Now with the development of economy and peopleliving standardImprovement,Public buildingsAnd residential heating and air conditioning has become a common requirement.As a traditional heating source in ChinaCoal fired boilerNot onlyEnergy utilization rateIt is low and will cause serious pollution to the atmosphere. Therefore, coal fired boilers are being phased out in some cities, while fuel oilGas fired boilerThe operation cost is very high.Ground source heat pumpIt is a solution for heat supply andair conditionerAlternative to.
Chinese name
Ground source heat pump technology
Application
Utilization of geothermal resources
Nature
High efficiency and energy saving for heating and cooling
Ground source heat pump is a kind of heat pumpGeothermal resourcesHigh efficiency, energy saving and environmental friendly air conditioning system capable of both heating and cooling.The ground source heat pump can realize the energy conversion fromheat source Transfer to high temperature heat source.In winter, the heat in the soil is "taken out" and supplied to the room for heating after the temperature is raised;In summer, the indoor heat is "taken out" and released into the soil, and can be guaranteed throughout the yearUnderground temperatureBalance of.
Overseas application
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The ground source heat pump air-conditioning system accounts for 40% of the whole air-conditioning system in the United StatesU.S. governmentEnergy saving and environmental protection technologies vigorously promoted.1998US Department of EnergyPromulgate laws and regulations that requirefederal governmentThe ground source heat pump air conditioning system with ground heat exchanger is popularized in the buildings of the organization.To show support for this technology, President BushTexasOfvillaThe ground source heat pump air conditioning system is also installed in.InNorthern EuropeOfSwitzerland、Sweden、Austria、DenmarkIn countries such as China, the utilization of ground source heat pump (ground heat exchanger) technology is in a leading position, and the ground heat exchanger heat pump with buried pipes is widely used.
Technical characteristics
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Technical features of ground source heat pump:
Environmental protection: use electricity, noCombustion process, Yessurrounding environmentPollution-free emission;There is no need to use a cooling tower, there is no external machine, and it is not directly to the surroundingatmospheric environment Heat removal, noheat island effect, no noise;Do not pump groundwater and do not damage groundwater resources.One machine for three purposes: heating in winter, cooling in summer and providing domestic hot water throughout the year.Long service life: more than 20 years, split type orWindow air conditioner2-4 times.Full computer control, stable performance, telephone remote control, temperature controlhumidity control And fresh air distribution.
advantage
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1. The ground source heat pump technology is a renewable energy utilization technology. The ground source heat pump uses the shallow geothermal resources on the earth surface (usually less than 400 meters deep) as the cold and heat sourcesenergy conversion Heating and air conditioning system.The shallow geothermal resources on the surface can be called Earth Energy, which refers to the low-temperature potential heat energy stored in the surface soil, groundwater, rivers and lakes by absorbing solar energy and geothermal energy.The shallow layer of the surface is a hugeSolar collector, collected 47% of the solar energy, more than 500 times the energy used by human beings every year.It is not limited by region, resources, etc. It is really large in quantity, wide in scope, and ubiquitous.This kind of nearly unlimited renewable energy stored in the shallow layer of the surface makes geothermal energy become a form of clean renewable energy.
2. Ground source heat pump is economical and effectiveEnergy saving technologyThe temperature of geothermal energy or shallow geothermal resources on the surface is relatively stable all the year round, and is higher than the environment in winterair temperature High, lower than ambient air temperature in summer, good heat pump heat source and air conditionerCold source, thistemperature characteristic The ground source heat pump system is better than the traditional air conditioning systemoperating efficiency It should be 40% higher, so it should save energy and about 40% of operating costs.In addition, the ground energy temperature is relatively constant, which makes the heat pump unit operate more reliably and stably, and also ensures the efficiency andEconomy。According to the estimation of EPA of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, a well designed and installed ground source heat pump can save 30~40% of the operating costs of heating, cooling and air conditioning for users on average.
3. Ground source heat pumpenvironmental benefitThe pollutant emission of ground source heat pump is significantly reduced by more than 40% compared with that of air source heat pumpElectric heatingIn comparison, it is equivalent to a reduction of more than 70%, which will be more obvious if combined with other energy-saving measures.Although refrigerant is also used, it reduces the filling volume by 25% compared with conventional air conditioning devices;It is a self-contained system, that is, the device can be packaged and sealed in the factory workshop in advance, so the refrigerant leakage rate is greatly reduced.The device operates without any pollution and can be built onresidence communityThere is no burning, no smoke exhaust, no waste, no need to stack fuel waste site, and no need to transport heat remotely.
