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Sun Xuan (1337-1393), with the name of Zhongyan and the name of Mr. Xi'an, was born in Pingbu (now Pingbu Township, Shunde), Nanhai County, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province.
Sun Xuan has an imposing appearance and a forthright personality.Sun Xuan read everything in his book, and wrote poems without drafting. He opened the book, unfolded the paper, and wielded his pen.At first reading, it seems that there is no deliberate management. If you know more about it, you will have a powerful atmosphere,XingyuDeep, withWei Jin demeanor。Since he was young, he had high aspirations and did not associate with others casually. People in the countryside respected him and called him Mr. Sun.Never make false friends.He Zhen received courteous treatment according to Lingnan.In the third year of Hongwu's reign (1370), he was elected as a scholar in the countryside.He was appointed as an envoy of the Weaving and Dyeing Bureau of the Ministry of Work, and the chief book of Changhong County.Called into the Imperial Academy, and《Hong Wu Zhengyun》。Out of plainRegistrar , sit tired and catch the system, and you will be relieved.From Suzhou experience, to Liaodong.Later, he was a generalSapphirePoetry and painting were implicated and sentenced to death.He is erudite and knowledgeable in poetry and prose. His poetic style is clear, round and beautiful, and his writings are very rich.After his death, all the books were scattered and lost. Now there are nine volumes, and Siku Zongmu is in the world.
His poetic style has a profound impact on later generations, and has a pioneering role in the history of Lingnan poetry.Wang FuzhiIn the "Ming Poetry Selection", the evaluation of Sun Xuan said: "Zhong Yan and Ji Di are the two major initiatives to create a new generation. Ling Song contests the Tang Dynasty, and they are not inferior to each other."Gao QiHe is also known as the person who opened an era in the history of Chinese poetry in the Ming Dynasty, catching up with the Song and Tang dynasties.For this reason, Sun Xuan is known as "the beginning of Lingnan Ming poetry" and "Lingnan poetry school"[6]。Composed of Sun Xuan, Wang Zuo, Huang Zhe, Li De and Zhao Jie“Mr. Nanyuanwu”, created a new situation in the Lingnan poetry world, formed the "Lingnan poetry school", and became one of the five major poetry schools in China in the early Ming Dynasty. The Lingnan poetry school has kept pace with the other four major poetry schools.[1]
True name
Sun Xuan
word
Zhong Yan
number
Mr. Xi An
Times
bright
Ethnic groups
Chinese
one's native heath
Pingbu, Nanhai County, Guangzhou (now Pingbu Township, Shunde)
date of birth
1337
Date of death
1393
Main works
Xi An Collection
Key achievements
The first of the five sons in the South Garden, Lingnan Shizong
Sun Xuan is alert and sensitive in nature. He can read everything in his books.Poems and essays are written with help, and words are brilliant.Never make false friends.According to Lingnan, He Zhen, the founder of the government, was honored with Wang Zuo, Zhao Jie, Li De and Huang Zhe, and was called Mr. Five.Liao Yongzhong made an expedition to the south, and Li was the real grass, and Yongzhong created a canon.In the third year of Hongwu's reign, the imperial examination was carried out. He was elected as an envoy of the Weaving and Dyeing Bureau of the Ministry of Work, and moved to Hongxian County as the director.After the war, many people resumed their work.After living for one year, he was called to the imperial classics, and《Hong Wu Zhengyun》。In the ninth year, he sent supervisors to worship Sichuan.He lived for a long time and became the master book of the plain.Sitting in the tired arrest department, we can build the capital Wangdu Gate city wall.It is the Cantonese voice, which is played by the master.When I was summoned, I ordered to recite all the songs and poems. All the words were loyal to love, but they were interpreted.After 15 years of experience in Suzhou, he returned to Liaodong.Already, the Dazhi Blue Jade Party tried to paint for the jade and died.At the end of his sentence, he died after a long poem.Li Zhen, a student of the school at that time, was also stationed in the east of Liaoning, and his corpse had to be restrained.Zhen, with the word Yanhui, is from Xinhui.Industrial poems and articles are tasted as the instruction of the city. They are framed and guardedLiaoyangIn eighteen years, there were many tourists.Return the pawn.蕡蕡蕡蕡蕡蕡, including The Compendium of the First Edition of the General Mirror, The Collection of Virtues in the Filial Piety Sutra, The Confucian Doctrine and the Enlightenment, and《Xi'an Collection》He Tao Ji is lost for many times, but not handed down.Zhao Chun in Panyu called his theory of extreme nature and human life as the Confucian school of the time.[2]
