Capitalization refers tolatin alphabet(includingPinyin alphabetandEnglish letter）A way of writing, used at the beginning of a sentence, the first of a proper nameletterOr all capital letters.It also refers to a kind of Chinese numeralStrokeMore complicated writing method, mostly used in accounts and documents.
The amount in Chinese in words is "one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, one million, ten thousand, ten thousand, one hundred million, yuan (yuan), jiao, fen, zero, and only (yuan)".(At that time, "Qi" was used as a variant of "Qi" and "You". Later, it was differentiated. "Qi" was defined as the capital of the number "Qi", and "You" was incorporated into "Qi" to mean "brush".)[1]
onechinese charactersA kind of numeralStrokeMore complicated writing methods, such as "one (1), two (2), three (3), four (4), ten (10)", are mostly used foraccountAnd documents, etc. (follow“a lowercase letter”Relative).
twoPinyin alphabetA way of writing, such aslatin alphabetA, B, C, etc. are used at the beginning of a sentence, the first letter of a proper name, or when all letters are capitalized (as opposed to "lower case").
UppercaseLetters orCapitalIt is one of the writing forms of many pinyin letters, such asA、B、CEtc.
Capital is sometimes calledUpper font body（uppercase）。Because the West in the pastmovable-type printingDuring the period, all capital characters were placed on the top of the character retrieval drawer, so they also had this nickname.
Capital general anda lowercase letterThe height and width of font are obviously different, but in some caseslanguageMedium is case insensitive,latin alphabetIn the early days of the invention, there was only one type, that is, uppercase.
purpose
1. Used at the beginning of a sentence.
2. Abbreviations.
3. IncreaseReadability。For example: signboards and labels.
4. In some languages, there is an effect of emphasis.Equivalent toexclamatory mark。
occasionally,surnameFull capitalization is helpful for identification, because different languages in different regions have different habits to express names.EsperantoAlways write your name like this.For example:
That is, "A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.K.L.M.N.O.P.Q.R.S.T.U.V.W.X.Y.Z." 26 letters.
Capital figures
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Historical origin
First, in the early Ming Dynasty, there were 12 senior officials and 6 ministers involved“Guo Huan's Corruption Case”Is to make use of blank account booksFalse accountBy distorting the figures, they embezzled money and grain, amounting to more than 24 million stones (d à n), which was almost the same as that of the whole country at that timeAutumn grainThe total number of collected data is equal.Zhu YuanzhangHe was so angry that he orderedGuo HuanequivalentCriminalTens of thousands of people were beheaded in public, and punishment was formulated at the same timeeconomic crimeAndfinancial managementTechnical precaution: change the numbers in Chinese characters into capital letters that are hard to be altered, that is, "1234567899000" to "12345678900" ("Qian" was later changed to "Qian" beside the single person),Chinese historyThe capitalization of the above amount starts from here.
Second, according toLate Ming and Early QingTextual examinerGu YanwuTextual research,Wu ZetianIt not only changed the name of the country from "Tang" to "Zhou", but also produced many Chinese characters. There were many stone tablets erected in that periodCapital figures。In addition, capital figures are also common in poetry, such asBai JuyiIn the Song edition of Bai Shi Changqing Anthology, "On the Camping Statement and Inviting Le Weibo and Other Four Soldiers and Horses to Keep Their Own Business", it is recorded that "considering the cost of his army in a month, the actual amount of money is twenty hundred lacquer and eighty thousand guan (" Qi "was used as a variant of" Qi "and" You "at that time, but later it was differentiated, and" Qi "was defined as the capital of the number" Qi ", and" Qi, You "was defined as" brush ")[1]。”Gu Yanwu clearly revealed his own inference in his book "The Epigraph of Jinshi Characters · The Statue of Daiyue Temple": "All numbers that are made into one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, etc. are words that were changed and self-made after Wu.",Wu Zetian"Self made character" of Chinese capital numeralsZhu YuanzhangNearly 700 years earlier.
Third, it said that, for example, "In June of the 27th year of Gaochang Yanchang (AD 587), the Ministry of War ordered the purchase of a horse and counted the amount of money used to perform the act", with the words "all buy a horse together and use forty-five yuan of silver";There is a word of "sharing wine with Qihu" in "Ma Shoutiao Presented as an Event of Drinking in the 11th Year of Xuanshi in Northern Liang Dynasty (AD 422)".These have sporadicCapital figures's records are all inWu ZetianBefore, it was explained that around the 4th century (caEastern Jin DynastyAt the end of the year), people have begun to use capital figures in securities contracts consciously for more than 1600 years.
