Cao Xueqin (1715-1763)[62]）, whose name is 霑霑霑霑霑, whose name is Mengruan, whose name is Xueqin, also known as Qinpu, Qinxi.Ancestral homeLiaoyang。Qing Dynasty novelist, poet, painter.Cao YinGrandson.[57-58]
Cao Xueqin lived in Nanjing when he was a teenager, and later moved with his familyBeijing。In his youth, he experienced a very rich and luxurious life.In 1727, his fatherCao FuAfter being dismissed and ransacked for the crime of losing money, the family fell down and moved to Beijing with their families.In his later years, living in the western suburbs of Beijing, it was more difficult for his family to eat porridge.Forced by life, his wife died, his son died, and he died of poverty. He was less than 50 years old.[59]
Cao Xueqin is also good at poetry and painting, but his works have been lost, leaving only the titleDuncheng"Bai Xiangshan Pipa Line" is a legendary poem with two fragments: "Bai Fu should be very pleased with his poetry, and he must teach the barbarian ghost."《The Dream of Red Mansion》It is Cao Xueqin's great contribution to Chinese literature and culture. It is also Cao Xueqin's writing of his life experience and insights based on his own life experience and personal knowledge, in the way of "hiding the truth" and "false words".Its profound and rich content, poetic narration, colorful characters and moving plots make it have eternal charm.“Redology”It is also famous for its popularity.[60]
Alias
Cao Xueqin
word
Mengruan
Times
Qing Dynasty
one's native heath
Jiangning (now Nanjing)
date of birth
May 28, 1715 (April 26, 54th year of Kangxi)
Date of death
About February 12, 1763 (Qianlong Renwu New Year's Eve)
Key achievements
Creating the Chinese classic masterpiece Dream of Red Mansions
KangxiFirst month of the fifty fourth year (1715), thenJiangning WeavingOfCao JunstayBeijingHe died of illness during the reporting period.Emperor Kangxi granted a decree to Cao Ting's cousinCao FuAdopt toCao Yin, succeeding Jiangning Weaving.On the seventh day of March of the same year, Cao Fu wrote a memorial: "Ma, the servant's sister-in-law, is pregnant until July because she is pregnant." This posthumous son is Cao Xueqin[2], on April 26 (May 28, 1715 Gregorian calendar)[4]Born in NanjingJiangning Zhizao Mansion[5]。
Cao Xueqin[6]A few days after the full moon, on the third day of June, Cao Fu wrote a memorial saying, "The rain has piled up in successive days, and the whole field has touched his feet." This is the chance for Cao Xueqin to be known as "Zhan". The advantages of time, place and people are equal[4]。The word "Zhan" is taken from "The Book of Songs · Xiaoya · Xinnan Mountain", "both excellent and abundant, both touching and sufficient, and I have hundreds of grains", which means that "the world is grateful to the emperor".The word "snow celery" comes fromSu Shi《Dongpo Eight Songs》Third: "The clay celery has a standing root, and an inch of it is alone; when the snow shoots move, the spring doves can be heard."[7]
Cao Xueqin's great grandmother, Sun Shi, was the nanny of Emperor Kangxi, and his grandfather, Cao Yin, was the nanny of Emperor KangxiAccompanying readingandImperial Guard, later Jiangning Weaving, and also patrolling salt in Huaihe River and Huaihe Riverofficial in charge of the discipline of public functionaries。In the Kangxi and Yongzheng dynasties, four people from three generations of the Cao family ruled Jiangning Weaving for 58 years. Their family background was prominent, powerful, extremely rich and expensiveNanjingThe most powerful family in the world[1]。Kangxi went to Jiangnan six times, and Cao Yin picked him up four times.However, Cao Xueqin was born a few years later, and he did not personally experience the grand event of Kangxi's southern tour.《The Dream of Red Mansion》The 16th chapter can be used as evidence. The original work wrote aboutJia BaoyuOlderMiss Luo Yu fengListenMammy ZhaoWait for the elders' dictation to understand that history.[4]
In his early years, Cao Xueqin relied on God's kindness,Cao XiCao Yinzhide)[8], in the prosperous country of Changming（Kangyong heyday）, Hualiu bustling place (Nanjing), Shili Zanying people (Jiangning Zhizhi Mansion), gentle and rich township (Xiyuan) enjoyed a period of rich and elegant childlike life[4]They live contentedly. "Every day, they only read, write, play the piano, play chess, paint and recite poems with their sisters and servant girls, even describe the phoenix and stab the phoenix, fight the grass and hairpin flowers, sing in whispers, read and guess the words". "They only travel in the garden, and they are willing to serve the servant girls, but they also have to spend a lot of time to kill the sun and the moon".He has a vivid memory of this happy life all his life. In the first chapter of "A Dream of Red Mansions", "The Author from Cloud", he affectionately called "Dream"[3]。
Cao Xueqin was very naughty and disgusted in his childhoodstereotyped writing, do not like readingConfucian classics, antipathyThe imperial examination、Career economy。Although Cao Fu had strict discipline, hired a tutor and went to a private school for a few days, his grandmother, Li Shi, doted on him, so he often took care of Cao Xueqin[3]。Fortunately, the Cao family learned a lot. His grandfather, Cao Yin, had a collection of poems and verses. In Yangzhou, he was in charge of the printing of Complete Tang Poetry and more than 20 kinds of hardcover books, and also took charge of Yangzhou Poetry Bureau.The Cao family has a large collection of books, and there are 3287 kinds of excellent books.Cao Xueqin has lived in such a rich literary and artistic environment since childhood[1]He received the education of his father and brother, the discipline of his teachers and friends, read extensively, and especially loved reading poetry, drama, novels and other literary books, such as opera, food, health care, medicine, tea ceremony, weaving and other encyclopedic cultural knowledge and skills.[3]
Suzhou WeavingLi Xu、Hangzhou WeavingSun WenchengBoth of them were in contact with the Cao family, and Li Xu also served as the salt administration of the Huaihe River and Huaihe River (where the government was located in Yangzhou, and Cao Yin, Cao Xueqin's grandfather, also served in this position).When Cao Xueqin was a child, he visited Suzhou, Yangzhou, Hangzhou, Changzhou and other places for many timesDuncheng、DunminPoems refer to "the residual dreams of Qinhuai" and "the old dreams of Yangzhou"[4]。
The home is desolate
Nanjing renovated Jiangning Weaving Museum
In the fifth year of Yongzheng's reign (1727), Cao Xueqin was 13 years old (not old). In December, Cao Fu, the uncle (father) of Wailang, then a weaver in Jiangning, was dismissed from his post and sent to prison for harassing the post office, weaving a deficit, transferring property, etc., and was copied before the Lantern Festival in the first month of the next year[9](Family size, men and women, and 114 servants).Cao Xueqin moved back to Beijing with his family.Since then, the Cao family has been in decline.
Cao Xueqin's Relics of the Old Residence at Suanshikou[10]
When I first returned to Beijing, there were still 17 and a half rooms in the old house at Suanshikou outside Chongwenmen Gate, and three pairs of servants were chatting to make a living[11]。However, in order to repay the money owed in the case of harassment of the post station, and to make up for the family, I had to temporarily sell my land for thousands of dollars. Some domestic slaves played tricks on me and borrowed some of the Dongzhuang rent by name.Later, every day the loss was as serious as every day, so it was inevitable to sell the house and land with pawn. More thieves broke into the house and stole, so that they had no money to use for several days, and were forced to take the house and land documents out for mortgage.In the end, the door was withered and the population was scattered, which was more than rubble for several years.Cao Xueqin became more and more speechless because of the bad things at home. "Although he dare not say that he has experienced all the joys and sorrows, he has a better understanding of the world."[3]。
Guangjiao celebrities
At the end of Yongzheng period, Cao Xueqin grew as old as a year, began to shoulder the burden of his family, and gradually was able to help Cao Fu with some housework.Because Cao Fu was at home and lazy to entertain, Cao Xueqin went out to receive him. He met some political and business celebrities and literary predecessors. Under their influence, Cao Xueqin set up a lofty ambition of writing books and making moral statements. He gradually eliminated the school of pedantry and infatuation in his youth. He worked hard to revive his family. He once studied hard, visited teachers and friends, and paid homage to the powerful in the court in many ways.[3]
Humen Morning Night
In the first year of Qianlong's reign (1736), Cao Xueqin was 22 years old,Imperial edictAlleviate the deficit of Cao family[13]。
Right Wing Religious Relics[12]
In the early years of Qianlong's reign, Cao Xueqin once served as a pen and paste job in the Internal Affairs Office, and later entered the right wing of Shihu Alley in Xidanschool established for members of the royal household(formerly known as "Humen") held an inconspicuous position.Cao Xueqin's specific work in the religious school includes teaching assistants, teachers, shefu, husband servants, and errands.[12]Cao Xueqin's circle of friends in Beijing is full of prince Wang, such as Duncheng, DunminFopenwait forsomeone.In his contacts with them, Cao Xueqin was able to appreciate the culture of Beijing royal palace.
