AlmondRosaceae（Rosaceae）Deciduous treesBotanyapricot（Prunus armeniaca50. ) orPrunus armeniacaThe seed of.Almonds are divided intoSweet almondandThe bitter almondTwo species, mainly distributed in northern China, with Xinjiang, Hebei, Liaoning, Shandong, Shaanxi and other provinces and regions distributing the most.Almond has rich nutritional value. Every 100g almond contains 25-27g protein, 47-56g oil,carbohydrate12~19g of crude fiber, calcium, phosphorus, iron, selenium and other mineral elementsvitamin E、Vitamin B1、Vitamin B2、Vitamin B5、vitamin CAnd other vitamins.Almond has good medicinal value, such as antitussive, antiasthmatic, enhancing human immunity, delaying aging, regulating blood lipid, brain tonic, etc.Unique in bitter almond with multiple pharmacological effectsAmygdalinThe content is 5.5%. Modern medicine believes that amygdalin can inhibit and kill cancer cells.Almonds are widely used in food, cosmetics, medicine and other fields.[1]
Almonds are divided into sweet almonds and bitter almonds.[2]
Bitter almonds are flat hearts, 1~1.9cm long, 0.8~1.5cm wide and 0.5~0.8cm thick.The surface is yellowish brown to dark brown, one end is pointed, the other end is blunt round, plump, and asymmetric from left to right. There is a short linear hilum on one side of the tip, and there are many dark brown veins upward at the round end chalaza.The seed coat is thin, the number of cotyledons is 2, milky white, and rich in oil.Slight gas, bitter taste.[3]
Sweet almond has large grains, thick shell texture, light yellow, slightly crooked tip and sweet taste.[2]
Key values
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Shelled Almond
Almond has the functions of reducing breath, eliminating phlegm, relieving cough, relieving asthmaMoisten intestines and relieve constipationNutritional and health care functions such as treatment of scabies and detumescence.In traditional Chinese medicine, almond is a kind of laxative, and also an important raw material of the scrub ointment for treating skin diseases.Rich in almondsHigh quality proteinFat and other ingredients play an extremely important role in the human body. Its main functions are: relieving the exterior, benefiting the lungs, moistening the intestines, defecating, moistening the blood, regulating the blood vessels, promoting the qi machine, transforming water and moistening, digestion and accumulation.It is found that almond juice can reduce the sensitivity of trachea to ammonia stimulation, and antagonize histamineacetylcholineBarium chloride stimulates tracheal and intestinal smooth muscle, and accelerates the peristalsis of large intestine.Almond oil can inhibit the biosynthesis of cholesterol, inhibit lipid deposition in the blood vessel wall, promote cholesterol excretion, prevent arteriosclerosis, and thus prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.[2]
The nutritional and health functions of sweet almonds and bitter almonds have their own priorities.[2]
Sweet almond
Sweet almond has a flat nature, which tends to moisturize and maintain lung qi, and has a mild effect. Its effect of moistening intestines and catharsis is more significant than that of bitter almond.It can moisten the lungs, widen the stomach, dispel phlegm and stop coughing.It is suitable for chronic cough due to lung deficiency, fluid injury, constipation, etc.[2]
The bitter almond
Bitter almonds are bitter in nature, good at lowering qi, entering the lung and large intestine, and have the function of relieving cough and defecating.[2]
[Nature, taste and meridian tropism] bitter, slightly warm;There is a small poison.It belongs to the lung and large intestine meridians.[3]
[Functions and Indications] It can reduce qi, relieve cough, relieve asthma, moisten intestines and relieve constipation.It is used for coughing, asthma, chest full of phlegm, dry intestines and constipation.[3]
[Usage and dosage] 5~10g, the raw product should be put into the decoction and then taken down.[3]