4. One ground source heat pump is multi-purpose and has a wide range of applicationsGround source heat pump systemIt can be used for heating, air conditioning, and domestic hot water. One machine can be used for multiple purposes. One system can replace two sets of devices or systems of the original boiler plus air conditioning;It can be used in hotels, shopping malls, office buildings, schools and other buildings, and is more suitable for heating and air conditioning of villas and residences.
5. Ground source heat pump air conditioning systemmaintenance cost Under the same conditions, buildings using ground source heat pump systems can reduce maintenance costs.The ground source heat pump is very durablemechanical movementThere are very few components. All components are either buried underground or installed indoors, thus avoiding outdoorInclement weatherThe underground part can be guaranteed for 50 years, and the above ground part can be guaranteed for 30 years. Therefore, the ground source heat pump is a maintenance free air conditioner, which saves maintenance costs and allows users to recover their investment in about three years.In addition, the unit has a long service life of more than 15 years;Compact unit and space saving;High degree of automatic controlUnattended。Disadvantages of ground source heat pump Of course, like anything, ground source heat pump is not perfect, and its application will be affected by different regions, users and countriesenergy policyImpact of fuel price;The one-time investment and operation cost will vary with different users;The use of groundwater will be affected by the localgroundwater resources In fact, the ground source heat pump does not need to exploit groundwater, and all groundwater used can be recharged without polluting the water quality.
Difference between ground source heat pump and traditional air conditioning：
Stable: the whole system operates stably and is not affected by outdoor climate conditions;
Comfort: the distribution of room temperature is more reasonable, the temperature difference is small, and the comfort is good.
Environmental protection: no outdoor unit, and solved the problemUrban heat island effect, without any pollution and emission.
Heat pump definition
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heat pumpIt is a kind of equipment that can obtain low-grade heat from the air, water or soil in nature, and output usable high-grade heat energy through power work. It can convert the consumed high-grade electric energy into three times or even more of the heat energy. It is a high efficiencyEnergy supplyTechnology.The application of heat pump technology in the field of air conditioning can be divided intoAir source heat pump, water source heat pump and ground source heat pump.Heat pump is the cleanest and most economical energy source today because it extracts energy from nature with high efficiency and no pollutant emission.In today's increasingly scarce resourcesLow temperature heat energyThe most advanced way of heat pump technology has been widely concerned and valued around the world.
Heat pump development
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Ground source heat pumpIt is an efficient and energy-saving air conditioning system that uses solar energy and geothermal energy absorbed from shallow water sources on the earth's surface (such as groundwater, rivers and lakes) and soil sources, and uses the principle of heat pump to provide heat and cooling.《Feasibility analysis report on the development of ground source heat pump industry in China》It shows that the ground source heat pump industry in China is developing rapidly, and the ground source heat pump projects in various regions are increasing, which not only benefits from China's rich geothermal resourcesRelated technologiesThe continuous improvement also benefits from the pressure from energy conservation and emission reduction.
After decades of development, ground source heat pumps in China have a large market, with more than 100 manufacturers producing ground source heat pumps. Ground source heat pump technology has gradually been introduced into China, and is gradually approaching the world's advanced level in terms of both scale and quality.At the same time, many academic institutions have been established in ChinaGround source heat pumpExperimental bench, mainly forUnderground heat exchangerResearch on long-term joint operation with ground heat pump equipment.
The building application area of ground source heat pump technology in China has exceeded 140 million square meters, and the annual sales volume of ground source heat pump systems nationwide has exceeded 8 billion yuan, growing at a rate of more than 20%. The application area of single ground source heat pump systems has reached 800000 square meters.From the perspective of ground source heat pump host market, in 2010, China's ground source heat pump hostmarket size About 2.5 billion yuan,Year on year growthAbout 31%, the largest increase in recent years. By 2011, the market size had reached 3.1 billion yuan, an increase of about 23% year on year, and in 2012, the market size had increased to about 3.3 billion yuan.