In the ninth year of Qianlong's reign (1744), Cao Xueqin was thirty years old.Dun Cheng (1734-1791) was eleven years old, and Dun Min (1729-1796) was sixteen years old. He entered the school of religion.The two brothers admired Cao Xueqin's talent and demeanor, and appreciated his unrestrained character and open mind.On a long winter night, they sat around and listened to Cao Xueqin's witty and interesting "arrogant talk". They were often attracted and impressed by Cao Xueqin's "wonderful talk" and "eloquence".Duncheng《Cherish Cao Xueqin(Zhan) "As the poem goes," When Humen was counting the morning and evening, the west window cut candles and the wind and rain became faint. "It recorded and deeply recalled this unforgettable day.
Cao Xueqin wrote the first draft of A Dream of Red Mansions in this period[4]。
Yanshi Crazy Song
Bai Family Tuan Cao Xueqin Path
In the 12th year of Qianlong's reign (1747), Cao Xueqin was 33 years old and moved to the western suburbs of Beijing about then.In the following years, I lived in Xingbu Street, Xidan, Beijing, outside Chongwen GateReclining Buddhist Temple, Xiangshan Zhengbai BannerFour Kings' MansionHedongyu Village, Xianghuang Banner CampNorth uphill，Baijiatuan(About 50 miles outside Xizhimen)[14]。During this period, Cao Xueqin lived in a grass hut, enjoyed wild flowers, lived a reclusive life of finding poems, writing brush, singing, selling paintings, getting drunk, singing wildly, recalling the past, and writing books, and enjoyed Beijing's urban culture. On the one hand, he sold calligraphy and paintings and Fupeng, Duncheng, DunminZhang YiquanAs his relatives and friends helped him make a living, the poem "To Cao Qinpu" by Duncheng said: "The whole family is old but not beautiful, and they often have porridge and wine on credit."[1]Cao Xueqin hated being down and out for half his life and did nothingFu on both good and evilAnd the true nature is more and more distinct.[4]
Yellow Leaves for Writing Books
Book Writing Huangye Village
Cao Xueqin's ambition to "mend the sky" has never been slackened. His friend Duncheng's "Cherish Cao Xueqin (Zhan)" still comforted him: "I advise you not to play the food clip and knock on the Fu'er Gate. It's better to write a book than to write a book when the leftovers are coldHuangye Village。”It means that Cao Xueqin's personal struggle encountered difficulties and obstacles due to his status as a criminal minister and other reasons. Dun sincerely advised him to quit and concentrate on writing books.[1]Cao Xueqin also lived up to his expectations. During his more than ten years of seclusion in the Western Hills, with perseverance, he wrote the old book "Fengyue Baojian" into the great book "Dream of Red Mansions", which "has been read for ten years, added or deleted five times"[4]。
Revisit one's hometown
In the 24th year of Qianlong's reign (1759), Cao Xueqin was 45 years old and was about to travel south in the same yearJiangning。The reason for traveling to the south is unknown. It may be to visit the scattered clansmen, or to do other household chores (it is said that Cao Xueqin was governor of Liangjiang before and after this timeYin JishanOfaides and staff）。During the south tour, I experienced mountains and rivers, mourned the past and listened to the past.Zhang YiquanThe poem Huai Cao Qin Xi was written in this period.[13]
In the 25th year of Qianlong's reign (1760), Cao Xueqin was 46 years old. In the early autumn, Dun Min wrote a poem "Feelings of Sitting in a Closed Door", which said: "The old acquaintance has been a long time since we parted, and the past is like a dream." It may mean that Cao Xueqin traveled south and did not return after many years.The south tour lasted more than a year and returned to Beijing around the Double Ninth Festival.Shortly after the festival, Dun Min ran into Cao Xueqin at his friend Minglin's house, Shixuan, and wrote "Sentences of Sensation and Growth" to remember it.[13]
Died of poverty and disease
Cao Xueqin continued to write A Dream of Red Mansions after returning to Beijing from his southern tour.In the 27th year of Qianlong's reign (1762 at Renwu), Cao Xueqin was 48 years old. He was trapped in excessive sadness and grief because of the death of his young son. He died of illness in Beijing on the New Year's Eve of that year[16]。Dun Chengzuo《Pull Cao Xueqin》, written by Dun Min《Hegan gathers drinks on the wall and hangs snow celery》Zhang Yiquan wrote "Hurt Celery Creek Residents".
In the 44th year of Qianlong's reign (1779), Cao Xueqin died 17 years ago. Dun Cheng wrote a letter to his eldest brother (Dunmin) in memory of Cao Xueqin.
Main achievements
Announce
edit
Stone Story
Cao Xueqin's greatest contribution lies in his literary creation.He created《The Dream of Red Mansion》Large scale, rigorous structure, complex plot and vivid description have created many artistic images with typical characters. It can be called the peak of ancient Chinese novels and plays an important role in the history of world literature.Cao Xueqin has left precious cultural heritage and spiritual wealth for the Chinese nation and the people of the world. He not only has a profound impact on the creation of future generations of writers, but also has produced a large number of outstanding derivative works in painting, film and television, animation, online games and other fields. Academics and society focus on the author, version, textThe research and discussion of skills and other aspects have even formed a special knowledge——Redology。
personal works
classification
Title
remarks
novel
A Dream of Red Mansions[3]
--
poetry
"The Legend of Tiduncheng's Pipa Walk"[1]
Scatter lost sentences and retain remaining sentences
It was in the early 1920s that The Story of the Stone (also known as A Dream of Red Mansions, from the current popular name, hereinafter referred to as A Dream of Red Mansions) entered the study of early banknotes.In 1920, when Lu Xun wrote A Brief History of Chinese Fiction, all the quotations in A Dream of Red Mansions were taken from the preface of Qi Liaosheng and the movable type version of Cheng Gaomu. It can be seen that Lu Xun had paid more attention to the money version than the high version of Cheng.In 1927, Hu Shi bought the "Jiaxu edition", and in February of the following year, he published the Textual Research on the Red Mansions
A Dream of Red Mansions, an ancient Chinese novel in chapter style, is one of the four classical Chinese classics. It is generally believed to be written by Cao Xueqin, a writer in the Qing Dynasty.The novel takes the rise and fall of Jia, Shi, Wang and Xue families as the background, the rich son Jia Baoyu as the perspective, and the love and marriage tragedy of Jia Baoyu, Lin Daiyu and Xue Baochai as the main line. It depicts the life styles of a group of boudoir beauties whose behavior and insight are above their eyebrows, and shows the true beauty of human nature and tragedy
Chinese Academy Dream of Red Mansions
Author nameCao Xueqin
Work time2007-5
A Dream of Red Mansions: One Hundred Refined Reviews
Author nameCao Xueqin
Work time2019-9
A Dream of Red Mansions, the first of the four classical Chinese classics, is universally recognized as the classic of Chinese classical novels.A Dream of Red Mansions: A Hundred Schools of Fine Criticism is based on Cheng Yiben. The famous scholars Chen Wenxin and Wang Wei collected representative comments on the famous furniture of the Red Mansions in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China to entertain the readers.Cao Xueqin (about 1715 - about 1763), named Zhan, named Mengruan, named Xueqin, also named Qinxi and Qinpu, was a famous litterateur and novelist in the Qing Dynasty."Born in prosperity, ended in ruin
A Dream of Red Mansions: Large Version of Ancient Illustrations (Volume I and II)
Author nameCao Xueqin
Dream of the Red Chamber: Recommended Books for Extracurricular Reading of the Chinese Syllabus for Middle Schools of the Ministry of Education (hardcover)
Author nameCao Xueqin
Work time2000-9
A Dream of Red Mansions is a great novel in ancient China, which is known as one of the four famous works of Chinese classical literature.The whole book has 120 chapters. The first 80 chapters are written by Cao Xueqin (1716-1764?), a great novelist of the Qing Dynasty, and the last 40 chapters are continued by Gao Jia, an outstanding novelist of the Qing Dynasty (whose birth and death years are unknown).
