synonymChengde(prefecture level cities under the jurisdiction of Hebei Province) generally refers to Chengde City (prefecture level cities under the jurisdiction of Hebei Province)
Chengde, also known as "Rehe", isHebei ProvinceJurisdictionPrefecture level cityHebei Province approved by Hebei Provincial GovernmentInternational tourism cityFirst batchNational Historical and Cultural City, connecting Beijing, Tianjin, Liaoning and Inner MongoliaRegional central city[1]。By 2023, the whole city will have jurisdiction over 3 municipal districts, 4 counties, 3 autonomous counties, and 1 county-level city in custody[2]With a total area of 39511.89 square kilometers and a permanent population of 3.3022 million.[49][51]
In the 42nd year of Kangxi's reign (1703),Kangxibuildthe Imperial Mountain Summer ResortAnd became the second political center of the Qing Dynasty.In the reign of Emperor Yongzheng (1723)Rehe Hall。In the 11th year of Yongzheng's reign (1733),YongzhengTaking the meaning of "inheriting the virtue of the ancestors", the word "Emperor inherits the virtue of heaven" means that the ancestors inherited the virtue of heaven and earth to nurture all things, and set up ChengdeZhili PrefectureIt was originally called "Chengde".The Republic of China and the early days of liberationRehe The provincial capital.In 1955, the organizational system of Rehe Province was abolished, and Chengde was incorporated into Hebei Province as a provincial city.In 2012, Chengde was rated as one of China's "Top Ten Features"Leisure City”；In November 2016, Chengde was awarded the title ofThe second batch of national tourism demonstration areas；In October 2017, Chengde City was selectedNational Forest City。
In 2023, the regional GDP of Chengde will be 185.17 billion yuan, up 5.6%.[48]
Chengde has a long history and rich multi-ethnic historical and cultural connotation. According to the textual research of unearthed cultural relics, Chengde area is as early as the Central PlainsLongshan CultureThere are traces of human activities in this period.
Yuan dynasty、the Ming dynasty, genusBeiping Mansion(now Beijing)Kharqin、Ongniud 、chahar Mongolian nomadic land.untilQing DynastyIn the early years, Rehe Shangying (now Chengde urban area) has never set up a central or local management organization, and is a small village that "does not hold the title of the party".
Puning Temple
Qing DynastyKangxiIn the 42nd year (1703), the Qing government built hereA temporary imperial palaceThe population is growing day by day.The 47th year of Kangxi (1708)Rehe PalaceThe beginning of its use marks that Rehe has entered a development period.In the fiftieth year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi (1711), Rehe Shangying was already a big village and town with "physiological farming, gathering people to thousands of families".Since then, in order to meet the need of the emperor to spend the summer in Chengde every year, Mongolian princes, court ministers and some poets and scholars have all rushed to build their residences in Chengde. With the rapid development of Chengde's industry and commerce, the city is crowded with pedestrians, cars and horses are noisy, and there are many restaurants and tea shops.YongzhengIn the first year (1723)Rehe Hall, set in the second yearRehe mainTo unify the civil affairs of East Mongolia.In the 11th year of Yongzheng's reign (1733), Yin Zhen took the responsibility of inheriting his ancestor De Ze, and set up Chengde Zhili Prefecture in Baerhe Hall, which is the origin of the name "Chengde".[47]QianlongSix years (1741),HongliFortunately at the beginningthe Imperial Mountain Summer ResortChengde began to enter a period of prosperity.In the 43rd year of Qianlong's reign (1778), Hongli said in an edict: "I live in Rehe every yearautumn huntingAdvancethe emperor 's lodging when travelingOver the past decades, the household registration has been increasing, people's livelihood has been prosperous, and agriculture and mulberry have been breeding, which has been widely heard in the city."Rehe has been a metropolis for more than 60 years since the Emperor Zu built the mountain villa, and its household registration has been growing day by day."Chengde MansionAt this time, Chengde became another important city second only to Beijingpolitical center, known as Kyoto beyond the Great Wall.At that time, the Emperor of the Qing Dynasty spent almost half a year here to spend the summer holidays and deal with the government affairs, and received the princes of ethnic minorities and foreign envoys.JiaqingFifteen years (1810)Rehe Metropolitan Bureau。brilliance of virtueSeven years later (1827), the civil and military officials of Jehol were under the jurisdiction of the Metropolitan Bureau of Unification, and their positions were the same as those of the governor and governor sent by the imperial court.Revolution of 1911, abolish the government system.
Chengde Ancient Architecture
Republic of ChinaThree years (1914)Rehe Special Zone。Reconstruction in the 17th year of the Republic of China (1928)Rehe Chengde is the capital of Rehe Province.In the 22nd year of the Republic of China (1933), Chengde was occupied by Japanese invaders and the puppet Manchuria Special Administrative Region was established.In the 34th year of the Republic of China (1945), Chengde was liberated. In September of the same year, preparations were made for its establishmentChengde Municipal People's GovernmentIn November, Chengde Municipal People's Government was officially established.In August of the 35th year of the Republic of China (1946),the kuomintangThe army occupied Chengde.
