Bai Yang (March 7, 1920 - April 29, 2008),Han nationality, initially named Guo Dingsheng, later renamed Guo Libang and Guo Yidong.Contemporary Chinese Writers, born in HenanTongxu County, originally from HenanHuixian CountyChangcun TownChangbei Village。[1]After 1949, he went to Taiwan and served as the deputy editor in chief of Taiwan's Zili Evening News and professor of art school[10], known to people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait.
Bo Yang studied in many schools, but never got a diploma. He used fake academic credentials for several times to go to college, and was once "forever" by the Ministry of EducationExpulsion from school”。His comments and books have caused widespread controversy in all walks of life.[2]
Bai Yang mainly writes novels and essays. The latter has a higher achievement and was once listed as one of the top ten best-selling writers in Taiwan. His essays mainly include Jade Carving Collection《Leaning on dreams and gossiping》(10 episodes)《West Window Essay》(10 episodes) "Worried about the Heart", "Cloud Journey", etc[2]。Representative works include《The Ugly Chinaman 》《Outline of Chinese History》Alien, etc.
Boyang, initially named Guo Dingsheng, was later renamed Guo Libang and Guo Yidong, with a pen name of Boyang and a pen name of Deng Kebao.In 1920, Boyang's father Guo Xuezhong came to Tongxu County, Henan Province to serve as the county magistrate. On March 7 of the same year, Boyang was born in the county government's yamen apartment. His father named him Guo Dingsheng, nicknamed him "Little Lion".
The exact date of Boyang's birth is unclear. Boyang's mother died shortly after his birth, while his father Guo Xuezhong did not remember his son's birthday at all.He heard this rough figure in 1920 from his family occasionally. As for his birthday, Bo Yang vaguely remembered it as the seventh day of the ninth lunar month, but he was not sure.When Bai Yang came to Taiwan in 1949 to apply for a hukou, he casually declared November 1 as his birthday.He later recognized March 7 as his birthday to commemorate the day he was arrested and imprisoned in 1968.[3-4]
In 1931, at the age of 12, he entered the fourth primary school of Henan Province as a second grade student. Soon after he entered the school, the "September 18th Incident" occurred.I have studied in many schools, but I have never obtained a diploma. I used fake academic credentials several times to go to college, and was "permanently expelled from school" by the Ministry of Education.
In 1933, he was sent to Huixian County Primary School by his father because he did not see Rongyu's stepmotherKefei, throwReading interest。
In 1937, during the July 7th Incident, he was admitted to the training class for military and political cadres in Henan Province.
In 1939, he married Ai Shaohe and his father died in Kaifeng the same year.
In 1943, she fell in love with Cui Xiuying and lived together.
In 1948, with friends Xu Tianxiang and Sun JianzhangShenyangThe establishment of Dadong Daily is planned.
In 1949, I met my mentor Wu Wenyi in Shanghai and followed him to Taiwan;In the same year, enteringPingdongI am a staff member in an agricultural vocational school.[2]
In 1953, he married Qi Yongpei and wrote his first essay in《Free talk》Published on.
In 1954, he served in the National Salvation Corps.
In 1957, he served as a teacher in Taiwan's Chenggong University. Later, he was forced to quit all his jobs because he knew Ni Minghua, who was studying in Jingyi English College, and fell in love and married him.
In 1961, he began to publish the novel Alien in the Zili Evening News.
In 1966, he served as president of the Plains Publishing House.His wife Ni Minghua (poet), editor in chief of China DailyHome EditionHe is responsible for the column of Popeye Comics.
On January 13, 1968, a cartoon was published, which said that the father and son bought an island, and there were only two of them on the island, establishing a kingdom, and the father and son ran for president.This cartoon offendedTaiwan authoritiesHe was arrested on March 4 on charges of "insulting the Head of State", "aiding bandits", etc.This is what shocked Taiwan at that time“Popeye incident”。Was sentenced to death by the Taiwan authorities and later changed tofixed-term imprisonment12 years, then reduced to 8 years.One of his legs was broken, and his eyesight almost dropped to zero.[11]
In 1969, Ni Minghua filed for divorce. Bai Yang went on hunger strike for 21 days in prison and took away the property. His children refused to listen to him.
1972 - 1976, imprisoned in the Green Island Sentinel Training Prison.But his will was not depressed, and he insisted on completing it in prison《Outline of Chinese History》The Lineage of Chinese Emperors, Queens, Princes and Princesses《Chronology of Chinese History》Three manuscripts.