Dream of Red Mansions: 4 volumes (in box)
Author nameCao Xueqin
Work time2016-1-1
Dream of the Red Chamber: Accessible Reading Collection
Author nameCao Xueqin
Work time2017-3
Dream of Red Mansions: Rare Embroidery Collection (Volume IV)
Author nameCao Xueqin
Work time1999-9
With rich ideological content, outstanding artistic achievements and profound cultural implications, A Dream of Red Mansions is the most outstanding chapter novel in the history of Chinese literature and the treasure of Chinese culture.Since it came out in the middle of the 18th century, it has been exerting a wide influence on our social life.As early as the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, there was a popular folk saying in Beijing that "it is futile to read all the poems and books without talking about the Dream of Red Mansions".The study of "A Dream of Red Mansions" and its author, even into
Dream of Red Mansions: proofread
Author nameCao Xueqin
Work time1995-1-1
This book is annotated by Zhang Jun, Nie Shiqiao, Zhou Jibin, etc. under the guidance of Professor Qigong. It has lasted for more than five years, and is full of the efforts of literary giants, with high academic value.
Dream of the Red Chamber: Studio Edition (hardcover)
Author nameCao Xueqin
Dream of Red Mansions: Full Review of Zhiyanzhai
Author nameCao Xueqin
Work time2018-1
A Dream of Red Mansions is a Zhang Hui novel written by Cao Xueqin, a writer in the Qing Dynasty.Zhi Yanzhai is an important commentator of A Dream of Red Mansions. His comments are called "Zhiping" or "Zhipei" in the field of Redology, and manuscripts with Zhiyanzhai's comments are called "Zhiben".There are nearly ten versions of the existing Zhibian manuscript series, including Jiaxu, Gengchen, Jimao, Mengfu, Jiachen, Qixu, Liecang, Jingcang, and so on, with different characters.A Dream of Red Mansions (full review of Zhiyanzhai) published this time
Dream of Red Mansions: the latest embroidery version (top and bottom)
Author nameCao Xueqin
Work time2010-7-1
Weng Ziyang will present a cover drawing with 2 beautiful collection tickets and 2 postcards.Taking the love tragedy of Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu as the main clue, A Dream of Red Mansions vividly exposes the decay of the feudal family and the inevitable collapse of the feudal system through the description of the decline process of Jia, Wang, Shi and Xue families represented by the Jia family."A Dream of Red Mansions" describes more than 400 characters and shapes many artistic models. Its ideological and artistic quality has reached unprecedented levels
Dream of Red Mansions - (Up and Down)
Author nameCao Xueqin
Work time2007-4
A Dream of Red Mansions is an encyclopedia of the feudal society at the end of China, a mirror and epitome of the whole social life in the first half of the 18th century.The novel takes the rise and fall of Jia, Shi, Wang and Xue families as the background, and the love tragedy between Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu, the young feudal aristocrats, as the main line. It describes the tragic fate of many characters centered on Jia Baoyu and a group of women in the Red Mansions, and widely and profoundly exposes and criticizes all kinds of hypocrisy, cruelty, corruption and degeneration in the feudal society
Dream of Red Mansions - New Curriculum Standard of Four Famous Novels for Teenagers - Accessible Reading of the Original Footprint, Annotation of Phonetic Words, National Super Teacher Feng Shujuan, Collection of New Famous Novels and Innovative Test Questions for the High School Entrance Examination
Author nameCao Xueqin
Dream of Red Mansions - Journey to World Famous Books
Author nameCao Xueqin
Work time2000-1
Baoyu's thought is mainly anti feudal. He opposes people dying to study in order to become officials.When he said that men were made of mud and women were made of water, it implied that the feudal rulers were vulgar and dirty men, while the innocent victims were women.Many beautiful and kind-hearted girls in Dream of Red Mansions, such as Daiyu, Yingchun, You Erjie, Xiangling, were persecuted to death by unreasonable marriage;Others like Qingwen, Zijuan, Fangguan, Yuanyang, etc. are sold as Ya
Dream of Red Mansions - Four Masterpieces for Children
Author nameCao Xueqin
Work time2009-1
The main content of Four Famous Books for Children: A Dream of Red Mansions (Zhuyin Version): Due to historical reasons, language barriers and length, many children cannot appreciate the essence of our national culture.In order to make Chinese classics accessible to children's readers, we have adapted the original works. In addition to retaining the essence of the original works, the four major classics after adaptation have also become plain and easy to understand.In addition, after carefully designing the characters and scenes in the famous books, I believe that children will
Dream of Red Mansions - Accessible Reading (Student Edition)
Author nameCao Xueqin
A Dream of Red Mansions -- New Reading of Chinese Studies for Students
Author nameCao Xueqin
Dream of Red Mansions - Literary Classics that Influence Children's Life
Author nameCao Xueqin
The Dream of Red Mansion,ISBN：9787537632188，Author: (Qing Dynasty) Cao Xueqin, Gao E
A Dream of Red Mansions -- a must read series for the new Chinese curriculum/recommended by the Ministry of Education
Author nameCao Xueqin
Work time2017-1-1
A Dream of Red Mansions is a great work with a high degree of ideology and artistry. It takes the rise and fall of Jia, Shi, Wang and Xue families as the background, portrays various characters from royal nobles to peddlers and footmen, and profoundly reflects the social reality at that time.Through the love tragedy of Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu, it reveals the inevitability of the demise of the feudal family.Cao Xueqin (about 1715 - about 1763) has a name of _, the word Mengruan, and the names of Xueqin, Qinpu, Qinxi
Dream of Red Mansions - compulsory reading of new Chinese curriculum standards - guided reading version
Author nameCao Xueqin
Work time2010-1
A Dream of Red Mansions (Guide Edition) takes the love and marriage tragedy between Jia Baoyu, Lin Daiyu and Xue Baochai as the main line, describes the rise and fall of four families represented by the Jia family, and reveals various complicated contradictions of the feudal family.It shows the corruption and degeneration of feudal marriage, morality, culture and education, shows the typical living environment of the extremely broad feudal society, and reflects the historical trend of the inevitable collapse and decline of that society.Cao Xueqin (about 1715 -
Dream of Red Mansions - Comments on Zhiyanzhai (Volume I and II)
Author nameCao Xueqin
Work time2007-2
A Dream of Red Mansions is a literary masterpiece that Cao Xueqin, an ancient Chinese writer, spent ten years of painstaking efforts to forge.It shows a broad social background and depicts the customs and customs of Chinese society at that time through the careful portrayal of more than 400 vivid characters.This literary masterpiece has greatly improved the level of creation of Chinese classical novels. Therefore, together with Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Outlaws of the Marsh, and Journey to the West, it is known as one of China's four classical masterpieces
Dream of Red Mansions - Chinese classic comic strip
Author nameCao Xueqin
Work time2007-1
A Dream of Red Mansions is the greatest classical literature masterpiece with the greatest literary achievements in China, the peak of Chinese classical literature creation, and the best full-length novel in the history of Chinese literature. It is the cultural treasure of all mankind.This book tells the story of the rise and fall of the four families of "Jia, Shi, Wang and Xue" in the form of comic strips, showing a broad vision of social life, which is rich and colorful, including a variety of secular human feelings.