In the 37th year of the Republic of China (1948), Chengde was liberated again, under the jurisdiction of Jehol Province, and became the capital of Jehol Province.
In 1955,Rehe Chengde City was transferred to Hebei Province after its organizational system was cancelled.
On March 15, 1960, Chengde city and prefecture merged.
In May 1961, Chengde was divided into prefectures and cities.
In January 1984, Chengde was changed into a provincial city.
On July 1, 1993, Chengde city and prefecture merged.
In 1958,Chengde CountyThe organizational system was cancelled and incorporated into Chengde City.
In 1960, Chengde City governed the urban area, Xiaban urban area, Longhua County, Weichang County, Fengning County, Luanping County, Xinglong County, Qinglong County and Pingquan County.
In 1961, there were Cuiqiao District, Hongqiao District, Shuangta Mountain Area, Hongshiluan Working Committee and Shuangfeng Temple Working Committee in Chengde.
In February 1965, Yingshouyingzi, Shouwangfen and Maquanzi were reclassified to Chengde City and Yingshouyingzi mining area was re established.
Luanping Town, Changshanyu Town, Zhangbaiwan Town, Hongqi Town, Jingoutun Town, Hushiha Town, Bakshiying Town, Pingfang Manchu Township, Anchungoumen Manchu Township, Fuyingzi Township, Xiaoying Manchu Township, Xigou Manchu Township, Dengchang Manchu Township, Wudaoyingzi Manchu Township, Mayingzi Manchu Township, Fujiadian Manchu Township, Huodoushan Manchu Township, Liangjianfang Township, Laowa Township, Datun Manchu Township
Longhua County
Anzhou StreetLonghua TownHanmaying Town, Zhongguan Town, Qijia Town, Tangtougou Town, Zhangsanying Town, Tangsanying Town, Lanqi Town, Bugugou Town, Guojiatun Town, Huangdi Township, Zhangjiying Township, Maojingba Township, Yinjiaying Manchu Township, Miaozigou Mongolian Manchu Township, Pianpoying Manchu Township, Shanwan Township, Badaying Mongolian Township, Taipingzhuang Manchu Township, Jiutun Manchu Township, Xiachao Manchu Mongolian TownshipBaihugou Manchu Mongolian Township, Jianfang Township, Hanjiadian Township, Wangoumen Township
Fengning Manchu Autonomous County
Dage Town, Datan Town, Yuershan Town, Tucheng Town, Huangqi Town, Fengshan Town, Bolono Town, Heishanzui Town, Tianqiao Town, Humaying Town, Wanshengyong Township, Sichakou Township, Sujiadian Township, Waigoumen Township, Grassland Township, Kulongshan Township, Xiaobazi Township, Wudaoying Township, Jiangjunying Town, Xuanjiangying Township, Xiguanying Township, Wangying Township, Beitouying Township, Shirengou Township, Tanghe TownshipYangmuzhaizi Township
Kuancheng Manchu Autonomous County
Kuancheng Town, Longxumen Town, Yuerya Town, Bancheng Town, Tangdaohe Town, Xiluotai Town, Nianziyu Town, Liangjiatai Town, Huapi Liuzi Town, Songling Town, Tashan Township, Mengziling Township, Dushigou Township, Huajian Township, Donghuanghuachuan Township, Weizigou Township, Dazigoumen Township, Dashizhou Township
Weichang Manchu and Mongolian Autonomous County
Weichang Town, Siheyong Town, Kelegou Town, Qipanshan Town, Banjieta Town, Chaoyangdi Town, Chaoyangwan Town, Yaozhan Town, Longtoushan Town, Xinpo Town, Yudaokou Town, Chengzi Town, Daobazi Township, Huangtulkan Township, Sidaogou Township, Lanqi Kalun Township, Yinwogou Township, Xindi Town, Guangfayong Township, Yutaihe Township, Guojiawan Township, Yangjiawan Township, Dahuangqi Township, Hariha TownZhangjiawan Township, Baoyuanzhan Township, Shanwanzi Township, Sanyiyong Township, Jiangjiadian Township, Xiaqufang Township, Yangebo Township, Pailou Township, Laowopu Township, Shizhuzi Township, Datoushan Township, Nanshanzui Township, Xilongtou Township
geographical environment
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Location context
Chengde City is located in the northeast of Hebei Province, ranging from 40 ° 12 ′ to 42 ° 37 ′ north latitude and 115 ° 54 ′ to 119 ° 15 ′ east longitudeNorth ChinaandnortheastThe connecting transition zone between the two regions is close to Beijing and Tianjin, back-to-back to Mongolia and Liaoningqinghuangdao、TangshanTwo coastal cities andZhangjiakou CityAdjacent to Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the northChifeng City、Xilingol LeagueAdjacent, the city spans 269 kilometers from north to south and 280 kilometers from west to east.The administrative area is 39511.89 square kilometers, accounting for 21.19% of the total area of Hebei Province.