Sun Xuan, Zhong Yan, GuangdongShundePeople.He is resourceful and reads every book. His poems and essays are written with brilliant diction.He Zhen occupied the south of the Five Ridges, opened his government and expanded his territory. Why did he treat Wang Zuo, Zhao Jie, Li De and Huang Zhe with courtesy“Mr. Nanyuanwu”。In the Ming Dynasty, Liao Yongzhong made an expedition to the south, and he drafted a table of descent for Zhen.Yongzhong Zhengxuan is in charge of education.In the third year of Hongwu's reign (1370), the imperial examination was carried out. In the middle of the examination, he was appointed as an envoy of the Weaving and Dyeing Bureau of the Ministry of Work, and later transferred to the post of Hongxian County's director.After the war, he appeased the refugees and encouraged them to cultivate and resume their work.Only one year in Hongxian County, he was called to be a Hanlin classic and participated in the compilation《Hong Wu Zhengyun》。In the ninth year of Hongwu's reign, he was sent to Sichuan to supervise the sacrificial rites, and later he was transferred to the post of director of Pingyuan County.Arrested for negligent crime, he was punished to repair the capital Wangdu Gate wall.When he sang a Cantonese song, Taizu summoned him and ordered him to recite the lyrics of the song. Every sentence was loyal, so he was pardoned and released.In the 15th year of Hongwu's reign, he started his career in Suzhou and later went to Liaodong to guard the border.Later, because he was a generalSapphirePoetry and painting were implicated and sentenced to death.At the end of his sentence, he died with long poems and songs.At that time, Li Zhen, a student of Li Zhen, was also guarding the border in eastern Liaoning, and Li Zhen's corpse was collected.Li Zhen, with the word Yan Hui, is from Xinhui, Guangdong.He was an expert in poetry and prose. He was once a disciplinarian for the county. He was framed and garrisoned in Liaodong for 18 years. Many people came to him for advice. After serving his sentence, he was released and died.Sun Xuan is the author of Compendium before the General Mirror, Collection of Virtues of Filial Piety, Neo Confucianism, Xi'an Collection, and Hetao Collection.Many are lost and not transmitted.Zhao Chun of Panyu said that he had deeply studied the theory of heaven and human life and was a master of Confucianism.
Nanyuan Wuzi
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The Summary of the General Catalogue of Siku Quanshu: "Since the Five Sons in the South Garden, Lingnan has fallen in elegance... The South Garden is the Wind Resistance Pavilion, beside the Dazhong Temple in the southeast of Guangzhou City. In the early Ming Dynasty, Sun Xuan, Zhao Jie, Li De, Huang Zhe and Wang Zuo sang here and called it the Five Sons in the South Garden." At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Sun Xuan, a famous scholar and poet in the South of the Five RidgesZhao Jie, Wang ZuoHuang ZheLi De, 5 people, built a building on the right side of Nanyuan (today's Zhongshan Library in Guangzhou)“Wind Resistance Pavilion”, founded the "Nanyuan Poetry Club", which was called the "Top Five Scholars of Nanyuan" or“The first five sons”, so as to be different from "the last five" or“The last five sons”。They swept away the weak and languid atmosphere of the poetic world of the Yuan Dynasty and created a new trend of Lingnan poetry in the early Ming Dynasty.Among the five sons, Li and Wang Zuo are from Foshan.[3]
From the Tang Dynasty to the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Lingnan poetry did not form a group of poets, and Lingnan poetry lacked influence in the country.Until Sun Xuan and a group of poetry friends founded the Nanyuan Poetry Club and sang with each other, marking the formation of the Lingnan poets group.In his "Qilin Sleepover and Yan Julian"The poem preface records the establishment of the Poetry Society:"In the past 18 to 19 years, I heard people being friendly at one time, such as Li Changshi Zhongxiu in Luoyang, Huang Bie in Yulin driving Chujin, Huang Tong in Dongping guarding Yongzhi, Wang Zhengshi Xigui in Wuyi, Wei Yang Huang Changshi Xiwen, Gu Gang Cai Guangwen Yanghui, Zhao Jinshi Anzhong in Panyu and his younger brother Tongpingcheng, Zheng Shina, Pujia Gezi Wen in Beiping, Huang Jinshi in Sanshan, Yuanshan Joining the Song of the South Garden of the Poetry Society, singing and drinking, and singing moreHe and Yan Ju are in the same age as Yu, and they are very friendly. "
It can be seen from this that Sun Xuan was eighteen or nine years old at that time, and his poetry had become famous. He often sang with his friends, so he formed the Nanyuan Poetry Club with a group of poetry friends in the Kangfeng Pavilion in Guangzhou Nanyuan.At that time, twelve poets participated.Later poetsZhao JieJoin, Sun Xuan, Wang ZuoHuang ZheLi De and Zhao Jieshi were the most famous poets, and later people called them "Five Gentlemen of Nanyuan".Since then, Lingnan poetry has created a new situation, and occupied a place in the Chinese poetry, forming the "Lingnan Poetry School".Sun Xuan is the founder of the Nanyuan Poetry Society, and he is also considered by the poetry theorists of all dynasties as the first of the "Five Scholars of Nanyuan".Zhu Yizun said, "Since the beginning, the world has called the five masters of Nanyuan. Zhong Yancai is an outstanding four."