The energy of ground source heat pump system comes from underground energy. It does not discharge exhaust gas, waste water and waste residue to the outside world. It is an efficient and energy-saving system, fully in line with the direction of China's energy and economic sustainable development.At the same time, as a renewable and clean energy, geothermal energy has been included in the 12th Five Year PlanEnergy planning。The country preliminarily plans to complete the heating (cooling) area of 350 million square meters with ground source heat pump in the next five years, and the cost of 200-300 yuan per square meterInvestment intensity，total investmentThe amount can reach 70-105 billion yuan.
The total area of existing buildings in urban and rural areas in China is more than 50 billion square metersResidential building areaAbout 10.5 billion square meters, includingBuilding energy conservationStandard only accounts for 5%;At the same time, our country increasesBuilding areaAbout 2 billion square meters. It is estimated that by the end of 2020House areaNearly 30 billion square meters, the task of building energy conservation is arduous.Ground source heat pump technology as anational policyNew supportedEnergy saving and environmental friendly air conditionerThe heating technology will develop rapidly, thus promoting the rapid development of the ground source heat pump market. The market prospect of ground source heat pump in China is promising.
working principle
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Ground source heat pump technology
The working principle of ground source heat pump is: in winter, the heat pump unit absorbs heat from the ground source (shallow water or rock soil) to heat the building;In summer, the heat pump unit absorbs heat from the room and transfers it to the ground source to realize air conditioning and cooling of buildings.According to geothermal energyexchange system In different forms, ground source heat pump systems are divided into ground source heat pump systems andsurface waterGround source heat pump system and ground pipe ground source heat pump system.
Refrigeration and cooling diagram
When the ground source heat pump system is in refrigeration statecompressoryesRefrigerantDo work to make it go through the cycle of vapor liquid conversion.Through refrigerant/Air to air heat exchangerThe evaporation of internal refrigerant willAir circulationThe heat carried is absorbed into the refrigerant and passes through the refrigerant/water while the refrigerant circulatesheat exchangerThe condensation of the internal refrigerant absorbs the heat carried in the refrigerant by the circulating water circuit, and finally transfers it to the groundwater or soil through the outdoor heat exchange system.During the continuous transfer of indoor heat to the underground through the indoor heating and air conditioning terminal system, water source heat pump unit system and outdoor heat exchange system（Fan coil）The room is cooled by cold air below 13 ℃.
Schematic diagram of ground source heat pump refrigeration
Heating and heating diagram
Schematic diagram of ground source heat pump heating
When the ground source heat pump system is in the heating state, the compressor in the ground source heat pump unit works on the refrigerant and passesFour-way valveReverse the refrigerant flow direction.The heat in underground water or soil is absorbed by the outdoor heat exchange system, and the heat in the water circulation is absorbed into the refrigerant through the evaporation of refrigerant in the water source heat pump unit system. At the same time of refrigerant circulation, the heat carried by the refrigerant is absorbed by the air circulation through the condensation of refrigerant in the refrigerant/air heat exchanger.In the process of continuous transfer of underground heat to the interior, the indoor heating and air conditioning terminal system is used for indoor heating.
Ground source heat pump technology includes pumping groundwater, burying pipes, pumping lake water or river water, etc. The cost of pumping lake water or river water is the lowest, and burying pipes is the most expensive, but the best.
Ground source heat pump central air conditioning should be given priority as long as there are enough ground buried pipelines (underground heat and cold exchange devices) or the government allows the extraction of groundwater.The reason why the ground source heat pump central air-conditioning is so energy-saving is that the ground source heat pump technology relies on underground energy, which still comes from solar energy.
definition
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Ground source heat pump(also known as geothermal pump) is to use the relatively stable characteristics of underground normal temperature soil and groundwater, through the pipeline system or groundwater deeply buried around the buildingPrinciple of heat pumpIt is a technology to transfer low level heat energy to high level heat energy and complete heat exchange with buildings through a small amount of high level electric energy input.
The ground source heat pump air conditioning system is mainly divided into three parts: outdoorGeoenergyHeat exchange system、Water source heat pumpUnit system and indoor heating and air conditioning terminal system.amongWater source heat pump unitThere are mainly two types: water water type units or water air type units.The heat transfer between the three systems depends on the water or air heat exchange medium. The heat exchange medium between the water source heat pump and the ground energy is water, and the heat exchange medium with the heating and air conditioning terminal of the building can be water or air.