Dream of Red Mansions - Basic Collection of Chinese Families, Drama and Novel Volume (3 volumes in total)
Author nameCao Xueqin
Work time2006-1
A Dream of Red Mansions is a masterpiece of classical literature with the greatest literary achievements in China. It is the pinnacle of Chinese classical literature creation and the cultural treasure of all mankind.Through the description of the prosperity and decline of the four major families, "Jia, Shi, Wang, Xue", it shows a broad vision of social life, diverse, including colorful secular human relations.It is said that "A Dream of Red Mansions" contains the historical capacity of an era and is an encyclopedia of the end of feudal society.A Dream of Red Mansions was originally called The Story of the Stone
Dream of Red Mansions - Phonetic Version - Knowledge Treasure that Must Be Learned and Watched
Author nameCao Xueqin
Work time2009-12
The main content of the Knowledge Treasure of Must Learn and Must See - A Dream of Red Mansions (Phonetic Version): Literature has no borders, and they are all the crystallization of human wisdom.Different language expressions show the same world, interpret the beauty of the same human nature, and contain the same true philosophy.When they collide, they will become the most perfect private school in modern society.Stepping into it, we will feel beauty, truth and the same rhythm with people all over the world
Accessible reading of four famous works: Dream of Red Mansions
Author nameCao Xueqin
Work time2014-4-1
This book is one of the four famous works in ancient China (Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Outlaws of the Marsh, Journey to the West, Dream of the Red Chamber). It belongs to a chapter style novel. Its original names are Stone Story, Love Monk Record, Fengyue Treasure Book, Twelve Hairpins in Jinling, etc.It is a great novel in ancient China and one of the world's literary classics.The Encyclopedia of China commented that the value of A Dream of Red Mansions cannot be overestimated.Comments on Encyclopedia Britannica
A series of extracurricular compulsory books of the new Chinese curriculum for primary school students: Dream of Red Mansions
Author nameCao Xueqin
Zhi Yanzhai Revisited the Stone Record: Gengchen Ben
Author nameCao Xueqin
Zhi Yanzhai's Commentary on Stone: Jiaxu Edition
Author nameCao Xueqin
Chinese Classics - Four Masterpieces
Author nameCao Xueqin
Work time2007-7
Five thousand years of Chinese history is also the history of Chinese civilization.It is like a rich and bright cultural treasure house, providing wisdom and strength for future generations.The four great classical literary masterpieces of China are the crystallization of the wisdom of the Chinese nation, and also the pearl in the history of Chinese literature. For hundreds of years, they have been loved by the masses of the people, become well-known works, and have had a profound impact on Chinese culture.
Classic compulsory reading of new curriculum standard for primary and secondary school students: Dream of Red Mansions
Author nameCao Xueqin
Work time2016-1-1
A Dream of Red Mansions describes the story of a large feudal noble family from prosperity to decline.The love tragedy of Jia Baoyu, Lin Daiyu and Xue Baochai is the central clue of this story.The author does not directly express this love tragedy, but excavates the social root of this love tragedy from the depth of the characters' thoughts and personalities and from the relationship between people, thus fully exposing the cruelty and hypocrisy of feudalism and the corruption and evil of the feudal ruling class.Do
"Born in prosperity, ended in decline".Cao Xueqin's family history went from flower to brocade, and suddenly fell into a state of decline and decay, which made him deeply experience the sorrow of life and the ruthlessness of the world, and also get rid of the vulgarity and narrowness of the original class. He saw the irreversible decline of the feudal noble family, but also brought disillusionment and sadness.His tragic experience, his poetic emotion, his spirit of exploration, and his sense of innovation are all cast into A Dream of Red Mansions.[17]
Cao Xueqin loves life and has a sense of fantasy. He has entered and emerged from the world, which is Cao Xueqin's contradiction in exploring life.Cao Xueqin is notWorldwearismHe doesn't really believe that everything in the world is empty, nor does he really see through the world of mortals. He really wants to persuade people to wake up from the so-called dream of dust, otherwise, he won't painfully shed bitter tears for the sorrow of the world, and won't be emotionally so persistent in the reality of life.It is with a deep feeling and his own personal experience that he writes about the addiction to entering the world and the yearning for birth, the truth of life and the common yearning for liberation, and the contradictory emotional world and real life experience.[17]
Bronze statue of Cao Xueqin (created by Zhu Weijing)
In the first chapter of the opening volume of A Dream of Red Mansions, there are two prefaces by the author.In these two prefaces, Cao Xueqin clearly expressed his literary thoughts and principles of creation by telling himself the origin, experience and experience of writing.[4]He first criticized those formulaic, conceptualized, and unrealistic creation tendencies, and believed that such creation was far less "fresh and unique" than the works created "according to their own circumstances", and that those works that "are not close to each other and contradict each other" were "not as good as the women I have seen and heard in my whole life","If you are sad and happy at the end of your life, you will follow the trail again and dare not dig a little, but you will lose the true biographer for the purpose of offering people's eyes".He does not rely on any historical story or any folk creation, but directly draws on real social life. "Every word seems to be blood", permeates the author's personal feelings of blood and tears.The works "describe truthfully without concealment", maintaining the diversity of real life and the richness of phenomena.From the various character relationships, it shows the absurdity, weakness, isolation and decline of the rich family.The characters he wrote broke the past writing method of "narrating good people is totally good, and bad people is totally bad", "the characters described are all real characters", making the characterization of ancient novels complete the transformation from typology to personalization, and shaping typical characters.Cao Xueqin perceives life with the poet's sensitivity, focuses on his own life experience, consciously creates a poetic mood, and makes his works graceful and implicit, which is so vivid and hard to reach.Instead of condescending to adjudicate life, setting up a moral court, and making a righteous judgment on personnel in the past novels, he wrote the characters' hearts shaking, incomprehensible psychology, unavoidable bitterness and warmth of life, and let readers taste the taste of life.[17]
In June 2011, "The Legend of Cao Xueqin in the Western Hills" was included in the third batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists.These public praise materials are numerous, and stories and legends cover a wide range, including Cao Xueqin's personality, life experience, experience, relatives, friends, how Cao Xueqin wrote A Dream of Red Mansions, Cao Xueqin's residence, and how Cao Xueqin helped the poor.This confirms that under the eaves of the Niangniang Temple of Siwang Mansion near Zhengbaiqi Village, there are still traces of the story of A Dream of Red Mansions.[23]
"The ancient locust trees with crooked necks in front of the gate and the wild celery plants in the small bridges and streams", which has long been circulating in the Xishan area, is exactly consistent with the statement that the author of Dream of Red Mansions said that he lived in the place of "Step Liu Tinghua" and Zhang Yiquan wrote that the residence of Cao Xueqin was "the mountains and rivers in front of the gate for painting and the flowers and birds in front of the hall for singing",So many scholars infer that the Zhengbai Banner Camp of the Qing Dynasty, where Cao Xueqin Memorial Hall was located in Beijing, is the place where Cao Xueqin lived and wrote A Dream of Red Mansions.The Zhengbai Banner Camp in that year had complete regulations. The buildings were built in rows, and different buildings had different use functions. For example, the archives were used to store household registration files and distribute food and salaries, and the University Square was the place where the children in Zhengbai Banner Camp received education.[23]
Indulgence poem wine
Dunmin and Duncheng's poems record Cao Xueqin's story of indulging in poetry and wine.On a rainy morning in autumn, Duncheng went to visit the Huaiyuan Garden of Dunmin Residence (located at the bank of Taiping Lake in the southwest corner of the inner city) and met Cao Xueqin by chance.Because it was still early and the master was not awake, they went to the wine shop together to drink.Dun Cheng released the sabre wine to cheer up. Cao Xueqin thanked him by singing when he was drunk. Dun Cheng also wrote the "Sabre Wine Song" to answer it.[1]Another time, Dun Min and Dun Cheng took some bottles of good wine to visit Cao Xueqin in the West Mountain, picked melon flowers for cooking, and Dun Cheng had“Melon flower drinking is fun”Sentence.