Chengde City
topographic features
The terrain of Chengde City descends from northwest to southeast, and the northwest is located inInner Mongolia Plateau——Bashang PlateauIn the region, the altitude is between 1200m and 2000m.
Chengde belongs to the monsoon climate zone, and the change of wind direction has obvious seasons.Although affected by mountainous terrain, the changes caused by filtering out local factors still have their dominant characteristics.From December to February in winter, northerly wind prevails, and from June to August in summer, southerly wind prevails. Spring and autumn are the conversion seasons of these two kinds of air flows. Spring is close to summer, and autumn is close to winter.In addition to calm wind, the annual maximum wind directions are southwest and northwest.The annual average wind speed is 1.4 to 4.3 m/s, and 3.3 to 4.3 m/s above the dam.There are 11 to 63 strong wind days in the whole year.Fengning、Paddock、Longhua、Chengde CountyThere are many windy days, with 63 to 93 days in the most years.116 days on the dam.
The temperature in Chengde gradually increases from west to east, and the annual average temperature is 9.0 ℃.The annual variation characteristics of average temperature are: the temperature increases month by month since February, the average temperature in the hottest month in summer is 23.0 ℃, and there is no hot season, forming a good summer environment.The temperature began to drop in August, and the average temperature of the coldest month in winter was - 10 ℃.Annual rainfall402.3 to 882.6 mm, 627.1 to 882.6 mm in the south, up to 1500.2 mm and at least 298.0 mm;501.0 to 609.1 mm in the middle, 923.8 mm at most, 206.8 mm at least;402.3 to 515.4 mm in the north, 885.6 mm at most and 249.0 mm at least;411.6 to 514.0 mm on the dam, 627.9 mm at most and 298.8 mm at least.Wuling MountainandQilaotu MountainThe windward slope forms two rainy areas in our region due to the topographic effect.The distribution of rainfall is characterized by seasonal changes with distinct dry and wet boundaries. The rainfall from March to May in spring is 55.5-74.7 mm, accounting for 10% to 12% of the annual rainfall;The rainfall from June to August in summer is 241.5 to 542.4 mm, accounting for 56% to 75% of the annual rainfall;The autumn rainfall is 66.4 to 102.1 mm, accounting for 14% to 16% of the annual rainfall;There is little rain and snow in winter, which is 1% to 3% of the annual rainfall.
The annual water production of Chengde is 3.76 billion cubic metersBeijing Tianjin Tang DynastyOf important water supply sources (accounting forpanjiakou reservoir 93.4% of the total annual inflowMiyun reservoir 56.7% of the total water inflow).The forest land area accounts for 43.4% of Hebei Province, the grassland area accounts for 40%, and the forest coverage rate is 48%.
mineral resources
Chengde is the largest production base of edible fungi in North China and an important production base of traditional Chinese medicine in North China.98 kinds of minerals have been found and 50 kinds have been developed and utilizedPanzhihuaExternal largeVanadium titanium magnetiteResource base, 357 million tons of proven vanadium titanium magnetite resource reserves, and ultra-low vanadium titanium magnetiteResources7.559 billion tons.The gold output ranks first in Hebei Province,molybdenum, silver, copper, lead, zinc, granite, marble and other resources.
population
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A corner of the city
According to the data of the seventh population census, as of 0:00 on November 1, 2020, the total population of Chengde City was 3354444, a decrease of 118757, or 3.42%, compared with 3473201 in the sixth national population census in 2010.Among them: 1700675 men and 1653769 women, with a sex ratio of 102.84%.County and city conditions: 358431 people in Shuangqiao District, 187361 people in Shuangluan District, 54730 people in Yingshouyingzi Mining Area, 340579 people in Chengde County, 271628 people in Xinglong County, 268647 people in Luanping County, 347707 people in Longhua County, 326353 people in Fengning Manchu Autonomous County, 240579 people in Kuancheng Manchu Autonomous County, 423676 people in Weichang Manchu and Mongolian Autonomous County, 135375 people in Chengde High tech Industrial Development Zone,399378 people in Pingquan City.There are 1236849 family households and 35303 collective households in the city, with 3175335 family households and 179109 collective households.The average population of each household is 2.57, 0.66 fewer than the sixth national population census in 2010.Among the 12 counties (autonomous counties), cities, districts and high-tech zones, there are 6 counties and urban areas with a population of more than 300000, 3 counties and urban areas with a population between 200000 and 300000, 2 counties and urban areas with a population between 100000 and 200000, and 1 county and urban area with a population less than 100000.Among them, there are 735897 people in the municipal districts (Shuangqiao District, Shuangluan District, Yingshouyingzi Mining Area, High tech Industrial Development Zone), accounting for 21.94% of the city's population.Among the city's population, 1700675 are male, accounting for 50.70%;The female population is 1653769, accounting for 49.30%.The sex ratio of the total population (100 women, male to female ratio) was 102.84, a decrease of 2.64 percentage points compared with 105.48 of the sixth national population census in 2010.Among the city's population, 594157 people aged 0-14, accounting for 17.71%;2022493 people aged 15-59, accounting for 60.29%;The population aged 60 and above is 737794, accounting for 21.99%, of which the population aged 65 and above is 472399, accounting for 14.08%.Compared with the sixth national population census in 2010, the proportion of people aged 0-14 increased by 0.34 percentage points, the proportion of people aged 15-59 decreased by 9.82 percentage points, the proportion of people aged 60 and above increased by 9.46 percentage points, and the proportion of people aged 65 and above increased by 5.49 percentage points.Among the city's population, there are 429263 people with college education or above;The population with high school (including technical secondary school) education level is 424606;The population with junior high school education is 1253568;The population with primary education level is 931597 (the people with various educational levels above include graduates, dropouts and students in various schools).