Development trend
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With the development of economy and peopleliving standardImprovement,Public buildingsAnd residential heating and air conditioning has become a common requirement.As a traditional heating source in ChinaCoal fired boilerNot onlyEnergy utilization rateIt is low and will cause serious pollution to the atmosphere. Therefore, coal fired boilers are being phased out in some cities, while fuel oilGas fired boilerThe operation cost is very high.Ground source heat pumpIt is an alternative way to solve the problem of heating and air conditioning with greater advantages in technology and economy.Ground source heat pump in the United Statesair conditioning systemIt accounts for 40% of the whole air conditioning system and is an energy-saving and environmental protection technology vigorously promoted by the US government.In 1998, the US Department of Energy issued regulations requiring the promotion and application of ground heat exchangers in buildings of federal government agencies nationwideGround source heat pump air conditioningSystem.In order to support this technology, President Bush of the United States also installed this ground source heat pump air-conditioning system in his Texas villa.In central and northern EuropeSwitzerland, SwedenAustria, Denmark and other countries, the utilization of ground source heat pump (ground heat exchanger) technology is in a leading position, and the ground heat exchanger heat pump with buried pipes is widely used.
origin
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The concept of "ground source heat pump" was first proposed by Swiss experts in 1912, and the technology was first proposed by Britain and the United States.
In 1946, the United StatesOregonThe first one was built in the central area of PolandGround source heat pump system。However, the use of this kind of energy did not attract widespread attention from all walks of life at that time, and there was not much development in technology and theory.
In the 1950s, Europe began to study ground source heat pump for the first time, but due to theEnergy priceLow, this system is not economical, so it has not been popularized.Until the early 1970s, the first time in the worldenergy crisisMany companies began to research, produce and install ground source heat pumps.During this period, many horizontal buried pipe ground source heat pumps were established in Europe, mainly for winter heating.Although Europe is the most mature region in the world to develop ground source heat pumps, it also used to be because ground source heat pump experts did not understand installation technology, and installation workers did not understandPrinciple of ground source heat pumpAs a result, the development of ground source heat pump has taken a detour.
With the progress of science and technologyenergy consumptionAnd environmental pollution laws are more and more strict, the development of ground source heat pump ushered in another climax.European countries, represented by Switzerland, Sweden and Austria, vigorously promote ground source heat pump heating andRefrigeration technology。The government has adopted corresponding subsidy policies and protection policies, making the production and use of ground source heat pumps expand rapidly.In the late 1980s, the ground source heat pump technology has become mature. More scientists are committed to the research of underground systems, striving to improve the efficiency of heat absorption and heat conduction, and paying more attention to the environmental impact.Ground source heat pump production presents year by yearUpward trendSwitzerland and Sweden have an annual growth rate of more than 10%.The production and promotion of ground source heat pump in the United States is very fast, and the technology has developed rapidly, making the United States the largest country in the production and use of ground source heat pump in the world.
From the application of ground source heat pump, Nordic countries mainly focus on winter heating, while the United States focuses on winter summer combined supply.Because of Americanclimatic conditions It is very similar to China, so studying the application of ground source heat pump in the United States has a reference significance for the development of ground source heat pump in China.
According to statistics in 1999Heating equipmentIn China, the proportion of ground source heat pump is 96% in Switzerland, 38% in Austria and 27% in Denmark. In China, due to the particularity of energy prices, people's awareness of energy conservation, environmental protection and other factors,Ground source heat pump air conditioningTechnology applicationAnd the development is relatively slow, people are not very familiar with it, and it is difficult to promote it. However, with the improvement of people's living standards, the increase of per capita energy consumptionMineral energyThe ground source heat pump (GSHP) technology has attracted more and more attention due to the increasing depletion of the and the worsening of the environment.Under the trend of energy conservation and environmental protection, this technology has attracted the attention of the industry because of its unique energy conservation and stabilityscientific research institutionA lot of applied research has been done.
The country has taken three cities as the pilot cities of ground source heat pump, namely Beijing, TianjinShenyang。Vigorously develop ground source heat pumps.In these three cities, even throughout the country, ground source heat pumps have been in full swing.The country has made great efforts to guide the development of ground source heat pumps. Some government buildings, schools, hospitals, etc. in the country have all undergone ground source heat pump transformation, and it is the critical moment of the Olympic Games that many projects also use ground source heat pumps, such as some Olympic venues, the Olympic Forest Park, etc;Not only national projects, but now manyPrivate enterpriseWe are looking for manufacturers and distributors of ground source heat pumps in offices, villas and other areas.While we are looking for projects, they are also looking for us.