Husley
In A Dream of Red Mansions, several guests came to Jia's house. When Cao Xueqin wrote about this, he wanted to satirize them by name, so he named one of them "Huslai".But many people don't know what this "Husley" is.In fact, this is a kind of fruit in Xiangshan area.This kind of fruit is grafted from apples and betel by local people. It looks very beautiful, but it tastes very dry. It is only suitable for dressing in a fruit dish.Fan Zhibin said: "It is said that Cao Xueqin knew about this fruit in Xiangshan, and the name given to the pilgrims means that they are people with bright appearance but no inner feelings."[24]
Fair old man
Fan Zhibin recalled that there was an old man in his 90s at the top of Xiangshan Mountain. He saidJia BaoyuKuaAssaultIt is the origin of "fair old man"."Justice Laoer" is actually a kind of plant, and people in Xiangshan area like to plant it.However, planting it is not for harvest, but to draw a clear boundary.Some people like to take advantage of cheap land. They dig more in other people's houses every year when they plow, but they don't admit it when they are found.But with the "fair old man", we can see where the boundary is and who the land should be.Because of its deep roots, it is not easy for people who love small things to dig away.So the local people call this plant the most "fair"."Cao Xueqin once lived on the top of the mountain, so he may be the 'righteous old man' he knew at that time. It's a pity that we wanted to find this old man again the next year, but we learned that he had passed away."[24]
High medical ethics
according toKong XiangzeThe old man said that in the early 1970sWu EnyuSir, goBaijiatuanDuring the interview, I heard a villager say that there was a doctor in Qianshan (Xiangshan) Banner who often gave free medical services to the poor. At first, he borrowed tables and chairs from an empty temple in the south of the mountain for medical services, and later moved to Qiaoxi.Mr. Shu Chengxun once said to Mr. Kong thatIndigo factoryThere were many pharmacies, and Cao Xueqin often went to these pharmacies to fill or dispense medicines for patients.Kong also said that Xue Qin had cured many stubborn diseases for many poor people, and people praised him for his excellent medical skills and noble medical ethics.
Kongkong Temple
Yang YiHe has lived in Taizhouwu near Baijiatuan for a long time. He once wrote the article "Nalan Xingde, a famous poet in the Qing Dynasty", which said: "There was a small temple at the foot of the mountain in the south of Cao Xueqin's Baijiatuan residence. There was a temple with an area of about 10 square meters. Because there was no god idol and memorial tablet in the temple, it was empty, and the local people called it" Empty Temple ".This temple was demolished when leveling the land in the late 1970s and early 1980s... Although there is no written record, judging from its shape and location, it should be classified as a mountain temple.The building age has not been verified.Some people think that this' empty temple 'may be related to the' empty Taoist 'written at the beginning of Cao Xueqin's Dream of Red Mansions. "
Yongzhong's Dream of Red Mansions novel Hanging Snow Celery due to Ink Fragrance
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Hongxue Contention
Announce
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Who is Qin
On Cao Yong's posthumous son
Portrait of Cao Xueqin
Cao Xueqin was the first person who proposedCao JunThe posthumous son isLi XuanboHe said: "(Cao Ting)'s wife Ma Ma, who is pregnant in July, should be born in May and June. In the fifty fourth year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi and the twenty seventh year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong, if the deceased was a man in the forty seventh year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi, it would be a sign of Duncheng's poem," Forty years of life pays for death ", or Xue Qin?" Yan WeiqingWang's sharp weaponWang Qixi supports the "posthumous child theory".[2]
Other bases for the "posthumous child theory":
(1) Rank: Bao YuweiJia MuCao Xueqin is also the grandson of Cao Yin;
(2) Birthday: Baoyu's birthday is April 26, which is consistent with the historical fact that Ma was pregnant for nearly nine months and delivered (according to:[26]"October pregnancy" refers to nine months and ten days, 40 weeks in total, and generally 37 weeks after deliveryTerm, from 28 weeks to less than 37 weekspremature delivery）；
(3) Age: when the Zhen family had an accidentZhen BaoyuHe was fourteen years old. In the fifth year of Yongzheng's reign (1727), Cao Xueqin was twelve years old when the Cao family had an accident, and thirteen years old when he was copied the next year[9]；
(4) Experience: Cao Xueqin experienced the old dream of family prosperity before he was 13 years old, which is consistent with the author's self preface "experienced some dreams";
(5) Background: The end of the Jia Family coincided with the end of the Cao Family at the end of the Kang Dynasty and the beginning of the Yong DynastyMiss Luo Yu fengI missed the grand event of Kangxi's southern tour, so I can only listenMammy ZhaoWait for the elder to report.[4]
On Cao Fu's Son
Cao Xueqin's father is Cao FuHu Shi。He said, "After Cao Yin died, Cao Ting took over the weaving job. By the 54th year of Kangxi, Cao Ting either died or was replaced because of something, so Cao Fu, the second son, went on to do weavingHome Affairs OfficeTherefore, in the Genealogy of the Clan, Cao Yin is only called the general political envoy, and Cao Fu is calledYuanwailang。But in A Dream of Red MansionsJia ZhengHe is also the second son. He is also a member of the Yuan Wailang.These three layers are consistent with Cao Fu.So we can think Jia Zheng is Cao Fu;Therefore, Jia Baoyu is Cao Xueqin, Cao Fu's son, and this layer is easier to understand. "Later, Zhou Ruchang decided that Cao Xueqin lived only 40 years according to a poem in Duncheng's "Cure Cao Xueqin", and proposed that he should have been born in the second year of Yongzheng's reign (1724).[2]
Debate over the year of death
Nonwu said
That is to say, Cao Xueqin died on the eve of Renwu New Year in the 27th year of Qianlong (February 12, 1763 Gregorian calendar).according toZhiyanzhaiOf《Zhi Yanzhai Revisited the Record of Stone》（Jiaxu Version）Hu Shi proposed that Cao Xueqin died on the New Year's Eve of the Renwu Year.critic、Wang PeizhangOthers also agree with this view.[27]
Guiwei said
Statue of Cao Xueqin
That is to say, Cao Xueqin died on the New Year's Eve of Guiwei in the 28th year of Qianlong (February 1, 1764 Gregorian calendar)[28]。According to Dun Min's poem "A Little Poem Sent to Cao Xueqin on behalf of Cambodia" written in Guiweinian in Maozhai Poems, since Dun Min invited Cao Xueqin to his home to drink and enjoy the spring, Cao Xueqin could not have died in Renwu.Dun Cheng wrote a poem called "Cure Cao Xueqin", which was completed at the beginning of Jiashen. The poem said in a small note: "A few months ago, Yi lost his life and became ill due to grief." Zhou Ruchang verified that in the 28th year of Qianlong's reign (1763), smallpox broke out in the capital, and Cao Xueqin's young son was infected with acne. He was unable to seek medical advice and died young.There is historical evidence that the smallpox incident in Beijing this year, and Duncheng and Dunmin's family were killed by smallpox.Dun Cheng once said: "The smallpox and epidemic disease in Yanzhong, the children are half wasted." At the same timeJiang ShiquanThe poem also wrote: "Between March and April and October, there were seven thousand children out of nine doors. Don't count the number of people suffering from smallpox in the suburbs. Ten families were born with one or two babies!" This shows the seriousness of the epidemic.In the second poem of "Cure Cao Xueqin", Dun Cheng once said, "In three years, I felt sorry for myself, but I failed to cure my illness." Cao Xueqin lost his beloved son, became ill with grief, and finally died.[27]Wu Enyu、Wu ShichangSupport "Guiwei Saying"[2]。
Discrimination of race and genus
Manchu theory
Statue of Cao Xueqin
Cao Xueqin's AncestorCao Xiyuan, as early asLater GoldDuring the period, he joined the Manchu nationality and was subordinate to ManchuriaZhengbai Banner。By Cao Xueqin's generation, the Cao family had lived in the Manchu for more than 100 years.Whether from Cao Xueqin himself or from his book A Dream of Red Mansions, we can find countless links with Manchu culture.Cao Xueqin should be a Manchu, or Manchu.[29]
After the Cao family ancestors were captured, they naturally married with the Manchu people and had Manchu blood.Cao Yin's two daughters, Cao Xueqin's two aunts, were married to Manchu princes respectively, and one of them, "Princess Ping, who is suitable for setting up a red flag"Nersu”, another "Prince Shi escorts me".From the early Qing Dynasty to the Kangxi Dynasty, intermarriage between Manchu and Han was strictly prohibited, so this marriage undoubtedly showed that the Manchu identity of the Cao family had been recognized by the Qing Dynasty.Cao Family joined Manchu nationality and gotqianlong emperor The Cao family was included in the Qianlong period《Eight Banners Manchu Clan Genealogy》Middle.In addition《Jiangnan Tongzhi》It clearly recorded that the Cao family was from Manchuria.[29]