It may be concluded that capital figures areworking peopleThose invented in long-term practice have been applied to daily life in succession;Empress Wu inherited the folk writing style and used large numbers in capital letters, making them widespread and popular;Zhu YuanzhangIn order to rectify the economic field, the state ordered the mandatory implementation of complete capital figures nationwide on a large scale, thus improving and standardizing the application of capital figures.[3]
Life application
Whether it isArabic numerals(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9), or Chinese charactersa lowercase letterDigital numbers (one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, hundred, thousand), because of their simple strokes, are easy to be altered and tampered with, so the numbers on general documents and commercial financial bills should be usedChinese numeralsIn words: one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, hundred, thousand (the strokes of "ten thousand, hundred million, and trillion" have become more complex, and there are few opportunities to use them, so there is no need to use other words instead).For example, "3564 yuan" is written as "thirty-five hundred sixty-four yuan".These Chinese characters came into being very earlyCapital figures。This complicated way of writing numbers dates back toTang dynastyIt has been fully used and gradually standardized into a set of "capital numerals".
here we aremodern societyBank bills, current cheques, practical invoices, contract agreements, account documents and other economic texts must be marked with capital figures, which has become a "conventional" rule, and with the development of high-tech, financial institutions have developed and appliedelectronic payment Password, fingerprint intelligent verification, specific identity recognition and other more complexanti-counterfeiting techniques , which further enhances thestate propertyAnd private fundingConfidentialityAnd security.
Specific introduction
These ten words can be divided into two types.One is that the sound and meaning are the same, and the other is that the sound is synonymous but different.The reason why some words become capital numerals is simply because of "borrowing".
The first case
one
《Shuo Wen》The explanation is "single-minded, from the pot auspicious sound".It means to be single-minded and unified.See《Mencius, Gongsun Ugly》"If you are determined, you will be motivated, and if you are motivated, you will be motivated".It means single-minded.See also The History of the Han Dynasty: Biography of Dong Zhongshu: "It made the later scholars unified and became the leader of the group of scholars." It means unity.
two
ancient ChineseThe big writing of "two".It has the meaning of inconsistency.Such as "Erxin", "Erchen" and "Second Officer".
three
The big writing of "three" in ancient Chinese.See《Master Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals·The first year of Yin Gong: "Most of the systems of the former kings are only one of the participating countries." Here, "participation" is actually "three".It means "three".
five
The great writing of "five" in ancient Chinese.See "Zhou Li, Xia Guan, Zhuzi":.Zheng XuanNote: "One hundred soldiers and five soldiers are soldiers".《Guan Zi · Li Zheng》: "Five families form a company".Now it generally refers to the army, such as enlistment and demobilization.
The original meaning is to dissect animals.See《Book of Rites · Suburb Special Animal》"The smell of fishy, fishy, tender, and sacrificial food is not what God has to offer. The owner has done his utmost to respect himself.".Zheng Xuan's note: "It is said to treat meat four times".Later, it was translated into the meaning of "free market" and "indulgence".It has nothing to do with "four". The capitalization of "four" is purely "borrowed".
land
Land and landing in Chinese.The word "Lu" becomes the capital of the word "six", which also belongs to "borrowed".Original meaning does not rank sixth, but in poetry“Upper mouth”There is this tone in the tone.
eight
See Han《Be quick》In the third volume of "Eight Bags", Yan Shigu noted: "If there is no tooth, it is eight; if there is tooth, it is a peach, which is why it is pushed to gather grains".VIII. It is the name of farm implements.See also《Huai Nanzi, talking about Lin Xun》: "Therefore, it is not in the eight patterns that one can understand".The word "eight" here includes manual separation.The "eight" character is separated from the two sides, so it becomes the big writing of the "eight" character.
nine
See Poems·Wang Feng, Hemp in the Hill》: "Let me wear nine".Nine, it is light black like jadeMeishi。It has nothing to do with "Nine".However, the word "nine" is composed of two words, "Wang and Jiu". It is homophonic with "Jiu", and is used as the great writing of "nine".
ten
Originally meant to pick up, see《Historical Records · Confucius Family》: "Painting without picking up".《Shuo Wen》He also said: "Pick up, Duo also, from hand to hand.".Is for picking.Its homonym is used as the great writing of "ten".