He was released on April 1, 1977 and actually imprisoned for 9 years and 26 days;In the same year, he was appointed by the China Mainland Research Center《China Times》Open up "Boyang Column".After he was released from prison, the Taiwan authorities ordered him to make three rules: not to mention the past, not to repeat the old story, not to expose the darkness of Taiwan society, and then allowed him to be《China Times》Write a column.
In 1978, with the poetessZhang XianghuaMarriage;In the same year, South Korea invited Bai Yang and Zhang Xianghua to attend the Poets Conference, but the Taiwan authoritiespolitical prisonerRefusal on the ground that they cannot leave the country.
February 24, 2008pneumoniaAnd respiratory failureIntensive Care UnitOn March 19, he was transferred to the general ward, and later, he had stomach problems“gastrostomy ”After surgery, he was admitted to the intensive care unit again, and was transferred to the general ward on April 12 for treatment with oxygen and respiratory aids.
At 1:12 a.m. on April 29, 2008, he died of pneumonia in the Gengshen Hospital in Xindian, Taiwan. He was 89 years old.[12]
On May 17, 2008, in accordance with his will to be buried at sea, his family scattered the ashes of cypress poplar into the waters of Green Island, and left some ashes to be taken back to mainland China for burial. Through the efforts of his widow Zhang Xianghua, some of the ashes of cypress poplar were buried in his hometown Henan on September 12, 2010XinzhengFu Shou Yuan Cemetery.[6]The memorial statue of Mr. Boyang is also unveiled here."Do not sing praises for the king, but speak words for the common people" is inscribed on the side of the memorial statue.[5]
From 1950 to 2004, ten years of novels, ten years of essays, ten yearsprisonFive year columns, ten years of historical writing, ten years of human rights, where there are Chinese, the works of Bo Yang are popular.
Baiyang Memorial
Main works
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Chronology of works
(Note: The name in parentheses after the title of the work (translation) is the name of the publishing company or publisher.)
particular year
Age
month
Name of work (translation)
one thousand nine hundred and fifty-three
thirty-three
/
Locust Flying Southeast (literary creation)
one thousand nine hundred and fifty-five
thirty-five
October
Devil's Net (Plain)
one thousand nine hundred and fifty-seven
thirty-seven
November
The Story of Peter Chou (Revival)
one thousand nine hundred and fifty-eight
thirty-eight
December
Children under the Sky (center)
one thousand nine hundred and fifty-nine
thirty-nine
April
Translation of Shi Ah Hua (Chinese Literature)
October
Struggle (Plain)
one thousand nine hundred and sixty
forty
May
Started to write a pamphlet "Baodao Changhong" for the opening of the central cross highway in the column of "Dream Dependent Gossip" in the Zili Evening News (Avenue semimonthly)
one thousand nine hundred and sixty-one
forty-one
August
Alien Land (Plain)
December
The Wild (Plain)
one thousand nine hundred and sixty-two
forty-two
July
Jade Carving Collection (Plain)
August
Shallow (Plain)
November
Strange Horse Collection (Plain)
one thousand nine hundred and sixty-three
forty-three
/
The column "West Window Essay" was created in the Public Comments Daily, "Valley of Life and Death" (Revival)
January
Fortress Collection (Plain)
April
Saint Collection (Plain)
August
Phoenix Collection (Plain)
September
"Rolling Drum on Mountain" (Plain)
October
"A Fair Way" (Plain)
December
Tea Set (Plain)
one thousand nine hundred and sixty-four
forty-four
February
Collection of Upwards and Backwards (Plain)
June
"Anger Upon Smelling" (Plain)
July
The Furious Voyage (Plain)
October
Captivating Minds (Plain)
one thousand nine hundred and sixty-five
forty-five
January
"Tales of Legends" (Plain)
March
"Big Fools Like Wisdom Collection" (Plain)
April
Secret (Plain)
August
Standing at attention Collection (Plain)
December
"Helping More, Helping More" (Plain)
one thousand nine hundred and sixty-six
forty-six
January
Chief Editor of 1966 Chinese Literature and Art Yearbook (Plain)
Journey to Cloud Episode I (Plain)
April
The Collection of Caprice (Plain)
July
Fish and Goose Collection (Plain)
one thousand nine hundred and sixty-seven
forty-seven
January
Tianjiang (Plain)
March
Snake Waist Collection (Plain)
May
Journey to Cloud Episode II (Plain)
June
Peeling Collection (Plain)
August
Quotations of Boxang (Plain)
September
"Never Admit Your Mistake" (Plain)
November
Editor in chief: 1967 Chinese Literature and Art Yearbook (Plain)
one thousand nine hundred and sixty-eight
forty-eight
January
"Heart Worrying Collection" (Plain)
June
Nose Facing the Sky Collection (Plain)
one thousand nine hundred and seventy-four
fifty-four
June
Selected Essays of Boyang against Confucius (Hong Kong "70s Society")
October
Selected Short Stories of Boyang (Singapore "Wanli")
The Ugly Chinese is written by Bai Yang, a writer from Taiwan, China.This book was published in Taiwan, China in 1985, and was rated as the best seller of the year in Taiwan that year.This book is a collection of dozens of essays written by the author, whose main content is to criticize the Chinese people's bad habits.With the attitude of "hating iron but not steel", the author compares the various drawbacks of traditional culture to "soy sauce jar culture", and points out that there is a filtering disease in Chinese traditional culture, and the descendants will always be infected and continue to be infected.One edition of the book