Han nationality theory
Emperor Kangxi in Cao YinheLi XuPlease let the Manchu people and the Manchu people temporarily sign the memorial of the salt transport envoy, and reply: The transport envoys of Huaihe River and Huaihe River are very related, so the Jiuqing will choose, and it has been intended;However, Manchuria has never been used as an envoy. This is not the case.In the seventh year of Yongzheng's reign, in order to make up for the shortage of three banners of the Inner House, the Internal Affairs Office asked the emperor to appoint Cao Yi, the military academy under the leadership of Shang Zhi Shun Zuo, who had been on duty for 33 years. He was the son of Cao Erzheng, the former assistant leader, and was a Han.[29]
Dispute over ancestral home
Shenyang said
Epitaph of Cao Cemetery in Shenyang[30]
In May 2012, the epitaph of Cao Fu was unearthed in Shenyang.Cao Fuyuan, a general of Huaiyuan, Shenyang Zhongwei in the Ming Dynasty, died in 1485, the 21st year of Chenghua.Cao Fu and his son Cao Ming are the descendants of Cao Jun, the ancestor of Cao Xueqin.Their names also appeared on the donation list of Rebuilding the Monument of Chang'an Temple in Shenyang in the 23rd year of Chenghua (1487). In the inscription, their positions at that time were marked as "Shenyang Central Guard Commander".[30]
"Narration on Cao's Genealogy in Liaodong" says: "(Cao) Jun, who was awarded the commander with merit, granted the general Huaiyuan, conquered Liaodong, transferred Jinzhou to defend, and then transferred Shenyang Zhongwei, is a noble family." Cao Jun was transferred to Shenyang Zhongwei during the Hongwu (1368-1398) period of the Ming Dynasty. His descendants, from Cao Fu, Cao Ming, to Cao Xueqin's fifth ancestorCao XiyuanIt has lived in Shenyang for more than 200 years.Therefore, from the narrow definition of ancestral home, Cao Xueqin's ancestral home is in Shenyang.[31]
《Eight Banners Manchu Clan Genealogy》Volume 74: "(Cao Xiyuan) lived in Shenyang for generations." This is the imperial archives of the Qianlong period. It is absolutely authoritative, error free, and more effective than any other evidence.[32]
Cao Family's Genealogy (The Book Shadow of "Eight Banners Manchu Clan Genealogy")
Cao Xiyuan was a junior officer stationed in Shenyang, Liaodong, in the Ming DynastyLater GoldIn the sixth year of Tianming's reign (1621), he was attached to ManchuriaZhengbai BannerFor coating.About the fifth year of Qingshunzhi (1648), the son of Cao XiyuanCao Zhenyanalong withDorgon Entry.[31]
The reason why scholars misunderstand Shenyang as Liaoyang is that they know little about the geography of Liaodong.In fact, Liaoyang not only refers to Liaoyang County (prefecture, prefecture, city), but also the whole Liaodong area including Shenyang is commonly known as Liaoyang.There is a book about the Book of Songs in the Qing Dynasty. There is a woodcut map in it, which is called "Liaoning Province" and "Liaoyang Province". It can be seen that Liaoyang was a big place name in the Qing Dynasty.Therefore, in his later years, Zhou Ruchang gave up the theory of abundance and Liaoyang and changed to the theory of Shenyang.[32]
Liaoyang said
Feng QiyongIt said: "Xue Qin's ancestral home is Liaoyang. It is recorded in the family history, in the genealogy, in the literature, and in the stele, although it can't be moved for ever."[33]Liu ShideSort out 17 pieces of information about "Liaoyang Theory".Qianlong's "Zhejiang General Annals" Volume 122: Cao Zhenyan, born in Liaoyang, Fengtian.Qianlong's "Datong Mansion Annals" Volume 21: Cao Zhenyan, a native of Liaodong.Jiaqing "Shanxi General Annals" Volume 82: Cao Zhenyan, a native of Liaoyang, Fengtian.Kangxi's Shangyuan County Annals, Volume 16: Biography of Cao Xi: written in Xiangping (i.e. Liaoyang).The beginning of each volume of Cao Yin's "Melia Pavilion Poem Banknote" is written by Cao Yinzi in Qianshan, another name of Liaoyang.[2]
Tieling said
Li Fengzuo, a Tieling scholar, believes that Cao Duangguang, the distant ancestor of the Cao family, was naturalized in Tieling, Liaodong from Fengrun in the early Ming Dynasty. Cao Jun, the son of Duangguang, won the military post with military merit. He has been in eastern Liaoning successively through Duangguang, Jun, Sheng, Zhi, Kou, Zuo, Kou, Fu, Shixuan for nine generations. In the third year of Tianming, Nurhachi captured eleven castles, including Sancha'er Fort, in Tieling, and Cao Shixuan was captured as a "coat" of the upright white flagSlaves.[33]
Fengrun theory
In May 1931,Li XuanboThe paper "A New Examination of Cao Xueqin's Family History" was published in the Palace Museum Weekly. Based on You Dong's "Preface to Songzi's Poems" and Qianlong's "Fengrun County Annals", it was proposed that Cao Yin, Cao Xueqin's grandfather, "is a brother of the same family as Cao Chonggu in Fengrun, Hebei". It was the first time that Cao Xueqin's ancestral home was in Fengrun.In September 1953, Zhou Ruchang《New Certificate of Dream of Red Mansions》In the third chapter of the book, Native Place and Origin, the first section, Fengrun People, and the second section, Liaodong Prisoners, it is comprehensively demonstrated that Cao Xueqin's ancestral home is in Fengrun District, Tangshan City, Hebei Province.[33]
Wuyang Jinxian said
In April 2010Zhejiang LibraryFind the "genealogy of Cao family in Wuyang, Nanchang" during the reign of Kangxi.It is recorded in the book that since the second year of Yongle, the ancestor Bo Lianggong went northward from Wuyang, Yuzhang, to the younger brother of Xunwu, living in Fengrun Xianning, and Tielingwei, Liaodong. Wuyang is the birthplace of Xunwu's ancestors.In other words, Wuyang is the source of Fengrun and Liaodong Cao Family.Zhou Ruchang also said that the real and exact root of Cao Xueqin is Wuyang Ferry in Nanchang.[33]
In Jiangxi, there is also the theory of "promoting talents",Hu DepingHe once found the "Yu Zhang Cao Family Tree", that is, the Cao Family Tree of Jinxian.Cao Xiaoqing is the Jiangxi ancestor of Cao Xueqin.[33]
Author Dispute
The author said
Cao Xueqin wrote A Dream of Red Mansions, which has historical evidence and self evidence.Historical evidence refers to the historical data verified by Hu Shi, Zhou Ruchang and others, and self evidence refers to the first preface and signature of the author of the original work.Cao Xueqin is the only one connected with the title of the book "Twelve Hairpins in Jinling", the self inscribed poem "Full of absurd words on paper", the creation of "five times in ten years", and the author's room number "Mourning the Red Pavilion".To establish Cao Xueqin's copyright, it is enough to have the author's signature in the text as a witness.As for the string of names in front of Cao Xueqin, there are other implications: first, it is a blind tactic to list a bunch of vests to prevent the risk of literary inquisition (it has proved that this tactic is quite effective, both fooling the Qing government and the Suoyin Sect);The second is self modesty. Cao Xueqin collected the great achievements of Chinese traditional culture and created A Dream of Red Mansions on the shoulders of the five thousand year old sages. The history of the Jia family in his works has absorbed the essence of the twenty-five history, so he is self modest, "reading, adding and deleting", to show that he dare not covet the merits of heaven for himself, and dare not covet the merits of the ancient sages for himself. "Although I don't learn, I write without writing"The self modesty of the performance is consistent;The third is to become a saint. Cao Xueqin signed his name and attached it to the myth of Nuwa mending the sky. Stone and Kongkong Taoist are mythical images. Kong Meixi in the East Shandong Province teased the descendants of the sage of Kong in the East Shandong Province (that is, Yan Shenggong), so as to build a path of inheritance from heaven to man, from myth to reality, and strengthen the sanctity of "The Story of Stone" under the command of heaven.[4]
The Suoyin experts lack understanding of the author's preface and signature in the first chapter of the original work. They use the methods of guessing and echoing to find out as many as 65 authors besides Cao Xueqin, such asHongsheng、Wumei Village、Pioneering Xinjiang、Gu Jingxing、Yuan Mei、Cao Fu、Cao YongAnd other unheard of characters were drawn to be the authors of A Dream of Red Mansions. The elements of hype, entertainment and joking are greater than those of seeking truth, truth and truth.Hu WenbinThe teacher criticized that he only saw some so-called contradictions in A Dream of Red Mansions, and said that the author was not Cao Xueqin, which was in pursuit of novelty and the impetuosity of the times. The voice of the real researchers was ignored.