Almonds are rich in nutrients, especially protein, fat, minerals and vitamins, with high nutritional value.According to relevant information, the moisture content of dried almonds is about 5%.100g almond can provide 598 kilocalories compared with 100ml milk.Compared with milk, 100g almond contains three times more calcium, four times more potassium and six times more phosphorus.Magnesium helps to activate enzymes and strengthen the function of nerves and muscles;Zinc is a component of many enzymes;Copper plays an important role in improving enzyme activity, hair growth and pigmentation, development of connective tissue and formation of red blood cells.The protein content of almond is twice as much as that of common cereal crops, and the amino acid type of almond is complementary to that of cereal crops.Sweet almonds also contain stachyose, almond globule protein, etc.Almonds are an excellent source of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids - linoleic acid, magnesium and phosphorus, as well as protein, VE, calcium, iron, zinc, copper andB vitaminsGood source of.[2]
Sweet almond contains no or only 0.1% amygdalin.The fat content is 45%~67%.The bitter almond contains 2%~4% amygdalin.[2]
almond goods
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Almond oil
Almond
In almond oilUnsaturated fatty acidThe content is about 95%. These unsaturated fatty acids not only do not produce fat accumulation in the body, but also can reduceLow density lipoproteinAnd the level of serum cholesterol, which is conducive to the softening of blood vessels, and has the effect of preventing cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia.In addition, almond oil has its unique properties. The freezing point of almond oil is very low, and it can still maintain a clear liquid state at - 10 ℃, and it can only coagulate at - 20 ℃.Therefore, almond oil is not only a world famous high-quality edible oil, but also a raw material for making advanced cosmetics, advanced lubricants and advanced plastic solvents. It has very important utilization value and economic value.[1]
Almond protein
In almond protein, the digestible low molecular albumin accounts for more than 80% of the total protein, and the relatively difficult macromolecular globulin accounts for less than 20%. Its amino acid composition is close to the international reference model, so almond protein is a kind of food valueVegetable protein。Almond protein has good functional properties, such as gelation, viscosity, foaming, stability, emulsification and solubility.[1]
Amygdalin
Amygdalin has a variety of pharmacological effects, such as anti-cancer, antimutagenic, antitussive, antiasthmatic, analgesic, and also has a certain effect on the prevention and treatment of diabetes.Japan, the United States, Mexico and other countries have produced amygdalin injection, tablet, powder and therapeutic food additives of amygdalin.[1]
Benzaldehyde
Extracted from detoxification product of bitter almondNatural benzaldehydeIt is widely used in food, cosmetics, medicine, etc.
other
Almonds can also be processed into almond powder, salt and pepper almonds, fruity almonds, amber almonds, canned almonds, almond milk, lactic acid bacteria fermented almond drinks, almond peanut compound milk, almond walnut compound milk, almond juice milk, etc.Almond has a special flavor, which can add luster, brightness and appetite to food. Therefore, almond can also be used as a refined ingredient of sandwich bread, cakes, candy, cold food, cold drinks and pickles.[1]
After the job's tears are washed, the impurities are filtered out, and the job's tears are soaked in cold water for 2 hours. After the Codonopsis pilosula is washed, it is cut into thin slices, and the japonica rice is washed clean. Then the three are put into a pot, and 1000 ml of water is added.First boil it with high fire, skim the foam after boiling the pan, and then slowly boil it with low fire for about half an hour.After the porridge is cooked, other fried herbs can be added according to personal taste.[4]
Pork, jujube and almond soup
Pork, jujube and almond soup
Ingredients: 300g pork, 3 jujubes, 10g apricots in the south and north, 2 pieces of ginger and a little salt.[5]
How to do it: cut the pork into pieces, put all the ingredients into a water pot, boil it over high heat, then slow it down for 1 hour, and season it.[5]
matters needing attention
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Bitter almonds should not be taken orally in excess to avoid poisoning.[3]
Bitter almonds are not suitable for direct consumption because they containAmygdalin, can be broken down in the body to produce highly toxic substancesHydrocyanic acid。The toxicity of unprocessed bitter almonds is relatively high. If adults eat 40~60 pills and children eat 10~20 pills, there is a risk of poisoning.[6]
