Among the historical astronomical materials on display are early astronomical telescopes, clocks, globesArmillary sphere(Many of them were made in China at that time), and the discovery of many astronomical phenomena (such asHalley's CometEtc.).
The Royal Greenwich Observatory is located in the southeast suburb of LondonGreenwichThe town is one of the famous scenic spots in London.Greenwich consists of Greenwich Park, the Royal Observatory, the Maritime Museum and the Royal Naval Academy.The Greenwich Observatory was founded in 1675.In 1884, the meridian passing through this observatory was determined as the standard reference meridian for global time and longitude measurement, also known as zero degree longitude.In 1997, the Royal Observatory wasUNESCOIt is listed as a world precious heritage.In Greenwich, visitors can adjust their watches to aim at the most standard time in the world.
history
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greenwich observatory
The Greenwich Observatory was establishedJonah MurraySir suggested in 1674 that its task was only to carry out measurement work for the Ordnance Department, Kingcharles ii Convinced and hired FlemishSteedCarry out construction work.The Ordnance Department undertook the construction of the observatory, and Charlie provided the observatory with key instruments and equipment with his own private funds.Franstide's house was originallyobservatoryPart of the project is the first facility with a specific scientific research destination designed in the UK by Sir Christopher Ryan with the assistance of Robert Hook.Its construction cost 520 pounds (20 pounds more than the budget), which was mainly used to rebuild the materials of Humphrey Duke Tower, because it deviated 13 degrees from the due north, which made Franstide a little annoyed.
He not only placed the scientific instruments needed by Franstide in compiling the star catalogue, but also merged a certain amount of other work over time, such as punctuality and later editing the office of Her Majesty the Queen's nautical almanac.
Murray donated two clocks, which were built by Thomas Tampin and placed in the octagonal house 20 feet high, which is the main room of the building.They have
greenwich observatory
With a distinctive design, each has a 13 foot (3.96 meter) long pendulum installed on the front of the clock, which swings every 4 seconds precisely. The daily error is unprecedented small, only 7 seconds.British astronomers have long used the Greenwich Observatory base to make measurements: four independent meridians once passed through buildings.The basic primary meridian established in 1851 was recognized by the International Conference in 1884AliA transit.For a long time, it was originally put in the courtyard by a small brass strip for instructions. On December 16, 1999, it was upgraded to stainless steel, and shone in the night sky north of London with a powerful green laser.Greenwich Mean Time(GMT) is the time based on observations in Greenwich (until 1954). Since then, GMT has been calculated by other active observatories.GMT is often called Universal Time, which is to observe those fromGalaxyThe external wireless power supply is then calculated and converted into several forms, including UT0 (Universal Time from a remote observatory), UT1 (Universal Time for Correction of Polar Motion) and Coordinated Universal Time (Universal Time with SI seconds within 0.9 seconds of UT1).To help synchronize other times with Greenwich Mean Time,Royal AstronomerJohn Pound installed the timeball in 1833.It sets at one o'clock (13:00) on time every day of the year (GMT in winter, BST in summer).
Current status
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This building is part of the National Maritime Museum, which collects astronomy andNavigation toolMuseums, including the famousjohn harrison The award-winning maritime clock H4 and his previous 3 finished products.Several other artificial timepieces that have historically provided accurate timekeeping for astronomy and navigation are also on display, including the Fedchenko clock made by the Soviet Union in the middle of the 20th century (the pendulum clock that was made with the most accurate and many copies).It is alsoGruber28 inches made in 1893Refracting telescopeThis was the largest such telescope in Britain at that time.The shepherd's clock outside the observatory gate is an example of early electronics.In February 2005, a 15 million pound reconstruction project was started to provide a new planetarium and other exhibition galleries and educational facilities. The 120 seat Peter Harrison planetarium was opened in May 2007.
Major events
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In 1675, the Observatory was established in Greenwich.
In 1714, the Longitude Committee was established and the Longitude Award was established.
In 1924, the hourly time signal (GMT signal) was first broadcast from the Greenwich Observatory on February 5.
In 1948, astronomers moved to Hurstmonthau.
In 1957, the observatory was completely relocated to Hurstmonteau and became the Greenwich Observatory (RGO).The original Greenwich Place became the Old Royal Observatory.
In 1998, the RGO ended, and the Greenwich Place became the Greenwich Observatory again, and became part of the National Maritime Museum.
standard time
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With the development of world navigation, many countries have established observatories to measure local time.In order to coordinate the measurement of time and determine geographical longitude internationally, in 1884WashingtonconveneInternational Longitude Conference。The meeting decided to adopt the longitude of the Erie transit at Greenwich Observatory at that time as the standard reference longitude for global time and longitude measurement, called 0 ° longitude orPrime meridian。Since then, maps published by various countries not only use this line as the starting point of geographical longitude, but also use the Greenwich Observatory as the starting point of the "World Time Zone", and use Greenwich timing instruments to calibrate time.
Prime meridian
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The former site of the Greenwich Observatory, southeast of London, the capital of the United Kingdom, is the starting point for calculating geographical longitude and world time zone determined by the international scientific community.There is a Meridian Palace, where a copper meridian with a width of more than 10 cm and a length of more than 10 meters is inlaid in marble and protrudes straight out of the palace. This is the world famous "primitive meridian".It attracts tourists from all over the world like a magnet. People like to take photos with their feet on both sides of the copper wire.