Non author said
In the Qing Dynasty, the author of A Dream of Red Mansions was always a mystery.Mr. Hu ShiYuan Mei"Xue Qin wrote a novel A Dream of Red Mansions, recording the prosperity of the moon and wind. There is a record of the so-called Grand View Garden, that is, the rest of the garden", which proves that Cao Fu is the archetype of Jia Zheng, and deduces the conclusion that Cao Xueqin is the archetype of Jia Baoyu, and thus concludes that he is the author of A Dream of Red Mansions.Since the 1980s, Cao Xueqin's copyright has been questioned by Dai Bufan and other red scholars.In particular, historical data discovered in recent years have confirmed that when Cao Xueqin was about 12 years old in 1727, Cao Fu was dismissed from his post and sent to prison for crimes such as being short of money and harassing the post office. In 1728, when Cao Xueqin was 13 years old, the Cao family was copied and moved to Beijing with his family. He had no chance or possibility to live a rich and elegant life like Jia Baoyu.The comments of Zhi Yanzhai said that the stories of the Grand View Garden were all "the author once, the reviewer once", "some people, some things", "Sister Feng ordered the play, and Zhi Yanzhai wrote", "the past is actually written, but not edited", "the author and Yu actually experience",Jiaxu Version《General》It also emphasizes that the novel is the author's own experience.Hu Shi's assertion lost its cornerstone, and Cao Xueqin's copyright was denied by many researchers.
"Reevaluation of Stone by Zhiyanzhai": "Delete Qinxi"
According to the Records of the Cao Family Weaving in Jiangning, Cao Xueqin's grandfather Cao Yin's eldest daughter married the imperial concubine and Kangxi made a tour to the south（ZhiyanzhaiIt is said that the prosperity of the Jia family in the novel "cooking oil with fire, flowers with brocade, and bustling to the unbearable fields" is a matter of the Cao family's previous generation, and Cao Xueqin cannot "ever" before he was born.Historical data prove that Mr. Hu Shi's original judgment was wrong, and Cao Xueqin's evidence as the author is contradictory. Researchers believe that the original author "Shi Shi" has another person, and Cao Xueqin is just a "reviewer of additions and deletions" and "messenger".
In the historical data, Yuan Mei called Cao Xueqin the author of A Dream of Red Mansions, but he also said that Xue Qin was the heir of Cao Yin, who was famous for writing poems in Nanjing（Cao Fu）。In addition, the readers who call Cao Xueqin the author do not know Cao Xueqin. Cao Xueqin's friends have not said that he wrote A Dream of Red Mansions. Zhang Yiquan, a friend, solemnly introduced Cao Xueqin twice in elegiac poems such as "Hurt the Celery Creek Residents": "He is open-minded, good at drinking, and good at poetry and painting", "His artificial poems are good at painting", praised his poems and paintings twice, but did not say that he can write novels.[34]
Zhi Yanzhai also praised Cao Xueqin for his good poems and waited for him to fill in the broken poems at the end of the 22nd chapter of the novel, but he never praised Xueqin for his good novels, instead of constantly praising the author for his good novels of "Stone", "Brother Shi" and "Brother Yu".In Zhiyan's criticism, "Xue Qin" and "the author" are completely different, and there is a comment saying: "The stone is the author's ear." Zhi Yanzhai dominated the novel creation, while Cao Xueqin was in a passive position.For example, in the 24th chapter, I wrote a paragraph about Drunken King Kong, which wrote that Drunken King Kong lent money to Jia Yun and was extremely generous. Gengchen Ben said: "In the past 30 years, I have met many people who are like King Kong, and many people who are not as good as King Kong. Unfortunately, it is not convenient to note taboos on the book. I am not worried about it." The reviewer did not have the heart to note the names of the real people he has experienced in his novels.[35]The last batch of the 13th Hui Dynasty: "Qin Keqing died of prostitution in Tianxiang Building, and the author wrote it in history. I asked Sister Feng's family for two things because I had a soul, and I was in peace, honor and honor. Although the matter was not leaked, the meaning of its words was very sad and convincing. My aunt pardoned it, and ordered Qin Xi to delete it." Those who criticized it called the author "brother", but they used the word "life" for Xue Qin, obviously Cao Xueqin was not the author.[35]
Yu Rui's Jujube Window Leisure Pen: Xue Qin's comments, additions and deletions five times
Yu Rui, a Qing Dynasty man who knows Cao Xueqin's appearance《Date window idle pen》There are more detailed records in: Jia Baoyu's prototype is not Cao Xueqin, but "someone from his uncle's generation", "Yuan, Ying, Exploring, and Cherishing are all from my aunt's generation".Other historical data confirm that Cao Xueqin did have two aunts who were princesses. Xiao Shi's "Continuation of the Yongxian Record" records: "Yin, Zi Qing... Both women are princesses." Yu Rui also wrote:“《Stone Story》, I don't know who wrote it.Cao Xueqin got it, so the narrator in the book is slightly similar to his family's deeds. Because of the use of the title, he deleted the book to five times... more and more strange.I once saw the volume of the transcript, which was commented by his uncle Zhi Yanzhai, citing that his story was very accurate in that year, and he was named "A Dream of Red Mansions".[36]Ming Lin, Yurui's uncle, is Cao Xueqin's close friend. According to Yurui's records, Cao Xueqin is positioned as the reviewer who "reviewed the Dream of Red Mansions for ten years, added or deleted five times", making the novel "more and more strange", which can solve all the contradictions in Cao Xueqin's copyright evidence.