The Outline of Chinese History is a book published by the Shanxi People's Publishing House in October 2008. Its author is Bai Yang of Taiwan. It is one of his most important works and one of the most outstanding representative works of Chinese writers since modern times.The book was completed in the prison. With nearly 800000 words, it tells and comments on the Chinese history from the mythical era of Pangu to the invasion of Beijing by the Eight Power Allied Forces in the first year of the 20th century.This book has the following advantages: First, the text is beautiful, such as
Memoirs of Bai Yang is a book published by China Friendship Publishing Company in July 1997. The author is Bai Yang.This book recalls the ups and downs of the legendary experience of Bo Yang, a master of humanities. From his uncertain date of birth to his seventy-five years of life, Guaiqian's childhood, the bitter road to school, the spectacular love, the dream like past events, the freedom of several times in prison, ten years of essays, ten years of comprehensive learning, his life is always a sigh of regret
Saraleng was written by Bo Yang. It describes a young couple who went to Longshuitang to expose a murder case that happened on Saraleng Island 40 years ago.Weiwei is the third slender woman, who doubts Doctor Ge who treats her.After discovering that his evil deed was exposed, Dr. Ge confessed that he had designed to kill her husband 40 years ago in order to stay with her old love, Mei Qi, while his wife died in order to save her husband.Doctor Ge is telling the story of this long sealed
One of the characteristics of Boyang's creation is that he does not stop at exposing and criticizing the superficial phenomenon, but further excavates the deep historical and cultural roots of the phenomenon.In Bai Yang's opinion, politics and culture are closely linked. "There is a certain kind of culture, there is a certain kind of politics, and there is a certain kind of politics, there is a certain kind of temperament." He once explained the word "soy sauce jar": soy sauce jar can be seen everywhere in rural areas of northern China, "soy sauce is not smooth". The culture of any nation is like the Yangtze River flowing, but for a long time,"Many filthy and dirty things, like dead fish, cats and mice, begin to precipitate, making the water unable to flow and become a pool of stagnant water. The more it sinks, the more it rots over time, and it becomes a sauce jar, a sludge pit, sour and smelly." This is what "our culture" is like.Then he said: "The most representative of this feature in Chinese culture is the officialdom. In the past, intellectuals read for the purpose of being officials. This invisible and intangible" field "was formed by the imperial examination system. Once scholars entered the officialdom, they became antagonistic to the people." This "official standards as the standard, official interests as the interests"The so-called "sauce jar culture".[18]
Character evaluation
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Li Kai, associate professor of the History Department of Beijing Normal University: Mr. Boyang advocates speaking for the common people. It is not surprising that he criticizes the Confucian scholar bureaucrats ("ministers") of Wang Fuzhi in Hu's three provinces.[16]
historianTang DegangThere is a saying: "Bo Yang's life has been a tradition since he was bornChinese societyA standardized image - he is influenced by‘My late mother’An ill treated little orphan. "
Character influence
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For the evaluation of Bai Yang and his thoughts, in the 1980s, there was public opinion that Bai Yang's cultural concept of "sauce jar" had an impact that 100 sociology doctors could not catch up with. This evaluation can be said to be appropriate;Because the cultural concept of "sauce jar" has now become one of the ideological sources of the spirit of folk criticism.Professor Ma Hanmao, a German sinologist, once said that Boyang's efforts to democratize modern China and his gracious and frank way of self analysis have formed a delightful and surprising force, which not only shocked Taiwan, but also the young intellectuals on the mainland, causing a comprehensive impact on Chinese society and culture.It is precisely because of the profound influence of Bo Yang's cultural criticism, social criticism and historical research that institutions of higher learning in Taiwan, Hong Kong and the mainland have held many international academic seminars on Bo Yang's thought, literature and history since 1999, to analyze and study the contribution of Bo Yang's thought to modern Chinese literature, culture and social civilization from multiple levels.Bai Yang's self-evaluation is: "I am just a guerrilla. I just point out where our culture and social diseases are, but I am unable to cure the disease and save the people. My enemy is very clear, that is, the" sauce jar culture ". My constant efforts are to awaken people's reflection on their own culture.".