Ground source heat pump usesShallow geothermal energyThe new energy utilization technology for heating and cooling is a kind of ground source heat pump, which usesCarnot cycleandInverse carnot cyclePrinciple transferCooling capacityGround source heat pump is usually used to transfer heat or cold energy from underground soil to the place where it is needed. Generally, ground source heat pump is used for air conditioning, refrigeration or heating. Ground source heat pump also uses the huge heat storage of underground soilCold storageCapacity. In winter, the ground source transfers heat from the underground soil to the building, and in summer, transfers the underground cooling capacity to the building, forming a cold and hot cycle every year
form
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The ground source heat pump heating and air-conditioning system is mainly divided into three parts: outdoor ground energy heat exchange systemGround source heat pump unitAnd indoor heating and air conditioning terminal system.There are two main types of ground source heat pump: water water type or water air type.The heat transfer between the three systems depends on the water or air heat exchange medium. The heat exchange medium between the ground source heat pump and the ground energy is water, and the heat exchange medium with the building heating and air conditioning terminal can be water or air.
In fact, ground source heat pump is a very old technology. It has been used since the 1940s, but it has been relevant in the past five yearstechnological development So that it can be commercialized rapidly.The name of ground source heat pump first appeared in a Swiss document in 1912Patent literatureIn the 1950s, the first climax of using ground source heat pump appeared in Europe.During this period, Ingersoll and PlassKelvinLine sourceThe concept proposed the line heat source theory of underground heat exchanger, but it was not widely used at that time because of the low energy price and high system cost.In the 1970s,oil crisis Focusing people's attention on energy conservation and efficient use of energy, the development of ground source heat pump has entered a climax stage. At this time, the buried pipe has been changed from the early money pipe toPlastic pipe。During this period, many ground source heat pumps with horizontal buried heat exchangers were established in Europe, but they were mainly used for winter heating.Since the early 1980s, the United StatesCanadaThe research work on ground source heat pump with combined cooling and heating has been carried out, and many literatures have reported the different forms of underground heat exchanger of ground source heat pumpHeat transfer processAnd model, and the operation summary and performance comparison of some projects.
Department of Energy (DOE) andU.S. Environmental Protection Agency（EPA）All haveIt is confirmed that the ground source heat pump system is the most efficient hot water, heating andrefrigeration system。On the one hand, it uses the relativeStable temperatureThe heating and air conditioning system can maintain efficient operation throughout the year, saving 20-50% of the electricity cost for ground source heat pump users.
It can be seen from the calculation results in some literatures that the efficiency ratios of the multi zone top wind system, the single zone top wind system, the cold water variable wind system and the multi zone ground source heat pump system are 1.54kw/ton, 1.40kw/ton, 1.23kw/ton and 0.88kw/ton respectively, and kw/ton represents kilowatt power consumption/tonCooling capacity。It can be seen that compared with traditional air conditioning, ground source heat pump system has the best efficiency ratio.
On the other hand, under the same conditions, buildings using ground source heat pump systems can reduce maintenance costs.The ground source heat pump is very durable. Its mechanical moving parts are very few. All the parts are either buried underground or installed indoors, thus avoiding the bad weather outdoors. The underground part can be guaranteed for 50 years, and the ground part can be guaranteed for 30 years. Therefore, the ground source heat pump is maintenance free and air conditioning, saving maintenance costs, so that the user's investment can be recovered in about three years.A survey on the maintenance costs of air conditioning systems was conducted in Lincoln City and Nebraska and 20 schools.These 20 schools adopt four different cooling modes: ground source heat pump system (GHP)hot-water boilerOfAir cooler(ACC/GHWB), with hot water boilerWater cooler(WCC/GHWB), withSteam boilerWater cooler (WCC/GSB)..
stayAtlantaCity, the annual cost of using air cooling heat pump system for each household is 826 dollars, the cost of using ordinary air conditioning system is 686 dollars, and the cost of using ground source heat pump system is 397 dollars.It can be seen that the operation cost of ground source heat pump system is quite low compared with other air-conditioning systems.
