synonymFraunhofer(Fraunhofer) Generally refers to Joseph von Fraunhofer
Joseph von Fraunhofer (March 6, 1787 June 7, 1826)Germanyphysical scientist。Fraunhofer from an optical instituteworkerHe became the director of the institute and designed and manufactured many optical instruments, such asAchromatic lens, LargeRefracting telescope、diffraction grating And so on. They were all great achievements in the physics field at that time.
Fraunhofer's most influential contribution is to discover and studySolar spectrumThe absorption line in, i.eFraunhofer lines 。[1]
Fraunhofer combines the talents of technologists and theorists, combines theory with rich practical experiencespectroscopyHas made important contributions.
Curator of Physics Museum of Munich Academy of Sciences Has made important contributions to optics and spectroscopy Invented the spectrometer Found the Fraunhofer line Published Fraunhofer diffraction
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Representative works
Published the research results of parallel light diffraction through a single slit
Born on March 6, 1787MunichStrauss nearby is the eleventh child of a glassmaker, whose parents are very poor.Fraunhofer became an orphan at the age of 11 and became an apprentice in a glass workshop in Munich in 1806.
In 1801, the house of this workshop collapsedMaximilian ITake people to rescue him from the ruins.Maximilian I took great care of Fraunhofer and provided him with books and learning opportunities.Eight months later, Fraunhofer was sent to the Optics Institute of the famous Benedict Boyon Monastery for trainingBenedictine Monastery Great importance is attached to glass manufacturing process.
In 1818, Fraunhofer became the main leader of the Academy of Optics.He designed and builtAchromatic lens, first usedNewtonian ringMethods The inspection of optical surface processing accuracy and lens shape has played an important role in the development of applied optics.The large scale he madeRefracting telescopeAnd other optical instruments.Due to Fraunhofer's efforts, Bavaria replaced Britain as the production center of optical instruments at that time, even Michael·FaradayI can only bow to the wind.
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In 1823, he served as the curator of the Physics Museum of the Munich Academy of Sciences andUniversity of MunichProfessor, academician of Munich Academy of Sciences
In 1824, Fraunhofer was awardedPour Le Merite , become a noble andMunichHonorary citizens.Due to heavy metal poisoning caused by long-term engagement in glass making, Frang and Fei died at the age of 39.
Fraunhofer can also be regarded as one of the founders of spectroscopy because he discovered the absorption lines in the solar spectrum, realized that they are equivalent to the emission lines in sparks and flames, and first used diffraction gratings (which have also been made into various forms of gratings).[2]
In 1821, he published the parallel light passing throughSingle slit diffraction(later called Fraunhofer diffraction,Far-field diffraction）The experiment of spectral resolution was done, and the diffraction grating was studied quantitatively for the first time, with which the wavelength of light was measured, and then the grating equation was given.