By the end of 2023, the total permanent population of Chengde will be 3.3022 million, 18.7 million fewer than the end of the previous year.The urbanization rate of permanent residents was 59.12%, 1.05 percentage points higher than that at the end of last year.There were 16700 births and 50400 deaths throughout the year.The natural population growth rate was - 4.05 ‰, down 1.04 thousandths of a point from the previous year.[51]
By the end of 2021, the permanent population of Chengde will be 3.3363 million, 18.1 million fewer than the data of the seventh population census in 2020 (3.3544 million). The permanent population will rank the tenth among 11 prefecture level cities in Hebei[33]。
In 2023, Chengde's GDP will reach 185.17 billion yuan, an increase of 5.6% over the previous year.Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 43.03 billion yuan, up 4.5%;The added value of the secondary industry was 58.68 billion yuan, up 6.1%;The added value of the tertiary industry was 83.46 billion yuan, up 5.7%.The proportion of the three industries is 23.2:31.7:45.1.[51]
In 2023, the general public budget revenue of Chengde will be 13.4 billion yuan, an increase of 8.1% over the previous year.The general public budget expenditure was 46.95 billion yuan, an increase of 7.6% over the previous year.The added value of private economy was 113.11 billion yuan, an increase of 6.6% over the previous year, 1 percentage point higher than the growth rate of the city's GDP.The added value of private economy accounted for 61.1% of the city's GDP, 0.1 percentage points higher than the previous year.In the private economy, the added value of the primary industry was 4.54 billion yuan, up 1.7%;The added value of the secondary industry was 52.82 billion yuan, up 8.4%;The added value of the tertiary industry was 55.75 billion yuan, up 5.1%.The per capita disposable income of the city's residents throughout the year was 29159 yuan, an increase of 7.2% over the previous year.According to permanent residence, the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 41036 yuan, an increase of 6.6% over the previous year.The per capita disposable income of rural residents was 17116 yuan, an increase of 7.2% over the previous year.[51]
primary industry
In 2023, the grain sown area in Chengde will be 4.2796 million mu, the same as the previous year.Among them, 3.4107 million mu of grain, up 0.32%;120800 mu of beans, an increase of 10.42%;Potato 748200 mu, down 2.88%.Vegetable sown area (sown and harvested) was 1.039 million mu, up 2.3%.The sown area of Chinese herbal medicines was 381000 mu, up 6.5%.The sown area of melons and fruits was 39000 mu, up 19.0%.The total grain output was 1.487 million tons, down 0.19% over the previous year. The average grain output per mu was 347.47 kg, down 0.68 kg over the previous year.Among the total grain output, 1.1018 million tons of grain, down 2.04%;20600 tons of beans, up 2.49%;Potatoes (converted into grain) were 364600 tons, up 5.63%.The total output of vegetables and edible fungi was 4.956 million tons, up 4.7%, including 930 thousand tons of edible fungi (dry and fresh mixed), up 6.7%.The total output of Chinese herbal medicines was 231000 tons, down 0.2%.The total output of melons and fruits was 105000 tons, up 16.8%.[51]
In 2023, the output of garden fruits in Chengde will be 1.17 million tons, an increase of 1.3% over the previous year;The output of edible nuts was 220000 tons, down 2.3% over the previous year.Among them, the output of apple was 743000 tons, up 2.5%;Pear production was 127000 tons, down 0.7%;241000 tons of red fruits, down 0.4%;The output of Chinese chestnut and walnut was 193000 tons and 13000 tons respectively, down 2.5% and 1.5% respectively.The output of pig, cattle, sheep and poultry meat was 417000 tons, up 3.78% over the previous year.Among them, the output of pork was 150000 tons, up 3.49%;Beef output was 123500 tons, up 2.55%;The mutton output was 24800 tons, up 2.59%;Poultry meat output was 118700 tons, up 5.65%.Egg production was 100000 tons, down 1.64%;The output of raw milk was 113800 tons, up 7.18%.932900 live pigs, down 5.86%;The number of cattle on hand was 824300, up 4.03%;There were 1078900 sheep on hand, up 0.35%;The poultry population was 21.564 million, down 3.46%.1961500 pigs were sold, up 4.6%;755600 cattle were sold, up 2.11%;1828900 sheep were sold, up 2.05%;82.3855 million poultry were sold, up 2.95%.The aquaculture area is 24000 mu, basically the same as the previous year.The total output of aquatic products was 4000 tons, up 0.1%.[51]
the secondary industry
In 2023, the added value of industries above designated size in Chengde will increase by 8.3% over the previous year.By category, the added value of the mining industry increased by 14.7%, the manufacturing industry by 2.5%, and the power, heat, gas and water production and supply industries by 9.5%.Among the industries above designated size in the whole year, the added value of ferrous metal mining and dressing industry increased by 14.6%, the added value of ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry increased by 2.8%, the added value of food manufacturing industry increased by 12.8%, the added value of agricultural and sideline food processing industry decreased by 5.0%, the added value of wine and beverage manufacturing industry decreased by 1.0%, the added value of power and heat production and supply industry increased by 10.4%, and the added value of equipment manufacturing industry increased by 1.5%,The added value of the pharmaceutical industry dropped by 11.3%.In the whole year, the operating revenue of industrial enterprises above designated size was 177.37 billion yuan, up 5.0% over the previous year;The total profit was 9.75 billion yuan, up 15.0% over the previous year.[51]
