левСеменовичПонтрягин, September 3, 1908 – May 3, 1988
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He was bornMoscow, and became blind when he was 14 years old because of the explosion of a multipurpose oil stove.1924 Entrymoscow state university He graduated in 1928 and obtained his doctorate in mathematics and physics in 1935.Although he was blind, he became a mathematician with the help of his mother, Tatyana Andreevna, who read math books for him.He has made great contributions in many mathematical fields, including the more geometric part of topology. In 1938, he published many important papers and won the high honors of the former Soviet Union, such as Lenin Prize, USSR State Prize (ГосудажрственнажпрежмияССССР).
He studied the dual theory of homology when he was a student.He continued this research andFourier transformation The foundation was laid for the abstract theory of Pontryagin, which is now called Pontryagin duality.In topology, he raised the basic problem of edge matching theory.This led to aIndicator class theoryThe introduction of, now known asPontria, which is designed to be 0 when a manifold is a boundary.
Later in his academic career, he studied the optimal control theory.His minimization principle is fundamental to the modern theory of the subject.He also introduced the idea of Bang Bang in this field, which is used to describe the situation where the largest 'rudder' or no 'rudder' is used to act on the system.