The establishment of Nanyuan Poetry Club not only promoted the rise and prosperity of Lingnan poetry at that time, but also had a profound impact on the long-term development of Lingnan poetry.More than 100 years later, during the reign of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty, the poetOu Daren、Liang Youyu、Li Min Table、Wu Dan、Li ShixingThey revitalized the Lingnan poetry world, rebuilt the Nanyuan Poetry Club at the former site of the Nanyuan, and called it "the last five gentlemen of the Nanyuan".In the 10th year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty,Chen ZizhuangTwelve other poets have repaired the Nanyuan Poetry Club, and will sing in concert.In the late Qing Dynasty,Liang DingfenEight other poets gathered at Kangfeng Pavilion to revitalize Lingnan poetry.It can be said that the Nanyuan Poetry Club is the holy land of Lingnan poetry. Lingnan poets regard the tradition of the Nanyuan Poetry Club as their own blood and continue to inherit it.[6]
Evaluation of later generations
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Poets of the Ming DynastyHu YinglinWhen commenting on poetry in the early Ming Dynasty, he said: "In the early Ming Dynasty, Wu poetry school Fang Gao Jidi, Yue poetry school Fang Liu Bowen, Min poetry school Fang Lin Ziyu, Lingnan poetry school Fang YuSun XuanZhong Yan, Jiang You's Poetic School, Fang Yu, Liu Songzi Gao.Five talents, Xianzu, are the pioneers of the contemporary era. "It is believed that in the early Ming Dynasty, five major schools of poetry have been formed in China, and the Lingnan School of poetry has kept pace with the other four major schools of poetry.《Summary of the Four Treasury Complete Books》It also pointed out that "the East Guangdong Poetic School is the first of several poets, and its contribution to promoting elegance has not been lost." Sun Xuan is the founder of the Nanyuan Poetry Society, and poetry theorists of all dynasties also regarded him as the first of the "Five Scholars of Nanyuan".Zhu YizunHe said, "From below, there are five masters of Nanyuan. Zhong Yancai is an outstanding four."
