Heliocentric system

The theory that the sun is the center of the universe and that the earth and other planets revolve around the sun

The heliocentric system refers to the theory that the sun is the center of the universe, and the earth and other planets rotate around the sun, also known as the "heliocentric geodynamic theory" or“ Heliocentric theory ”。

Chinese name: Heliocentric system
Foreign name: heliocentric system

Meaning: Think the sun is the center of the universe
Also called: Heliocentric geodynamic theory

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Introduction to Theory

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heliocentric system

It is the cosmological system proposed by Copernicus. In the third century BC, the ancient Greek scholar Alistark had this view, but it has not been further developed. Over the next 1000 years, Ptolemy's Geocentric system It occupies a dominant position in Europe.

Heliocentric theory

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Until the 16th century, Polish astronomer Copernicus, after nearly 40 years of hard research, on the basis of analyzing a large number of data in the past and his own long-term observations, systematically proposed the heliocentric system in the "Theory of Celestial Motions" published in 1543. stay Ptolemy geocentric system Each planetary motion contains a one year cycle, but it cannot be reasonably explained. Copernicus believed that the earth is not the center of the universe, but an ordinary planet. The sun is the center of the universe. The annual cycle of planetary movement is a reflection of the earth's annual revolution around the sun. Other contents of Copernicus system are: ① Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn all revolve around the sun at a uniform speed in a circular orbit, just like the earth. ② The moon is a satellite of the earth. It rotates around the earth once a month in a circular orbit centered on the earth, and at the same time rotates around the sun with the earth. ③ The earth rotates once a day, and the sky does not actually rotate. Because of the earth's rotation, the sun, the moon and the stars rise in the east and fall in the west every day. ④ The distance between the star and the sun is very far, much greater than that between the sun and the earth. Copernicus once listed many names of ancient scholars who advocated the rotation of the earth and the revolution of planets around the sun. He carried forward the ideas of these scholars, tried his best to establish the heliocentric system with scientific arguments through hard observation and mathematical calculation. Later observational facts have continuously confirmed and developed this theory. Due to the level of scientific development at that time, Copernicus' theory also had shortcomings and errors, which were: ① regarding the sun as the center of the universe, in fact, the sun is only the central celestial body of the solar system, not the center of the universe; ② The old concept that planets move at a uniform speed in a circular orbit is followed. In fact, the orbits of planets are elliptical, and the motion is not uniform.

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After Copernicus, Italian thinker Bruno believed that the sun was not the center of the universe, and there was no "star sky". He boldly put forward the correct view that the universe was infinite and there was no center. German astronomer Kepler Completely abandoned the concept of the current wheel and the average wheel of the Ptolemy geocentric system, and clearly pointed out that the orbit of the planet movement is elliptical, and the sun is located on a focus of the ellipse, thus solving the problem of uneven speed of the planet movement. Bruno and Kepler's views are an important development of the heliocentric system.

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