The Industrial Plan is also known as the Industrial Plan for International Common Development. Sun Yat sen's plan on revitalizing China's industrynational economyModernizationThe monograph of.Written in English in 1919 byZhu Zhixin, Liao Zhongkai, etc.The book reflects Sun Yat sen's grand ideal and specific plan for the modernization of China's national economy.The plan consists of six major plans. The main content is to build three world-class seaports and a series of second and third class seaports and fishing ports along the northern, central and southern coasts of China;Centered on three major seaports and five major railway systems, establish land and water systems all over the countryTransportationSystem;Fully exploit coal, iron, oil and other mineral resources and set up smelting and machineryManufacturing industry；Develop and meet the people's needs for food, clothing, housing and transportationmodem industry, implementAgricultural mechanization。[1]
the First World WarDuring thecapitalismProduction has further developed,National bourgeoisieThe demand for investment in industry has been greatly enhanced,Revitalize industryThe voice of is very high.Sun Yat sen saw that,The war is overafterEurope and AmericaImperialismNational service to warindustrial equipment A large number of technicians and skilled workers will be left unused. If China can take the opportunity to use these equipment and talents for industrial construction, it will greatly accelerate the development of China's economy.For this reason, he wrote this book in English in 1919 to appeal to "internationalcommon developmentChinese industry ".
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The book includes preface, the beginning of the chapter, six major plans and conclusions.Preface tells the author's motivation and process of writing this book.The first part outlines the main contents and basic ideas of the book.The first plan to the third plan proposes to build threeDeep water port, i.e. located atBohai BayThe northern port between Qinghe River and Luanhe River is located in the East China SeaHangzhou BayZhapu, Ganpu andSouth China SeaPearl River EstuaryExtraneousNanfang DagangWith the three major ports as the center, in the north, east and south of China, from the coast to the mainland, water courses are renovated, railways and roads are built, resources are developed, migrants are resettled to reclaim land, and industrial and agricultural production is developed.The fourth plan isRailway planIt is proposed to build 100000 miles of railways according to the five major railway systems of the central, southeast, northwest, northeast and plateau, forming a nationwiderailway network。The fifth plan is to develop food, clothing, housing, transportation and printingMeans of subsistenceProduction plan.The sixth plan is to exploit coal, iron, oil and other mineral deposits and set up mining, metallurgical and other equipmentmanufacturerPlan, that is, raw materials andenergy industryPlan for.The conclusion summarizes the role of realizing the industrial plan in changing China's backwardness and promoting world civilizationcapitalistFor commoneconomic interest”Assist.
Purpose of China's industrial construction
Sun Yat sen inherited his formerbourgeois classThinkers thought about revitalizing industry in order to make China independent, prosperous and strong, and regarded industrial construction as "the key map for revitalizing the country" and "the urgent matter for saving the nation";At the same time, he was very concerned about improving people's lives, emphasizing that China's economic construction should take "saving the poor" as an urgent task, and develop industry to make "people's livelihood smooth".
Key points of China's industrial construction and economic development
The author believes that "the buildings of railways and roads,canal, repair of waterways,commercial portThe construction of market streets is "the sharp weapon of industry", while the agriculture and mining industry is "the mother of other undertakings".At the same time, they also believe that eating, dressing, living and traveling are people's lifeBasic needs。Therefore, industrial construction should focus on these industriesLeading departmentAnd drive the whole economic construction to "develop at all ends".
IndustrialOperation modeThe author advocates that industrial construction should be carried out by both the state and the private sector at the same time, but the scope of business of both parties should be divided: "Where an enterprise can be entrusted to individuals, or it is more suitable than the state to operate, it should be entrusted to individuals, rewarded by the state, and protected by law... until it cannot be entrusted to individuals and has an exclusive nature, it should be operated by the state."The author calls his big industrial and state-owned proposition "socialism".In fact, this is not socialism but state capitalism.The author sees the exclusion and oppression of small and medium-sized capital by monopoly capital in western countries, and believes that if state-owned state-owned enterprises are implemented in large monopolistic industries, the production of monopoly capital can be prevented and the interests of small and medium-sized capital can be protected.In essence, this is an illusion of the lower class of the national bourgeoisie.
Capital source of industrial construction
In view of China's poverty and backwardness, the author lacks the capital, technology andTechnical talentsHe believes that we should speed up the pace of construction so that China's economic development can catch up with that of developed countries in a short timecapitalist countryWe should implement "openness";"No capital, i.e. borrowing foreign capital";"If there is no talent, foreign talent will be used";"If the method is not good, foreign methods will be used".The industrial plan is a construction plan based on such an "openness".The author summarizes his intention as: "To make foreign countriescapitalismTo create socialism in China ".
However, the author believes thatUtilize foreign capitalIt must be based on the premise of not harming China's sovereigntyPrinciple of equality and mutual benefitWhen concluding a contract with a foreign capital group, it may grant reasonable economic benefits to foreign capital, but it cannot be allowed to infringe upon China's sovereignty.The author regards this issue as "the key to the survival of China", and believes that "the right to development lies in our own survival, while the right to development lies in our own survival".
Because of bourgeois leadershipDemocratic revolutionIt was impossible to win in China. The grand blueprint of economic construction designed by the Industrial Plan for China was not possible at that time;provisoChina included inEconomic development strategyA series of thoughts ofeconomic thought Heritage.