In 2023, the sales rate of industrial enterprises above designated size in Chengde will be 99.5%, 1.0 percentage points higher than that of the previous year.Among the output of industrial products above designated size, 368.843 million tons of raw iron ore, an increase of 29.3%;9.076 million tons of pig iron, down 5.1%;8.713 million tons of crude steel, down 7.6%;9.229 million tons of steel, up 6.2%;10.15 million tons of cement, up 7.5%;3930.4 tons of Chinese patent medicines, up 27.1%;29.366 million liters of liquor, up 39.4%.The annual power generation was 31.12 billion kWh, up 14.7%, of which the wind power generation was 14.50 billion kWh, up 6.5%;Photovoltaic power generation reached 2.89 billion kWh, up 21.2%.[51]
In 2023, the added value of Chengde's construction industry will be 10.98 billion yuan, an increase of 7.2% over the previous year.The total amount of contracts signed by general contracting and professional contracting construction enterprises above the qualification level was 30.6 billion yuan, down 0.5% over the previous year.Among them, the newly signed contract amount this year was 15.47 billion yuan, up 0.3%.The completed area of housing construction was 1.175 million square meters, down 19.9%.The completed output value was 5.53 billion yuan, up 10.5% over the previous year.[51]
the service sector; the tertiary industry
In 2023, the total retail sales of social consumer goods in Chengde will be 55.98 billion yuan, an increase of 9.6% over the previous year.By business location, the retail sales of urban consumer goods reached 45.17 billion yuan, up 10.3%;The retail sales of rural consumer goods reached 10.81 billion yuan, up 6.9%.In the whole year, enterprises (units) above designated size achieved 13.71 billion yuan in retail sales of consumer goods, an increase of 12.3% over the previous year.Among the retail sales of commodities above the designated size, the retail sales of grain, oil and food decreased by 0.6%, and that of tobacco and alcohol increased by 14.4%;Clothing, shoes and hats, knitting category increased by 15.4%, daily use category decreased by 0.8%, gold, silver and jewelry category increased by 9.1%, household appliances and audio-visual equipment category increased by 8.6%, Chinese and western medicine category increased by 12.7%, cultural and office supplies category increased by 3.4%, oil and products category increased by 26.3%, and automobile category increased by 12.4%.[51]
In 2023, the balance of various RMB deposits of financial institutions in Chengde City will be 413.41 billion yuan, an increase of 9.6% over the previous year.The balance of household deposits was 333.55 billion yuan, up 12.2%;Deposits of non-financial enterprises reached 41.02 billion yuan, up 4.1%.The balance of various RMB loans of financial institutions was 355.74 billion yuan, an increase of 11.2% over the previous year.Of which, the balance of household loans was 139.9 billion yuan, up 11.3%;The balance of loans to non-financial enterprises and institutions was 215.84 billion yuan, up 11.1%.In the whole year, the city's life insurance premium income was 4.943 billion yuan, down 2.13% over the previous year;The amount of compensation and payment was 1.399 billion yuan, an increase of 9.66% over the previous year.The premium income of property insurance was 2.89 billion yuan, up 9.38% over the previous year;Property insurance claims amounted to 1.972 billion yuan, up 3.65% over the previous year.The premium income of compulsory traffic insurance was 541 million yuan, up 4.57% over the previous year;The compensation amount of compulsory traffic insurance was 368 million yuan, an increase of 23.62% over the previous year.[51]
In 2023, Chengde will receive 84.2139 million tourists, an increase of 410.81% over the previous year;The tourism revenue reached 108.829 billion yuan, an increase of 537.02% over the previous year.[51]
Transportation
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highway
Chengde has roads radiating all around, with 101, 111, 112National HighwayThrough, you can reach Chifeng in Inner Mongolia in the north, Liaoning in the east, Zhangjiakou in the west, Beijing in the southwest, and Tianjin in the southeast.It only takes 2 hours from Beijing to Chengde Jingcheng Expressway.Chengde City builds a comprehensive expressway centered on "one ring road and nine radiations" (one ring road refers to the expressway around the urban area, and nine radiations refer to Beijing Chengde, Chengtang, Chengqin, Chengchao, Chengjin, Chengwei, Chengchi, Chengzhang, Chengping)traffic network To form a transportation hub andMengdongThe coal power energy channel from Liaoxi to Beijing Tianjin Tangshan.Chengde Long distance Bus Station (East Bus Station) has now opened high-grade express buses to Beijing and Shijiazhuang. During the tourist season, there are regular shuttle buses from Beijing and Tianjin to ChengdeCoachreturn.