Sun Xuan's poems include The West Temple Collection.His poetic style is rich and varied, which has been highly appraised by the poetic circles of all dynasties.The head of Siku commented: "Sun Xuan's poetry is unique and has an ancient style when he was in the prime of the Yuan Dynasty." The "Example of East Guangdong Poetry Sea" said that "the West Temple has learned everything since the Han and Wei Dynasties, the Six Dynasties, and the early and mid Tang dynasties, while the furnace hammer has been used alone to forge great words, and it has become a famous scholar." Zhu Yizun's "Jingzhiju Poetry Talk" said that Sun Xuan "learned from the Han and Wei Dynasties in five ancient times, without losing the Tang sound in the near body, and his singing lines are particularly beautiful and can be recited".Huang Zuo's "Guangdong People's Biographies" commented on Sun's poems, "which are powerful and profound.Xu Tai"Poetry Talk" commented on Sun's poem, "The garden of Qing Dynasty is beautiful, and the pearl is moving, so we can't decide by ourselves".We can say that Sun Xuan inherited and developed Zhang Jiuling's heroic style of poetry, created a distinctive Lingnan style of poetry, and became the main feature of Lingnan poetry school.[1]
Anecdotes and allusions
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Sun Xuan, whose name is Zhongyan, was named Xi'an,WuyangPeople.It is an ancient book of the Imperial Academy. It is worth reading every book and poem.Sit asSapphireInscribed a picture and said, "The alligator drum sounded three times, and the west mountain was leaning again. There was no guest house in the Yellow Spring, so who should stay tonight?" After his death, Taizu heard the poem and said, "If there is such a good poem, why not repeat it?"supervision of death executionThe.After another visit to the emperor's son-in-law, the inscription on the wall said: "Before the emperor's son-in-law returned home, the princess passed on the legend that she would sit down and give tea. The spring of the twelfth lunar month is like the sea, and the green peach blossom will be killed at leisure across the window."[4]
Zhu Yuanzhang, Emperor Taizu of the Ming DynastyDeeply afraid that all the people in the world are against him, they often make unjust cases for no reason. The poet Sun Xuan is just because of the generalSapphireThe case was implicated, and so was implicated, but it was a painting for Lanyu.When Sun Xuan was about to die, he said, "The alligator drum sounded three times and the west mountain was leaning again. There is no inn in Huangquan. Who will stay tonight?"Zhu YuanzhangAfter learning this poem, I found that the wrong person was killed. I asked the commander of the prison, what was Sun's language when he died?This poem is right for prison.Zhu Yuanzhang said angrily, "Why don't you play early?" He killed the commander.Collection of Poems of Various Dynasties, Biography of Sun Xuan.
Selected Poems
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[% 1 Nostalgia]
Grass no barren platform, smoke and trees sparse, Wei Zhou looking at a long time hesitate.Ling Bo saw that he asked for a pair of fairy shoes, while Bo Langfang heard that he had missed the auxiliary car.
Three foot sword of red dragon and a book of yellow stone.The only pity for the ochre people is like jade, and the swan song is full of residual grievances.
In February and March, it is still cold, and the spring snow disappears.The galloping thunder broke out of the ground, and the roaring waves touched the stone turtle.
The grey water pendant at the end of the morning and evening fog, and the red phoenix flute in the clouds.Spiritual wind brings me back to the table, and my hometown is far away.
Emperor
In March in Pengcheng, the climate is peaceful, and the snow in Luliang dissipates the spring water.Cloudy fog curls up in the air to make the rain fly, and the broken waves and thin banks form whirlpools.
The shadow of the shark's pearl plate is bright, and the dragon maiden's golden branch is shining.Therefore, the clouds and things in the mountain can be seen from time to time, and visitors who move here have long passed by.
[Xuzhou Hong's Second Song]
Luliang Jishi is towering in the sky, and Xuzhou Shanghongbo is slightly flat.The dragon's anger has rained four times, and its pillar has fallen on the stars in the past three years.
The Xinyi Duruo scattered all over the land, and the Pearl Palace in the Beique opened up a mysterious place.The boat people lean against the table and laugh at each other. The mountain scenery of nine miles connects Pengcheng.
The iron stone of the Dragon Gate leans against the sky and opens like a heap of Yan Ku in Qutang.Thousands of miles of river wind blows the air, and the fine snow in the ninth autumn bursts with thunder.
The cloudy water and clouds can be seen, and the turbid waves swirl back to the shore.Xiaoyi's boat was waiting for Mingfa, and he lingered for a long time under the Bawang Platform.
The autumn trees in the Han Tomb are covered with grey smoke, and the high platform of the hometown is shining in the sunset.The battle for deer is over now, and the remains of Gefeng are still there.
Chisong people went to Fengliu County and dreamt of the Chu year.But the king thinks of brave men, and the green peak and snow are far away from the sky.
[Horse Stage]
The heroes of the world are also magnificent. The ancient river faces three barren terraces.The Han Family's Mausoleum Tower is lost in the spring rain, and Ying's country rises at dusk.
The male sword was rusted with gold bars in the past years, and the dragon media is wearing a piece of brocade this day.When the village cloud smiles and the mountain flowers move, it is suspected that the clothes of kings are embroidered.
[Tomb of Fan Zeng]
I have known the old general of Jingzhou for a long time, and the autumn wind is a wonderful city today.The heroes chased the deer to leave traces, and the children begged the sheep to enter the abandoned tomb.
With the sound of the jade bucket, the pines and snow fall, and the Cang Jing has no shadow, and the stone Lin is horizontal.Poor Laoluoxiang, and he was born again at the mouth of Mangdang Valley.
