synonymSun Earth Relations Observatory(Two solar exploration satellites jointly developed by NASA and Johns Hopkins University) generally refers to the Sun Earth Relationship Observatory
On October 26, 2006, two almost identical "Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory" (STEREO) satellites wereDelta-2 Rocket fromCape CanaveralLaunch.The STEREO satellite program isNASA(NASA)'s "Solar Earth Exploration Program" (STP), the main task is to exploreCoronal mass ejectionThe origin, evolution and position in interstellar space."Solar Earth Relationship Observatory" is an astronomical term.The program lasts for two years, with a total budget of 460 million dollars, of which 60 million dollars are from European partners[1]。
The "Sun Earth Relationship Observatory" isastronomyProper nouns.The Chinese translation of astronomical proper nouns from the Chinese Astronomical Terminology Commission, and the copyright of the translation of entries and Chinese and English interpretation data are owned by the Astronomical Terminology Commission.
The "Solar Earth Relations Observatory" is the third mission in NASA's "Solar Earth Exploration Program" (STEREO), which costs 520 million dollars to develop and launch two nearly identical unmanned solar exploration spacecraft.For the first time, the spacecraft will obtain the three-dimensional image of the sun from outside the earth orbit, take photos, track and track the space weather disturbance between the sun and the earth for the first time, determine the position of the interplanetary shock wave continuously through the radio triangulation positioning method for the first time, and determine the position of the interplanetary shock wave continuously, and take photos of the solar activity for the first time!?Field measurement of high-energy particles within the scale of astronomical unit Field measurement[1]。
Observation orbit
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According to the relative positions of the launch and final orbits, the two satellites of the STEREO plan are named as A and B, and there are some differences between them due to different orbits: A is closer to the sun than B, the sun covered disk of the satellite borne coronal observatory is slightly larger than B, and has higher requirements for heat protection than B.
The STEREO-A and B satellites were launched at the same time. It took several weeks to gradually extend the small distance and fly in formation one after the other.One month later, the two satellites met the moon and separated from the earth with the help of the moon's gravity.A. The tiny distance difference between the orbits of the two stars causes their different flight orbits: Star B flies completely away from the Earth and enters the orbit around the sun;On the other hand, Star A met the moon for the second time after flying in a small arc orbit around the earth for six weeks, and then entered the orbit around the sun again.
It is estimated that the two satellites will take three months to reach the observation position.The orbit of satellite A is slightly smaller than that of the earth, and it flies in the position prior to the earth, with an orbital period of 347 days;The orbit of Star B is slightly larger than that of the Earth, and it flies behind the Earth, with an orbital period of 387 days.Because of this orbital difference, they will gradually move away from the earth in the opposite direction during flight.After completing the initial mission, the two satellites will fly to the positions on both sides symmetrical to the sun[2]。
Diurnal observation instrument
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STEREO satellite adopts the best equipment among NASA's observation satellites for the sun.Both satellites carry a group of coronal observatories and imagers that are the same as those of the "Solar and Heliospheric Observatory" (SOHO) satellite. The real-time observation data generated by these instruments are sent back to the Earth, and then the researchers synthesize them into 3D images.
The instruments loaded by STEREO satellite include: Solar Earth Relationship Corona and Heliosphere Observatory (SECCHI);STEREO wave meter (SWAVES);Particle/coronal mass ejection in-situ measurement instrument (IMPACT);Plasma and ultra hot particle composition analyzer (PLASTIC).SECCHI consists of several different telescopes, which are used to take real-time pictures of coronal mass ejection.SWAVES is used to observe the radio signals generated by the vibration waves generated when the coronal mass ejection passes through the solar wind, and three antennas are used every 0Record these signals once in 5s.IMPACT and PLASTIC will sample the coronal mass ejection and analyze its material composition, while IMPACT will also measure the magnetic field of the coronal mass ejection[2]。
SECCHI
It includes four instruments: one far ultraviolet imager, two white light coronal observatories and one heliosphere imager.Its main task is to obtain the corresponding images of the whole process of the coronal mass ejection from the sun's surface, through the corona, through the interstellar environment to the final impact on the Earth, so as to study the evolution process of the coronal mass ejection.
SECCHI observes the corona in two modes: ① it simulates the solar eclipse to generate a disk to cover the sun, and observes the corona from the circular astigmatism of the disk; ②Use the far ultraviolet imager to image the ultraviolet light generated by the corona[2]。
SWAVES
It is a set of interplanetary radio storm tracker, including radio signal receiver, low-frequency receiver, fixed frequency receiver, time domain sampler and antenna system (composed of three pairs of mutually perpendicular, 6m long monopole antennas).Its main task is to track and interfere with the process of radio signal transmission between the sun and earth orbit[2]。
IMPACT
It consists of seven instruments, namely, the solar wind electronic analyzer, the super hot electron telescope, the magnetometer, the solar electron and proton telescope, the super hot ion telescope, the low energy telescope and the high energy telescope.Among them, the first three instruments are installed at a length of 4A 5m satellite "mast" is used to form a "device on the mast".They will study electromagnetic fields, solar wind electrons and super hot electrons.The other four instruments constitute the "solar energy ion subsystem", which is installed on the surface of satellite stars.They will measure electrons, protons and heavy ions from tens of kiloelectron volts to 100 MeV, and provide plasma characteristic data of high-energy particles and local vector magnetic fields in the solar system[2]。
PLASTIC
It is used to provide plasma characteristic data of protons, alpha particles and heavy ions[2]。
Task and significance
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STEREO satellite program is mainly to study coronal mass ejection and solar high-energy storm particles.Coronal mass ejection (CME) is a huge magnetic mass of hundreds of millions of tons, which is not only the material origin of the active particle swarm in the solar system, but also the strongest explosion phenomenon in the solar system.Coronal mass ejection (CME) is extremely harmful to space activities, and the high-energy storm energy generated by CME will convert tens of billions of tons of solar atmospheric material into about 1The speed of 6 × 106km/h is sprayed into interstellar space.The collision of these substances with the Earth's magnetosphere can cause serious magnetic storms, endangering the safety of orbiting satellites and astronauts, so it is a very harsh space environment faced by human space activities.
In the past, mankind's understanding of space was flat, and it was impossible to know whether the threat was approaching the earth or flying away from the earth, nor the origin, evolution, structure and extended space scope of CME.STEREO mission will study the nature and cause of coronal mass ejection in 3D stereo imaging for the first time, which is of great significance for improving the safety of human space exploration[2]。
Supplementary notes
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The English Chinese Astronomical Terminology Database (hereinafter referred to as the "Astronomical Thesaurus") is established byChinese Astronomical SocietyAstronomical terminology database compiled and maintained by the Astronomical Terminology Commission (hereinafter referred to as the "Thesaurus Commission").The ownership of the database belongs to the Chinese Astronomical Society[3]。