Chengde Puning Airport（Chengde Puning Airport，IATA：CDE，ICAO：ZBCD），Located behind Xiaoliang, Tougou Town, Chengde County, Chengde City, Hebei Province, China, 19.5 kilometers away from the urban area of Chengde, it is a 4C tourist feeder airport[4]。Chengde Airport is positioned as a domestic tourism and regional airport. Considering that the composition of tourists coming to Chengde is mainly sightseeing, Chengde toShijiazhuang, Xi'anqinghuangdaoHohhot, Shenyang, DalianZhangjiajie, Guilin and other cities.In the long term, Chengde will be increased to Wuhan, Guangzhou, Chongqing, Hangzhou, Luoyang, Qingdao, ShanghaiDunhuang, Kunming and other cities.
social undertakings
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education
By 2023, there will be 6 ordinary colleges and universities in Chengde (2 provincial and 4 municipal), 3459 full-time teachers and 58900 students;There are 25 secondary vocational education schools, with 3201 full-time teachers and 42900 students;137 ordinary middle schools, 16792 full-time teachers and 216800 students;There are 447 primary schools, 18474 full-time teachers and 238100 students.The gross enrollment rate in the first three years of schooling reached 93%, the enrollment rate in the compulsory education stage reached 100%, and the gross enrollment rate in the senior high school stage reached 93.5%.The enrollment rate of school-age disabled children reached 97.2%.[51]
In 2023, there will be 36 new high-tech enterprises in Chengde, 601 national technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises, 2 newly recognized science and technology leading enterprises in Hebei Province, and 1 enterprise listed in the provincial science and technology leading enterprise cultivation library.The turnover of technical contracts reached 4.329 billion yuan.Eight provincial scientific and technological innovation R&D platforms were added throughout the year.[51]
Culture and sports
By 2023, Chengde has 9 radio and television stations, 11 radio programs, 4 medium and short wave transmitting stations and rebroadcasting stations, with a radio coverage rate of 98.41%;There are 10 TV programs, 14 TV transmitting stations and relay stations, and the TV coverage rate is 100%;The number of cable TV users reached 282970, with an occupancy rate of 80.5%.There are 12 cultural centers and 217 cultural stations in the city, with a total collection of 1.249 million public libraries.[51]
National level libraries:Chengde County Library, Luanping County Library[12]
By 2023, Chengde has 42 stadiums, 21 sports schools and amateur sports schools, 1 key sports school and amateur sports school, 60 sports clubs and 169 sports associations.35 characteristic schools of ice and snow sports have been cultivated, 77200 people have been trained and registered with the ski (ice) public level standard certificate, and more than 200 public ice and snow competitions have been held.Our athletes won 99 gold medals, 74 silver medals and 127 bronze medals in provincial and above level competitions.[51]
medical and health work
By 2023, Chengde City has 2893 public health institutions, including 35 hospitals;9676 doctors (licensed doctors and licensed assistant doctors) and 10718 registered nurses in public health institutions;Public health institutions have 23800 beds, including 16100 in hospitals;There are 30200 on-the-job employees in public health institutions, including 24100 health technicians.[51]
social security
By 2023, 932700 urban employees and 1765300 urban and rural residents have participated in basic endowment insurance in Chengde;506000 urban employees were covered by basic medical insurance, and 2.7346 million urban and rural residents were covered by basic medical insurance;317100 people participated in maternity insurance;702300 people participated in industrial injury insurance;375200 people participated in unemployment insurance.44400 new urban employees were employed throughout the year.There were 13800 urban residents and 177200 rural residents with subsistence allowances throughout the year.At the end of the year, there were 124 elderly care institutions with 14100 beds.One social welfare home with 220 beds.[51]
Chengde dialect refers to the main dialect used in Chengde City, Hebei Province.According to the standard of Chinese dialectology, most of Chengde belongs toPeking Mandarin -Huai Chengpian, in phonetics and grammarmandarinCloser.Among them, Luanping County in Chengde City is the place where the national standard pronunciation of Putonghua is collected, and is considered to be the dialect closest to Putonghua.However, Chengde dialect is not completely equivalent to Mandarin.Compared with putonghua, chengde dialect has the characteristics of "shadow doubt mother return to n/ng" and "qing return to shang" increasing significantly;And onnortheastern mandarin 、Jilu Mandarin Under the influence of minority languages, Chengde dialect has retained a large number of native language words and usages.In addition, the dialects spoken in some areas of Pingquan City and Weichang County in the northeast of Chengde City are close to Chifeng dialect, which has the characteristics of low yin level and single pronunciation of compound vowels. Some experts attribute them to Beijing Mandarin-Chaofeng tablet。However, some areas in Xinglong County and Kuancheng County in the southeast of Chengde are greatly affected by the migrants from neighboring Hebei, so the old style dialect has obviousTangshan dialectCharacteristic, GenusJilu Mandarin -Baotang Tablets.