More importantly, the ground source heat pump systemcryogenInjected in the factory and completely sealed, there is no leakage during use, and users do not need to add refrigerant at any time, thus reducing the risk ofozone layerDestruction of.The system can be used on residential buildings of different structures and areas, installed during construction of new buildings, and used for reconstruction of old buildings. Its flexibility in design makes it a very attractive air conditioning option.Ground source heat pump has special advantages in dehumidification, so it is very suitable for hot and humid climate in summerAir conditioner, the ground source heat pump will be more prominent in this point, so ifIndoor air quality standardGround source heat pump system is also a very good choice.
Ground source heat pump has the above advantages, such as government office buildings, apartments and restaurants.According to the civil law of Aklahomapower companyMade in Red River ValleyUser survey: If you want to score within 1 to 10 points, 99% of users of ground source heat pump air conditioners will rate theirCooling capacityGave more than 8 points, 73% of users gave a full score of 10 points.
The first snow in the New Year made the outdoor temperature of the city drop suddenly.Xinmao new energy and new materialsIndustrial baseThe workshop is warm as springthermometerThe indoor temperature is clearly displayed at 23 ℃."We don't burn coal, gas or traditional air conditioners for heating here. Can you guess what to use?" Seeing the reporter, Li Dechun of Xinmao Base first sold a pass and then stamped his feet gently. "The land under our feet can not only heat but also cool, which is called by us vividly‘Geothermal air conditioning’。”
Li Dechunkou's "geothermal air conditioning" is accurately called "ground source heat pump", which is a new typecentral air-conditioningSystem, no fuel, no gas, no coal.According to Yu Weifeng, the general manager of Tianjin Fengshang Electromechanical Co., Ltd., its technology provider, the temperature of shallow soil is relatively stable throughout the year, and the temperature difference with air is generally about 17 ℃soil temperature It is really warm in winter and cool in summer.According to this characteristic, in winter, the heat in the stratum is "extracted" through certain equipment and technology, and then it is supplied to indoor users for heating after the temperature is raised. On the contrary, the purpose of cooling can be achieved in summer.
As a building area of 350000 square metersindustrial baseHeating and cooling are not small expenses.Xinmao New Energy and New Material Base once asked relevant technicians to make an account. The calculation is based on the heat supply area of 7000 square meters for a single buildingMunicipal heating, SummerScrew machineFor the cooling mode, the initial hardware investment is 2.55 million yuan, and the annual operating cost is 357000 yuan. For Xinmao with an area of 350000 square meters, the annual operating cost alone exceeds 16 million yuan.
The huge cost forced Xinmao to give up the traditional heatingCooling modeThe ground source heat pump is adopted instead.Contained in shallow soilgeothermal energyIt is widely distributed, recyclable and renewable, with huge reserves and relatively low cost. More importantly, it is a clean energy.After a year of operation, Li Dechun felt the advantages of ground source heat pump in many aspects, and the most direct benefit was the low operating cost of ground source heat pump,conserve energy ,reduce emissionsIt does not mean high investment. It is related toproduction costsThe reduction of is closely linked.Based on the 7000 square meters of heating and cooling area of the single building, the hardware investment of the ground source heat pump is 1.96 million yuan, and the operating cost is 210000 yuan. The 350000 square meters of the entire base is only 10 million yuan a year, saving 6 million yuan at a time.Can be reducedcarbon dioxide750 tons of emissions, "don't underestimate this system, which is equivalent to 1200 more trees a year".
Not only in Xinmao, but also in many enterprises, industrial parks, schools and residential areas in the city.Since 2008, the city has been listed as one of the three pilot cities of ground source heat pump air conditioning system in China.Tianjin Port Free Trade ZoneThe building area of ground source heat pump for heating has reached more than 800000 square meters, accounting for about the entirebonded area16% of the total building area, which can save about 12000 tons of coal and reduce 28000 tons of carbon dioxide emissions throughout the year, ranking the leading level in China.Tianjin MansionThe original sewage source heat pump air conditioning system is used to realize the triple supply of cooling, heating and domestic hot water. The sewage in the closed pipe transmits the soil heat, turning the sewage into a treasure, and is used by the national housing and urban and rural areasMinistry of ConstructionAnd the Ministry of FinanceRenewable energyBuilding application demonstration project.It is estimated that heat pump heating is better than coal-fired heatingsave coalAbout 40%.Every 1 ton of sewage used is equivalent to 2 kilograms less coal. The Tianjin residence uses 400000 tons of sewage every year, saving money every yearStandard coalAbout 800 tons and 2400 tons of carbon dioxide emission reduction.(Source: Tianjin Daily)
Heating is the largest in the societylivelihood issues, the cold is testing the government'sAdministrative capacity。aboutUrban fringeFor rural areas, even if urban heating pipe network is installed, the energy consumption caused by heating distance is quite huge.So, how to explore a heating mode in the "low-carbon era"?Liu Chuntang, a member of the committee, suggested that the ground source heat pump should be used to recycle the relatively constant temperature groundwater, a "green air conditioner", for heating, so as to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction.