Upper case rule
chineseAmount in wordsDigital applicationsRegular scriptOr fill in in running script, such as one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, ten million, ten million, ten million, hundred million, yuan, jiao, fen, zero, and only (original).It is not allowed to use one, two (2), three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, twenty, mao, another (or 0) to fill in, and it is not allowed to create simplified words.If the amount is used in numerical writingthe original complex form of a simplified Chinese character, such as two hundred million yuan, six hundred million yuan, ten thousand yuan, or ten thousand yuan.
If the amount in Chinese words is up to "yuan", the word "whole" (or "positive") shall be written after "yuan", and the word "whole" (or "positive") may not be written after "jiao".If the amount in words has "cents", the word "whole" (or "positive") shall not be written after "cents".
The amount in Chinese words shall be marked before the figure“RMB”Words, if the amount in words and figures has "cents", the word "whole" (or "positive") shall not be written after "cents".
The words "RMB" shall be marked before the words and figures in Chinese, and the words and figures in Chinese shall be filled in immediately after the words "RMB" without any blank.If the words "RMB" are not printed before the amount in words, the words "RMB" shall be added.In the notes andSettlement voucherThe fixed words "thousand, one million, one hundred thousand, ten thousand, thousand, one hundred, ten yuan, jiao, fen" shall not be pre printed in the column of amount in words.
Arabic numeralsa lowercase letterIf there is "0" in the amount figure, the Chinese capital letters shall be written according to the Chinese language rules, the amount figure composition and the requirements to prevent alteration.give an exampleAs follows:
1. When there is a "0" in the middle of the Arabic numerals, the Chinese capital should be written with a "zero". For example, ￥ 1409.50 should be written in RMB fourteen thousand nine point five.
2、Arabic numeralsIf there are several "0" in the middle, only one "zero" can be written in the middle of the Chinese capital amount, such as ￥ 6007.14, which should be written as RMB sixty-seven point fourteen.
3、arabThe number of ten thousand digits and yuan digits of the amount is "0", or there are several consecutive "0" in the middle of the number, and the number of ten thousand digits and yuan digits are also "0", but the number of thousand digits and yuan digits is not "0", the Chinese capital amount can be written with only one zero or without "zero".For example, ￥ 1680.32 should be written as RMB sixteen hundred eighty point thirty-two, or as RMB sixteen hundred eighty point thirty-two, or as ￥ 107000.53, it should be written as RMB one hundred and seven thousand point fifty-three, or as RMB one hundred and seven thousand point fifty-three.
4. When the decimal place of the Arabic amount is "0" and the quantile is not "0", the Chinese capital amount "yuan" should be followed by "zero".If ￥ 16409.02, it should be written as RMB sixteen thousand four hundred nine point zero two;Another example is 325.04 yuan, which should be written as three hundred and twenty-five yuan and four cents.
5. Araba lowercase letterBefore the amount,Should befill inRMB symbol“￥”。Arabic figures in figures shall be filled in carefully, and shall not be confused.
6. Of billsDate of issueIt must be capitalized in Chinese.In order to prevent the change of the date of issue of the bill, when filling in the month and day, if the month is one, two and ten, and if the day is one to nine and ten, twenty and thirty, "zero" shall be added before it;If the date is from eleven to nineteen, "one" shall be added before it.For example, January 15 shall be written as January 15.For another example, October 20 should be written as October 20.
Accounting rules of capitalization and simplification of numbers
(1) If the amount in Chinese words is up to "yuan", the word "whole" (or "positive") should be written after "yuan";The word "whole" (or "positive") may not be written after the word "corner" if it ends at "corner".If the amount in words has "cents", the word "whole" (or "positive") shall not be written after "cents".
(2) The amount in Chinese words shall be marked before the figure“RMB”Words and figures in words shall be filled in immediately after the words "RMB" without any blank.If the words "RMB" are not printed before the amount in words, the words "RMB" shall be added.
⑶ Arabiaa lowercase letterIf there is "0" in the amount figure, the Chinese words shall be in accordance withchineseLanguage rules, amount and figure composition, and requirements to prevent alteration shall be written.
(4) The date of issue of the bill must be in Chinese capital.When filling in the month and day, if the month is one, two and ten, and the day is one to nine and ten, twenty and thirty, "zero" shall be added before it;If the date is from eleven to nineteen, add "one" before it.For example, February 12 should be written as February 12;October 20 shall be written as October 20.If the bill issue date is filled in figures, the bankInadmissible。If the date in words is not filled in as required,bankAcceptable;However, if losses are caused byDrawerAt its own expense.