Regional culture
Also known as Chengde HistoryJehol It has specific regional culture and profound connotation.Chengde is the birthplace of Jurassic world biology billions of years ago, and also the most profound part of Chengde's history.Hongshan cultureThe site "Hongshan Culture" is the Neolithic historical culture of Rehe region, which has been more than 5000 years.In the late Neolithic periodGentile societyWhen converting, that isnomadic peopleFrom the Mongolian plateau to the plain area along the river, the farming life is transited.All of them once passed through the Rehe region, which is the turning point of human evolution and development.This period should be called Yanshan Culture, andYanzhao CultureIt has become the main historical culture of Hebei.
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Chengde Cultural Map
At the end of 1998, Chengde wasNational Tourism Administration of the People's Republic of ChinaListed in the first batchChina Excellent Tourism City, known as "Zisai Pearl".Chengde is blessed with unique tourism resources. There are many "the best in the world": the world's largest royal garden——the Imperial Mountain Summer Resort；The world's largest royal temple group——Outer Eight Temples；The World's Largest Wooden Buddha -- Thousand Hands and Thousand EyesAvalokitesvara（Puning Temple）；Rehe, the shortest river in the world;The essence of the Great Wall——Jinshanling Great Wall；A stone pillar known as one of the best in the world——Qing Hammer Peak；The most wonderful pine in the world——Jiulong Pinewait.Chengde is rich in resources, complete in variety, concentrated in distribution and well preserved, especially famous for the royal gardens of the Qing Dynasty and the largest existing royal temple group in China.
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Chengde Mountain Resort
Chengde Mountain ResortLocated in the north of Chengde City, Hebei Province, it is commonly known as Chengde Libong Palace, formerly known as Rehe Palace. It was built in the 42nd year of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, and was finally completed in the 55th year of Qianlong. It took 87 years to build more than 120 buildings, platforms, halls, pavilions, pavilions, pavilions, temples, towers, corridors, and bridges, especially 72 scenes inscribed by Kang and Qian Yu,It is a place for Qing emperors to spend summer and deal with government affairs. It is a famous ancient imperial palace.Covering an area of 5.64 million square meters, it is China's largest existing imperial garden of the Qing Dynasty and famous cultural relics scenic spot.
Chengde Mountain Resort
Chengde Outer Eight Temple
Chengde Outer Eight TempleIt refers to a group of twelve Lamaist temples built in the form of Tibetan, Xinjiang and Mongolian Lamaist temples around Chengde Summer Resort during the Qing Dynasty. It is one of the first batch of key cultural relics under national protection.In those days, eight temples were managed by the Li Fan Yuan of the Qing government, registered with the Beijing Lama's Printing Office, and set up a "office" for resident lamas in Beijing, all outside the Gubeikou, so they were collectively called "Outer Eight Temples".There are eight of the twelve temples in the hilly area to the north of the Summer Resort. From west to east, they are: Arhat Hall, Guang'an Temple, Juxiang Temple, Putuo Zongcheng Temple, Xumi Temple, Puning Temple, Puyou Temple, Guangyuan Temple.There are four on the east bank of the Wulie River to the east of the Summer Resort. From north to south, they are Anyuan Temple, Pule Temple, Puren Temple and Pushan Temple.Among them, the Temple of Putuo Zongcheng, the Temple of Xumi Fushou, the Temple of Puning and the Temple of Pule.
Putuo Zongcheng
Xumi Fushou Temple
Xumi Fushou Temple It is located to the north of the Summer Resort and to the east of the Temple of Putuo Zongcheng.It was built in imitation of the Tashilhunpo Temple in Tibet, and was built in the 45th year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty.Xu Mifushou is the Chinese translation of the Tibetan "Tashilumbu", hence the name.It is reported that when Emperor Qianlong celebrated his 70th birthday, the Panchen Lama Erdeni came all the way to make a pilgrimage. He was well received and built this temple.The temple runs from south to north, with a stone bridge in front.The inner wall of the Dahongtai in the temple is surrounded by three storey buildings, and Miaogao solemn temple is built in the middle, which is the place where the sixth Panchen Lama preaches scriptures.Donghongtai is located in the southeast of Dahongtai, and the Hall of Auspicious Faxi is located in the west, which is the sleeping hall of Panchen Lama.