Heat lossSerious, causing waste.Liu Chuntang told reporters that the old houses with the most heating problems are those with small boilers. "These old housescorridorThere are many problems, and the heat loss of heating pipeline is serious. ",Through investigation, Liu Chuntang found that some of the corridors of abandoned residential areas and old houses had incomplete windows, some were wooden corridor doors, and some even had no corridor doors. Because many heating pipes were exposed outside, heat had not yet entered the residents' homes, and a large part of it was lost from the corridor.
"This' geothermal 'is actually the ground source heat pump heating." Liu Chuntang said that the ground source heat pump is an efficient and energy-saving air-conditioning system that can use the underground shallow geothermal resources to both heat and cool, and can be widely used in commercial buildings, public buildingsResidential apartments, schools, hospitals and other buildings.One of the advantages of "geothermal" heating is environmental protectionnitrogen oxide 、sulfur dioxideAnd smoke, no pollution.Geothermal heating has been tried in Beijing and other places, with good results.
Current situation: geothermal development in rural areas is not ideal
"Ground source heat pump technologyGreen and environmental protectionEnergy saving and cleaningcontrol equipment The advantages of simplicity are recognized by more and more people.But in fact, the development of ground source heat pump technology in China's rural areas is very unsatisfactory. "Liu Chuntang said that our cityRural residentsfamilyEnergy consumptionBasically complete the transformation from primary energy toCommercial energyConversion of.
Liu Chuntang found in the survey that the average annual coal consumption of rural households around Beijing is 2.9 tons, the electricity consumption is 920kW/h, and there are 3-4 tanks of liquefied gas.In total household energy consumption, coal accounts for 74%, electricity 13%, liquefied gas 8%, straw, etcbiomass energy Source accounts for only 5%.Among the 2.9 tons of coal consumed by rural households, 2.3 tons are used for heating, accounting for nearly 80%.According to heat conversion, about 60% of household energy consumption is used for winter heating, and 78% of households think that heating is a heavy burden.DalianThe energy consumption in surrounding rural areas is basically the same as that in Beijing.
In view of the problems encountered in the promotion of geothermal energy in rural areas, Liu Chuntang said that the main reason is that the initial investment in the ground source heat pump system is relatively high. The cost of a single square meter of single residential buildings is usually about 350~400 yuan, and the cost of a single square meter of centralized buildings is usually about 150~200 yuan, creating a situation that rural residents cannot afford to use;At the same time, the thermal insulation measures of rural buildings are generally poor, resulting in large heat loss, and then large heating load and high operating costs;In addition, since most of the water and ground source heat pump systems are used in public buildings, professional and technical personnel are involved in the use of the system.However, when it is used by ordinary households, especially rural households, it will inevitably lead to errors in use and operation, and even damage to the system in serious cases.
Suggestion: give residents subsidies according to the heating area
Liu Chuntang told reporters that to solve the problem, we should set up professional institutions or instruct professional departments to implementEnergy technologyCarry out unified planning and research, and come up with implementation plans, programs and policies.Or take out certain areas and plots for demonstration;For development projects in urban fringe areas orRural homesteadLand energy andNew energy technologyThe land price and supporting facilities will be given preferential treatment;At the same time, the heating cost of residents remains unchanged;Yes, the rural areas in our cityHomesteadandGreenhouseFor farmers who use ground source heat pumps, the input amount or heating area shall be comparedHome appliances to the countrysidePolicy, give certain subsidies.
In addition, since most of the heating time for rural users is at night, it is hoped that the relevant government departments can consider issuing a policy to give rural users the same heating time as urban userspeak-valley price Policy.And design, distributionConstruction unitGive corresponding preferential and incentive policies.good