The original text before the revision of The Dream of Red Mansions proves that the author can't pronounce Beijing dialect accurately. For example, "Ning Ke" is written as "Neng Ke", "blink of an eye" is written as "Zhanyan", "Zhuan" is written as "Duan", "Zi" is written as "Yes", "Touch" is written as "Jump", "Don't want to jump on a drunk", "Du" is written as "Duo", "How old are you?"Wait, it shows that the original author is not proficient in Beijing dialect.[35]
Honorary President of China Red SocietyLi XifanMr. Cao Xueqin was worried about the copyright of Cao Xueqin: "If we don't make any big moves at the 300th anniversary of Cao Xueqin's birth, Cao Xueqin may not be the author of A Dream of Red Mansions by next year."[37]
Character evaluation
Announce
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Cao Xueqin
Zhou Ruchang"Cao Xueqin's life is unusual, full of ups and downs and brilliant. He is pleasing, courteous, and highly appreciated. He is also misunderstood, slandered, and excluded by the secular world. He has the philosophies of Lao and ZhuangQu Yuan"Sao" indignationSima QianShi Cai, yesGu KaizhiHis painting skills and "crazy"Li Yishan、Du MuElegant and talented, andLi Guinian、Huang FanchuoHis talent in music and drama... He has both rich and poor life experiences, honors and disgraces, ups and downs, separation and joys and sorrows, as well as the extraordinary splendor of the integration of various cultural characteristics of Manchu and Han, Jiangnan and Jiangbei.So I say he is a representative image of Chinese culture. "[18]
Hu Deping"The British say they would rather lose the British Isles than Shakespeare. Cao Xueqin andShakespeare、CervantesSimilarly, the torch of literature is used to give people true feelings, warmth and courage to bid farewell to the old system. "[19]
Cai YijiangCao Xueqin is one of the greatest writers in China.His position and achievements in the history of world literature are comparable to those of ShakespeareGoethe、Balzac、Pushkin、TolstoyNone of them are inferior.[20]
Zhang Qingshan: Cao Xueqin is the greatest writer in China. He deserves to be remembered and commemorated by the Chinese people.Because he is《The Dream of Red Mansion》The author of is a symbol of Chinese culture.Because of Cao Xueqin and A Dream of Red Mansions, Chinese people will not be embarrassed when facing Shakespeare, Balzac, Pushkin, Tolstoy and other world literary giants.Because Cao Xueqin's Dream of Red Mansions, with its profound thought, exquisite art and eternal charm, can be comparable to any literary classic in the world, and it is always standing in the world literatureMount QomolangmaIt is the pride of the Chinese nation.[20]
Commemoration for future generations
Announce
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Memorial Venue
Beijing Xishan Scenic Area
Cao Xueqin Memorial Hall（Huangye Village）: Located at No. 39, Zhengbaiqi Village, Wofosi Road, Xiangshan, Haidian District（Beijing Botanical Garden), completed and opened in April 1984.Fu Jie inscribed the plaque.The building in the museum centers on the 12 Qing Dynasty style barracks Cao Xueqin lived in that year, and is divided into five exhibition rooms in the east and west: bedroom;Study;Stereo model;Fragments of the original wall poems and bookcases;A material object that reflects customs.[41]
Cao Xueqin's Former Residence in Xishan[15]
Cao Xueqin's Hometown in Xishan: It is located in the east of Beijing Botanical Garden, Wofosi Road, Xiangshan, Haidian District.With Cao Xueqin Memorial Hall as the core, it is divided into six functional areas, namely, Plant Culture Park, Cao Xueqin Museum Area, Cao Xueqin Memorial Hall Area, Cao Xueqin Memorial Park, and Red Mansion Culture Expo Area.Mainly based on historical materials and field visits, the historical sites of the year were excavated and found near the former residence of Huangye Village, and gradually restored on the basis of respecting history, so as to reproduce the life scene and cultural characteristics of the Zhengbai Banner Camp of the year.[42]
Cao Xueqin Path: It is located in the east of Hongfenglin Mountain Villa, Baijiatuan Village, Wenquan Town, Haidian District. It was completed and opened during the "National Day" in 2008.Starting from the Memorial Hall of Cao Xueqin, it passes through Donggou Village, Wofo Temple, Cherry Valley and SanzhuxiangBaijiatuan VillageWith a total length of 6.6km.There are more than 20 historical and cultural relics along the way, such as the diversion canal of the Qing Dynasty, Cherry Valley Yuanbaoshi, Baijiatuan small stone bridge, Prince Yixian Temple, Wuhua Temple, etc.[43]
Nanjing Cao Xueqin Memorial Hall
Nanjing Cao Xueqin Memorial Hall
Located at 217 Guangzhou Road, NanjingWulongtan ParkIt was completed and opened to the public in September 1997.[44]
Nanjing Jiangning Weaving Museum
Jiangning Weaving MuseumLocated at No. 123, Changjiang Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, it was officially opened to the public on May Day in 2013.[45]
Liaoyang Cao Xueqin Memorial Hall
It is located at the east of Xiaoshizi Street Crossing, west of the old city of Liaoyang, in the courtyard of Wu Mansion (i.eWu EnpeiHomestead), completed in August 1997Feng QiyongInscribe the name of the museum.The statue of Cao Xueqin is carved in the memorial hall.[46]
Memorial unit
National Cao Xueqin Cultural Development Alliance of Dream of Red Mansions
Exhibition to commemorate the 200th anniversary of Cao Xueqin's death
From August 17 to November 17, 1963Zhou EnlaiPrime MinisterChen YiUnder the kind care of the Vice PremierWenhua HallMinistry of Culture, All China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, China Writers Association andthe palace museumJointly hosted a series of large-scale activities such as the "Exhibition to Commemorate the 200th Anniversary of Cao Xueqin's Death".[49]
General Meeting to Commemorate the 250th Anniversary of Cao Xueqin's Death
On November 24, 2013, the "250th Anniversary Conference and Academic Seminar to Commemorate the Death of the Great Writer Cao Xueqin" closed in Langfang, Hebei Province.Chinese Society of Dream of Red MansionsMinistry of CulturePrince Gong HouseThe Management Center and Xinyi Group jointly hosted the event.Activities include academic seminars, the Dream of Red Mansions themed calligraphy and painting exhibition, and the unveiling of the statue of Cao Xueqin.Feng QiyongLi Xifan、Hu Deping、Yueyue RiverMore than 120 Redology experts and scholars from all over the country conducted a two-day academic discussion on the themes of "Reviewing, Recalling, and Looking Forward to the Great Writer Cao Xueqin", "A New Vision of Redology", and "Contemporary Communication of the Dream of the Red Chamber".[50]
Commemorating the 300th anniversary of Cao Xueqin's birth
From April to December 2015, cultural performances, Cao Hong cultural exhibitions, academic forums and other commemorative activities were held, forming the activity layout of "one main venue, two routes", namely, Beijing Haidian main venue, domestic cultural tours, and overseas cultural tours.[51]
On October 30, 2015, the "300th Anniversary Meeting of Cao Xueqin's Birthday" was held in Xueqin Square, Cao Xueqin Memorial Hall, Beijing Botanical Garden.The conference launched five highlights: relevant leaders of national ministries and commissions, Beijing Municipality and Haidian District, many "Cao Xue" and "Hongxue" experts, and the main creator of the 87 version of "Dream of Red Mansions"Wang Fulin、Deng JieJin Lili and others gathered at the scene;Beijing Tianjin Hebei joint commemoration;Sun Longchun donated books and handicraft collections related to the Dream of Red Mansions to Beijing Cao Xueqin Society;The special exhibition for the 300th anniversary of Cao Xueqin's birth was unveiled;The Legend of Music in a Dream of Red Mansions was staged under the ancient locust tree in Huangye Village.[51]
Gold coin for the 300th anniversary of Cao Xueqin's birth
In October 2015, Sun Wenhua's Painting of Jinglong Suit (Qing Dynasty) jointly launched by Cultural Heritage Publishing House and FLTRPCheng JiabenA Dream of Red Mansions, a collection of pictures and texts, was unveiled at the 10th Beijing International Cultural ExpoBeijing International Exhibition CenterIn the main exhibition hall, the calendar of "A Dream of Red Mansions", Xueqin South Wine, Cao's kite notebook, the stamp album of "A Dream of Red Mansions", the environmental protection cloth bag of Cao Xueqin Memorial Hall, Sun Wen's painstakingly painted "A Dream of Red Mansions" and postcards (Vale), and the twelve hairpin art color plates of "A Dream of Red Mansions" are also on display.[52]
On October 24, 2015, Beijing Cao Xueqin Society, Taiwan Dream of Red Mansions Research Association and Taiwan Hard Stone Creative Co., Ltd. jointly held a series of commemorative activities in Taipei Huashan 1914 Cultural and Creative Industrial Park, including the awarding ceremony of Taiwan Dream of Red Mansions Industry Alliance and the "Twelfth Dream" cultural and creative exhibition;At the same time, the art salon of Dream of Red Mansions also made a wonderful appearance, and red scholars on both sides of the Taiwan Straits shared their research results on the same occasion.[53]
Cao Xueqin Culture and Art Festival
The 5th Cao Xueqin Culture and Art Festival in 2014
Cao Xueqin Culture and Art FestivalIt is a brand cultural activity jointly organized by Beijing Cao Xueqin Society, Beijing Botanical Garden, Beijing Cao Xueqin Memorial Hall and other units, with the theme of Cao Xueqin and the culture of Dream of Red Mansions, and the purpose of promoting China's excellent traditional culture.The festival was founded in 2010 and is held once a year.By promoting the traditional Chinese culture represented by Cao Xueqin's Dream of Red Mansions, more people can deeply understand the traditional Chinese culture and enhance cultural self-confidence.Chen Mingjie, Director of the Organizing Committee of Cao Xueqin Culture and Arts Festival, said, "In the context of the country's strong advocacy of returning to traditional culture and promoting cultural prosperity, promoting traditional culture, like promoting national cultural values, needs to work together with the government and private forces to persistently promote" Redology "and‘Cao Xue’These series of images of Chinese culture with important cultural values. "[54]