Xumi Fushou Temple
Pule Temple
Pule TempleIt is located in Pinggang, south of Anyuan Temple and northeast of the Summer Resort. It was built in the 31st year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty.The building layout is divided into two parts, the front part is the traditional form of Han temples from the mountain gate to Zongyin Hall.At the back is the mandala. The city wall is triple. On the second wall, a glazed Lama Tower is set at four corners and in the middle of four sides.On the top of the platform, the Xuguang Pavilion is built, imitating the shape of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests at the Temple of Heaven in Beijing. On the top of the pavilion, there is a large round Douba caisson with two dragons playing with pearls. It is beautifully made, resplendent, and of high artistic value.
Pule Temple
Qinghammer Peak National Forest Park
Qinghammer Peak National Forest ParkSurrounding the urban area of Chengde, it is inlaid with the famous summer resort and Waiba Temple scenic spots, with a total area of 1.59 million mu, about 2.5 kilometers away from the urban area.The natural landscape of the park is unique, and it is famous for the Danxia landform with thousands of rocks and towering peaks.Qinghammer Peak cableway is the longest hanging chair cableway in China, with a length of 1620 meters.200 meters north of Qinghammer Peak, there is a Baoshan Temple called Giant Wall Buddha Light. The cliff stone carvings in the temple are unique.
Qinghammer Peak National Forest Park
Underwater Great Wall
Underwater Great WallPanjiakou Reservoir is located in Kuancheng Manchu Autonomous County, Chengde City, Hebei Province.The water area of the whole scenic spot is 60 kilometers deep. Panjiakou, Xifengkou and other Great Wall passes are submerged, just like a bright pearl embedded in the deep of Yanshan.
Underwater Great Wall in Kuancheng County, Chengde
Chengde native products can generally be divided into three categories: First, Chengde is located in the mountains and hills, and there are many dry fruit native products, such as almonds, chestnuts, and plums, which all contain high calcium, iron, vitamins, and many other nutrients necessary for the human body;2、 Bashang Mushrooms, more than 2000 meters above the paddock, have a large temperature difference in the morning and evening. The territory produces a wide variety of mushrooms. Mushrooms are nutritious, contain more protein, fat, carbohydrate and crude fiber conducive to digestion, and are easy to collect and cultivate. They are cheap and good in quality. They can be used in high-level banquets and are also family dishes. Among them, white mushroomsdried mushroom、Hazel mushroom、Meat mushroom, grass mushroom, cheese mushroomTricholoma matsutake, flat mushrooms, etc.At the same time, potatoes used in the world famous fast food restaurant "KFC" chips are provided for Bashang;3、 The court products of the Qing Dynasty, such as pteridophyte, also known as auspicious vegetables and longevity vegetables, were wild plants. The pteridophyte of Chengde was regarded as a tribute in the Qing Dynasty, and the local people were very fond of eating dishes cooked with pteridophyte.
Special handicrafts are also a major feature of Chengde. There are 3.5 million people living on 40000 square kilometers of land in Chengde, including 55 ethnic minorities, accounting for 54.27% of the population. The blending of cultures and customs of various ethnic groups has produced many national craft masters, rich and colorful national handicrafts, including Teng's cloth paste paintingsWalnut craftsFengning paper-cut, silk tapestry, root carving, porcelain carving, calligraphy and painting and other tourism arts and crafts with national characteristics.There are national art talents with different styles. Chengde has 6 masters of arts and crafts at or above the provincial level, and more than 30 artists of arts and crafts. Their works have great influence at home and abroad and are collected at home and abroad.When Hong Kong returned to the motherland in 1997, among the souvenirs donated by the central government to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region were treasures made of walnuts.As early as 1778 AD, Emperor Qianlong used walnut products as "exorcism and auspiciousness" and "bless peace", and placed them on the emperor's shrine.The handicrafts in Chengde are high-end national handicrafts integrating artistry, practicality and collection.
The famous Fengning Tengshi cloth paste painting in Chengde[35]、Cui XiaoliA large number of heavyweight artists and their works have come out in the fields of copper chiseling, sculpture, Li Zhongkui's wood carving, Zhang Dongge's folk decorative painting, clay figurine, root carving, bamboo weaving, walnut carving, and nationally renowned photography, painting, calligraphy.Supporting the creation and marketization of literary artists is an important way for the development of Chengde's cultural industry.
Paper cutting is the heritage of traditional family culture and national art in Chengde, which spreads all over the counties and districts of Chengde, especially Fengning paper cutting.In 1992, it was named "Hometown of Chinese Paper Cutting" by the Ministry of Culture;Included in the first batch of China in 2005Intangible Cultural Heritage List；She has published a monograph of Mrs. Wang's Paper Cutting;Hebei Province has organized some artists to exhibit abroad;A number of arts and crafts artists were also named.But it was not operated as an industry, which lagged behind the development of art, and compared with ZhangjiakouYuxian paper-cut There is a big gap between industries.
The rank of lieutenant general, member of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection at the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, former vice political commissar of the Navy of the People's Liberation Army
Doctor of Engineering, Professor,China Agricultural UniversityVice President, National Coordinator of UNESCO Asia Pacific Network for Technology and Social Development