On April 29, 2008, after Mr. Boyang traveled west, Taiwan musician Chen Sheng composed a song "Boyang" with respect.[17]
Character story
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No change in local accent
Boyang's daughter Guo Suping recalled her father's every bit: his father likes to eat HuixianMutated egg, like HuixianFragrant rice, my father never forgets.Besides, after all these years, my father has traveled extensivelynative dialect。I remember when I met my father in Hong Kong for the first time, no one could understand me, so I asked my daughter to be an interpreter.Later, when my father was older and spoke with a stronger accent, people around me could not understand him[1][13]
Origin of pen name
The pseudonym of Bai Yang was in Taiwan that yearCross highwayBefore opening to traffic, he was invited to visit and inscribe the scenery along the road. At that time, the last stop of the tunnel at "Guboyang" was not completed. After returning home, he felt a sense of writing, so he used the pen name of "Boyang" and has always used it[14]。
However, there is another saying about the origin of the name of cypress poplar: there are many cypresses in Henan, the hometown of cypress poplarpoplar。Cypress scalyleaf, cracked dark brown skin, ice and snow are evergreen, and the tree age can reach 1000 years.poplarStanding in the deep mountains and valleys, when the wind comes, it is exciting.This is the character of Bo Yang and the origin of his name.
Many people will hesitate to read Bo Yang (b ó y á ng) or Bo Yang (b ǎ i y á ng) when referring to Bo Yang. In fact, the correct pronunciation should be (B ó Y á ng).Because Taiwan is still continuing to usethe original complex form of a simplified Chinese characterThe pronunciation of many characters also keeps the ancient pronunciation, and the ancient pronunciation of "Bo" is b ó.[2]
Cultivate genealogy personally
Boyang is from HenanHuixian CountyIn the 1980s and 1990s, he returned to Huixian, his hometown, to worship ancestors.According to insiders, when he returned to his hometown, he also helped write《Guo's Genealogy》。Huixian County is located in the north of Henan Province.Bai Yang is the most influential celebrity in the history of Huixian County. Many years ago, Huixian County erected a statue for him.
As for the two sides of the Taiwan Straits, Boyang has always been in favor of communication and exchange between the two sides. Boyang once said, "Taiwanese and mainlanders are the same language, both use Chinese, and all are Chinese". "I hope that compatriots from the mainland will come to Taiwan more often to increase their good impression of Taiwan; I hope that more people from Taiwan will also come to the mainlandGo to see, increase the good impression on the mainland, so that the situation will gradually improve.When I get well, I want to return to the mainland.[7]
Five marriages
Bai Yang has married five times and has two sons and three daughters:To make a wifeAi Shaohe was married by his father for Bo Yang in his hometown of Henan, and gave birth to a daughter, Guo Suping;In 1943, when he was exiled to Chongqing, Boyang met Cui Xiuying and gave birth to a daughter Cui Yusheng (alias Maomao);After arriving in Taiwan, I first married Qi Yongpei,[8]Giving birth to two sons, Guo Bencheng and Guo Benyuan;Later, he married Ni Minghua and gave birth to a daughter, Guo Benming (alias Jiajia);Bai Yang's last marriage was in 1978, when he was married to Zhang Xianghua, a poetess 20 years younger than him. Both sides have children, and they have worked together for more than 30 years.[2]
Commemoration for future generations
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BoyangriThat is, March 7, 1993.On March 7, 1968, Bai Yang was arrested and imprisoned in Taiwan.Chairman YuanliuWang RongwenMr. Zhang set March 7, 1993 as "Boyang Day".[15]
